Do bullied children become anxious and depressed adults? A cross-sectional investigation of the correlates of bullying and anxious depression

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Volumn 194, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 201-208

  Gladstone, Gemma L ^a,b   Parker, Gordon B ^a   Malhi, Gin S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b PRINCE OF WALES HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Bullying; Depression; Peer victimization

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGORAPHOBIA; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; BULLYING; CHILD ABUSE; CHILDHOOD; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTPATIENT; PARENTAL ATTITUDE; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL PHOBIA; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STRESS; TEMPERAMENT;

ADULT; AMBULATORY CARE; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; PEER GROUP; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 33645104241     PISSN: 00223018     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000202491.99719.c3     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association.
2. Baldry AC (2003) Bullying in schools and exposure to domestic violence. Child Abuse Neglect. 27:713-732.
3. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Moch JE, Erbaugh JK (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 4:561-571.
4. Biederman J, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Rosenbaum JF, Herot C, Friedman D, Snidman N, Kagan J, Faraone SV (2001) Further evidence of association between behavioural inhibition and social anxiety in children. Am J Psychiatry. 158:1673-1679.
5. Bond L, Carlin JB, Thomas L, Rubin K, Patton G (2001) Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. BMJ. 323:480-484.
6. Boulton MJ, Underwood K (1992) Bully/victim problems among middle school children. Br J Educ Psychol. 62:73-87.
7. Dadds MR, Barrett PM, Rapee RM, Ryan SM (1996) Family process and child anxiety and aggression: an observational analysis. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 24:714-734.
8. Duncan RD (1999) Maltreatment by parents and peers: The relationship between childhood abuse, bully victimization and psychological distress. Child Maltreat. 4:45-55.
9. Egan S, Perry DG (1998) Does low self-regard invite victimization? Dev Psychol. 34:299-309.
10. Fosse GK, Holen A (2004) Cohabitation, education and occupation of psychiatric outpatients bullied as children. J Nerv Ment Dis. 192:385-388.
11. Garcia-Coll CG, Kagan J, Reznick JS (1984) Behavioral inhibition in young children. Child Dev. 55:1005-1019.
12. Gibb BE, Abramson LY, Alloy LB (2004) Emotional maltreatment form parents, verbal peer victimization and cognitive vulnerability to depression. Cogn Ther Res. 28:1-21.
13. Gladstone G, Parker G, Mitchell P, Malhi G, Wilhelm K, Austin M-P (2004) Childhood trauma and its implications for depressed women: An analysis of pathways from childhood sexual abuse to adult self-harm and revictimization. Am J Psychiatry. 161:1417-1425.
14. Gladstone GL, Parker GB, Mitchell PB, Wilhelm KA, Malhi GS (In press) Relationship between self-reported childhood behavioral inhibition and lifetime anxiety disorders in a clinical sample. Depress Anxiety.
15. Hamilton M (1967) Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 6:278-296.
16. Hawker DSJ, Boulton MJ (2000) Twenty years' research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: a meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 41:441-455.
17. Hayward C, Killen JD, Kraemer HC, Taylor CB (1998) Linking self-reported childhood behavioral inhibition to adolescent social phobia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 37:1308-1316.
18. Hirshfeld DR, Rosenbaum JF, Biederman J, Bolduc EA, Faraone SV, Snidman N, Reznick JS, Kagan J (1992) Stable behavioral inhibition and its association with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 31:103-111.
19. Hudson JL, Rapee RM (2001) Parent-child interactions and anxiety disorders: An observational study. Behav Res Ther. 39:1411-1427.
20. Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela M, Rantanen P, Rimpela A (2000) Bullying at school-an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders. J Adolesc. 23:661-671.
21. Malhi G, Parker G, Gladstone G, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K (2002) Recognising the anxious face of depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 190:366-373.
22. Matsui T, Kakuyama T, Tsuzuki Y, Onglatco ML (1996) Long-term outcomes of early victimization by peers among Japanese male university students: Model of a vicious cycle. Psychol Rep. 79:711-720.
23. Mynard H, Joseph S (1997) Bully/victim problems and their association with Eysenck's personality dimensions in 8-to-13-year-olds. Br J Educ Psychol. 95:1255-1263.
24. Olweus D (1978) Aggression in the Schools: Bullies and Whipping Boys. Washington (DC): Hemisphere.
25. Olweus D (1991) Bully/victim problems among school children: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In D Peplar, K Rubin (Eds), The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression (pp 411-448). Hillsdale (NJ): Erlbaum.
26. Olweus D (1992) Victimization by peers: Antecedents and long-term outcomes. In KH Rubin, JB Asendorph (Eds), Social Withdrawal, Inhibition and Shyness in Childhood (pp 325-341). Hillsdale (NJ): Erlbaum.
27. Olweus D (1993) Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Cambridge (MA): Basil Blackwell.
28. Olweus D (1999) Norway. In PK Smith, Y Morita, J Junger-Tas, D Olweus, R Catalano, P Slee (Eds), The Nature of School Bullying: A Cross-cultural Perspective (pp 28-48). London: Routledge.
29. Parker G, Roussos J, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Mitchell Austin M-P (1997) The development of a refined measure of dysfunctional parenting and assessment of its relevance in patients with affective disorders. Psychol Med. 27:1193-1203.
30. Rivers I (2001) Retrospective reports of school bullying: Stability of recall and its implications for research. Br J Dev Psychol. 19:129-141.
31. Roth DA, Meredith EC, Heimberg RG (2002) The relationship between memories for childhood teasing and anxiety and depression in adulthood. J Anxiety Disord. 16:149-164.
32. Schwartz D, Dodge KA, Coie JD (1993) The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys' play group. Child Dev. 64:1755-1772.
33. Smith PK, Morita Y, Junger-Tas J, Olweus D, Catalano R, Slee P (1999) The Nature of School Bullying: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. London: Routledge.
34. Smith PK, Myron-Wilson R (1998) Parenting and school bullying. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 3:405-417.
35. Sourander A, Helstela L, Helenius H, Piha J (2000) Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal 8 year follow-up. Child Abuse Neglect. 24:873-881.
36. Troy M, Sroufe LA (1987) Victimization among preschoolers: Role of attachment relationship history. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2:166-171.
37. World Health Organization (1997) Composite International Interview (Version 2.1, CIDI-A). Sydney, Australia: WHO Research and Training Centre.