Normal mitral and aortic valve areas assessed by three- and two-dimensional echocardiography in 168 children and young adults

Pediatric Cardiology

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 217-225

  Poutanen, T ^a,b   Tikanoja, T ^a   Sairanen, H ^b   Jokinen, E ^b  

^a KUOPIO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

Aortic valve; Children; Mitral valve; Three dimensional echocardiography

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AORTA FLOW; AORTA VALVE; ARTICLE; ASCENDING AORTA; BODY SIZE; BODY SURFACE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE OUTFLOW TRACT; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE PROCESSING; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; MITRAL VALVE; NORMAL HUMAN; OBSERVER BIAS; OBSERVER VARIATION; REPRODUCIBILITY; THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TWO DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AORTIC VALVE; BODY SIZE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DOPPLER; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MITRAL VALVE; OBSERVER VARIATION; ORGAN SIZE; REFERENCE VALUES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 33645118028     PISSN: 01720643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00246-005-1056-7     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Baumgartner H, Kratzer H, Helmreich G, Kuehn P (1990) Determination of aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography using the continuity equation: a critical evaluation. Cardiology 77:101-111
2. Binder TM, Rosenhek R, Porenta G, Maurer G, Baumgartner H (2000) Improved assessment of mitral valve stenosis by volumetric real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:1355-1361
3. Braverman AC, Thomas JD, Lee RT (1991) Doppler echocardiographic estimation of mitral valve area during changing hemodynamic conditions. Am J Cardiol 68:1485-1490
4. Chen Q, Nosir YF, Vletter WB, et al. (1997) Accurate assessment of mitral valve area in patients with mitral stenosis by three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 10:133-140
5. Cheng TO, Xie MX, Wang XF, Li ZA, Hu G (1997) Evaluation of mitral valve prolapse by four-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 133:120-129
6. Davidson WR Jr, Pasquale MJ, Fanelli C (1991) A Doppler echocardiographic examination of the normal aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract. Am J Cardiol 67:541-549
7. DuBois D, DuBois EF (1916) A formula to estimate approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med 17:863-871
8. el Habbal M, Somerville J (1989) Size of the normal aortic root in normal subjects and in those with left ventricular outflow obstruction. Am J Cardiol 63:322-326
9. Fabricius AM, Walther T, Falk V, Mohr FW (2004) Three-dimensional echocardiography for planning of mitral valve surgery: current applicability? Ann Thorac Surg 78:575-578
10. Fyrenius A, Engvall J, Janerot-Sjoberg B (2001) Major and minor axes of the normal mitral annulus. J Heart Valve Dis 10:146-152
11. Ge S, Warner JG Jr, Abraham TP, et al. (1998) Three-dimensional surface area of the aortic valve orifice by three-dimensional echocardiography: clinical validation of a novel index for assessment of aortic stenosis. Am Heart J 136:1042-1050
12. Gutgesell HP, Bricker JT, Colvin EV, Latson LA, Hawkins EP (1984) Atrioventricular valve anular diameter: two-dimensional echocardiographic- autopsy correlation. Am J Cardiol 53:1652-1655
13. Gutgesell HP, French M (1991) Echocardiographic determination of aortic and pulmonary valve areas in subjects with normal hearts. Am J Cardiol 68:773-776
14. Kaplan SR, Bashein G, Sheehan FH, et al. (2000) Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of annular shape changes in the normal and regurgitant mitral valve. Am Heart J 139:378-387
15. Kasprzak JD (2002) Clinical application of 3-dimensional echocardiography. Przegl Lek 59:650-654
16. Kasprzak JD, Nosir YF, Dall'Agata A, et al. (1998) Quantification of the aortic valve area in three-dimensional echocardiographic data sets: analysis of orifice overestimation resulting from suboptimal cut-plane selection. Am Heart J 135:995-1003
17. Kasprzak JD, Salustri A, Roelandt JR, Ten Gate FJ (1998) Three-dimensional echocardiography of the aortic valve: feasibility, clinical potential, and limitations. Echocardiography 15:127-138
18. King DH, Smith EO, Huhta JC, Gutgesell HP (1985) Mitral and tricuspid valve anular diameter in normal children determined by two-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 55:787-789
19. Macnab A, Jenkins NP, Bridgewater BJ, et al. (2004) Three-dimensional echocardiography is superior to multiplane transoesophageal echo in the assessment of regurgitant mitral valve morphology. Eur J Echocardiogr 5:212-222
20. Menzel T, Mohr-Kahaly S, Kolsch B, et al. (1997) Quantitative assessment of aortic stenosis by three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 10:215-223
21. Poutanen T, Ikonen A, Vainio P, Jokinen E, Tikanoja T (2000) Left atrial volume assessed by transthoracic three dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging: dynamic changes during the heart cycle in children. Heart 83:537-542
22. Poutanen T, Ikonen A, Vainio P, Jokinen E, Tikanoja T (2001) Transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography is as good as magnetic resonance imaging in measuring dynamic changes in left ventricular volume during the heart cycle in children. Eur J Echocardiogr 2:31-39
23. Riggs TW, Lapin GD, Paul MH, Muster AJ, Berry TE (1983) Measurement of mitral valve orifice area in infants and children by two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1:873-878
24. Roelandt JRTC, Yao J, Kasprzak JD (1998) Three-dimensional echocardiography. Curr Opin Cardiol 13:383-396
25. Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kramer-Fox R, O'Loughlin J (1989) Two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults. Am J Cardiol 64:507-512
26. Sairanen H, Louhimo I (1992) Dimensions of the heart and great vessels in normal children. A postmortem study of cardiac ventricles, valves and great vessels. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 26:83-92
27. Sheil ML, Jenkins O, Sholler GF (1995) Echocardiographic assessment of aortic root dimensions in normal children based on measurement of a new ratio of aortic size independent of growth. Am J Cardiol 75:711-715
28. Skjaerpe T, Hegrenaes L, Hatle L (1985) Noninvasive estimation of valve area in patients with aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound and two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 72:810-818
29. Snider AR, Serwer GA, Ritter SB (1997) Echocardiography in Pediatric Heart Disease, 2nd edn. Mosby, St. : Louis
30. Sutaria N, Northridge D, Masani N, Pandian N (2000) Three dimensional echocardiography for the assessment of mitral valve disease. Heart 84:II7-II10
31. Tei C, Pilgrim JP, Shah PM, Ormiston JA, Wong M (1982) The tricuspid valve annulus: study of size and motion in normal subjects and in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation 66:665-671