Generic competition in the US pharmaceutical industry

International Journal of the Economics of Business

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 15-38

  Saha, Atanu ^a   Grabowski, Henry ^b   Birnbaum, Howard ^c   Greenberg, Paul ^c   Bizan, Oded ^d  

^a Analysis Group   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ANALYSIS GROUP   (United States)

^d Microeconomic Analysis   (United States)

Author keywords

Competition; Generic Entry

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645151044     PISSN: 13571516     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13571510500519905     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Berndt, E.R. et al. (1995) Information, marketing, and pricing in the US antiulcer drug market, The American Economic Review, 85(2), pp. 100-5.
2. Berndt, E.R. et al. (1997) The role of marketing, product quality, and price competition in the growth and consumption of US antiulcer drug industry, in: T.F. Bresnahan and R.J. Gordon (Eds) The Economics of New Goods, National Bureau of Economic Research, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 58, pp. 277-328 (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press).
3. Berndt, E.R. (2002) Pharmaceuticals in US health care: determinants of quantity and price, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4), pp. 45-66.
4. Berndt, E.R. et al. (2003) The long shadow of patent expiration: generic entry and Rx to OTC switches, in: R.C. Feenstra and M.D. Shapiro (Eds) Scanner Date and Price Indexes, NBER Series on the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Vol. 61, pp. 229-67 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research).
5. Caves, R.E. et al. (1991) Patent expiration, entry, and competition in the US pharmaceutical industry, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics 1991, pp. 1-48 (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press).
6. Congressional Budget Office (1998) How Increased Competition from Generic Drugs Has Affected Prices and Returns in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Congressional Budget Office, The Congress of the United States, http://www.cbo.gov/)
7. Ellison, G. and Ellison, S.F. (2000) Strategic entry deterrence and the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents prior to patent expiration, Working Paper, MIT.
8. Federal Trade Commission (2002) Generic drug entry prior to patent expiration: an FTC study, available at: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2002/07/ genericdrugstudy.pdf
9. th edition).
10. Frank, R.G. and Salkever, D.S. (1992) Pricing, patent loss and the market for pharmaceuticals, Southern Economic Journal, 59(2), pp. 165-79.
11. Frank, R.G. and Salkever, D.S. (1997) Generic entry and pricing of pharmaceuticals, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 6(1), pp. 75-90.
12. Geroski, P. (1995) What do we know about entry?, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(4), pp. 421-40.
13. Grabowski, H.G. and Mullins, C.D. (1997) Pharmacy benefit management, cost-effectiveness analysis, and drug formulary decisions, Social Science & Medicine, 45(4), pp. 535-44.
14. Grabowski, H.G. and Vernon, J.M. (1992) Brand loyalty, entry, and price competition in pharmaceuticals after the 1984 Drug Act, Journal of Law and Economics, 35(October), pp. 331-50.
15. Grabowski, H.G. and Vernon, J.M. (1996) Longer patents for increased generic competition in the US: The Hatch-Waxman Act after one decade, PharmacoEconomics, 10(Supplement), pp. 110-23.
16. Hudson, J. (2000) Generic take-up in the pharmaceutical market following patent expiry: a multi-country study, International Review of Law and Economics, 20(2), pp. 205-21.
17. Masson, A. and Steiner, R.L. (1985) Generic substitution and prescription drug prices: economic effects of state drug product selection laws, Staff Report, Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics.
18. Mortimer, R.K. (1997) Demand for prescription drugs: effects of managed care pharmacy benefits, University of California-Berkley, Working Paper No. 97-258, November.
19. PhRMA (2001) Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2001: Research for the Millennium, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (Washington, DC).
20. Reiffen, D. and Ward, M.R. (2002) Generic drug industry dynamics, Working Paper, Federal Trade Commission.
21. Scott Morton, F.M. (1999) Entry decisions in the generic pharmaceutical industry, RAND Journal of Economics, 30(3), pp. 421-40.
22. Scott Morton, F.M. (2000) Barriers to entry, brand advertising, and generic entry in the U.S pharmaceutical industry, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 18(7), pp. 1085-104.
23. Statman, M. (1981) The effect of patent expiration on the market position of drugs, in: R.B. Helms, Drugs and Health: Economic Issues and Policy Objectives, pp. 140-50 (American Enterprise Institute).
24. Wiggins, S.N. and Maness, R. (1994) Price competition in pharmaceutical markets, Unpublished Manuscript, Department of Economics, Texas A&M University.