Management of severe open tibial fractures. The need for combined orthopaedic and plastic surgical treatment in specialist centres

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series B

Volumn 88, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 351-357

  Naique, S B ^a   Pearse, M ^a   Nanchahal, J ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; BONE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEBRIDEMENT; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FRACTURE FIXATION; FRACTURE HEALING; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GUNSHOT INJURY; HUMAN; INFECTION RATE; LIMB SALVAGE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OPEN FRACTURE; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; PLASTIC SURGERY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REHABILITATION CARE; REOPERATION; REVIEW; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TIBIA FRACTURE; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AMPUTATION; DEBRIDEMENT; FEMALE; FRACTURE FIXATION; FRACTURE FIXATION, INTRAMEDULLARY; FRACTURES, OPEN; HOSPITALS, SPECIAL; HUMANS; ILIZAROV TECHNIQUE; LIMB SALVAGE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; REHABILITATION, VOCATIONAL; REOPERATION; SOFT TISSUE INJURIES; TIBIAL FRACTURES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WOUND INFECTION;

EID: 33644953054     PISSN: 0301620X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.88B3.17120     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analysis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1976;58-A:453-8.
2. Godina M. Early microsurgical reconstruction of complex trauma of the extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;78:285-92.
3. Cormack GC, Lamberty BG. Fasciocutaneous vessels: their distribution on the trunk and limbs, and their clinical application in tissue transfer. Anat Clin 1984;6:121-31.
4. Carriquiry C, Aparecida Costa M, Vasconez LO. An anatomic study of the septocutaneous vessels of the leg. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985;76:354-63.
5. Taylor GI, Pan WR. Angiosomes of the leg: anatomic study and clinical implications. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102:599-616.
6. Gopal S, Majumder S, Batchelor AG, et al. Fix and flap: the radical orthopaedic and plastic treatment of severe open fractures of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2000;82-B:959-66.
7. Keating JF, Blachut PA, O'Brien PJ, Court-Brown CM. Reamed nailing of Gustilo grade-IIIB tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2000;82-B:1113-16.
8. No authors Listed. The early management of severe tibial fractures: the need for combined orthopaedic and plastic management. Br J Plast Surg 1997;50:570-83.
9. British Orthopaedic Association. The Management of Skeletal Trauma in the United Kingdom. London: British Orthopaedic Association, 1992.
10. Toms AD, Green AL, Giles S, Thomas AB. The current management of tibial fractures: are clinical guidelines effective? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2003;85:413-16.
11. Allison K, Wang M, Bollard B, Peart F, Porter K. The management of compound leg injuries in the West Midlands (UK): are we meeting current guidelines? Br J Plast Surg 2005;58:640-5.
12. Enneking WF, Dunham W, Gebhardt MC, Malawar M, Pritchard DJ. A system for the functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors of the musculoskeletal system. Clin Orthop 1993;286:241-6.
13. Skaggs DL, Friend L, Alman B, et al. The effect of surgical delay on acute infection following 554 open fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2005;87-A:8-12.
14. Harley BJ, Beaupre LA, Jones CA, Dulai SK, Weber DW. The effect of time to definitive treatment on the rate of nonunion and infection in open fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2002;16:484-90.
15. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J. Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop 1989;243:36-40.
16. Bednar DA, Parikh J. Effect of time delay from injury to primary management on the incidence of deep infection after open fractures of the lower extremities caused by blunt trauma in adults. J Orthop Trauma 1993:532-5.
17. Hertel R, Lambert SM, Muller S, Ballmer FT, Ganz R. On the timing of soft-tissue reconstruction for open fractures of the lower leg. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1999; 119:7-12.
18. Fischer MD, Gustilo RB, Varecka TF. The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting, and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with extensive soft-tissue injury. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1991;73-A:1316-22.
19. Byrd HS, Spicer TE, Cierny G III. Management of open tibial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985;76:719-30.
20. Tropet Y, Garbuio P, Obert L, Ridoux PE. Emergency management of type IIIB open tibial fractures. Br J Plast Surg 1999;52:462-70.
21. Pollak AN, McCarthy ML, Burgess AR. Short-term wound complications after application of flaps for coverage of traumatic soft-tissue defects about the tibia: the Lower Extremity Assessment Project (LEAP) study group. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2000;82-A:1681-91.
22. Erdmann MW, Court-Brown CM, Quaba AA. A five-year review of islanded distally based fasciocutaneous flaps on the lowerlimb. Br J Plast Surg 1997;50:421-7.
23. Shannon FJ, Mullett H, O'Rourke K. Unreamed intramedullary nail versus external fixation in grade III open tibial fractures. J Trauma 2002;52:650-4.
24. Tornetta P 3rd, Bergman M, Watnik N, Berkowitz G, Steuer J. Treatment of grade-IIIb open tibial fractures: a prospective randomised comparison of external fixation and non-reamed locked nailing. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1994;76-B:13-19.
25. Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Swiontkowski MF, Schemitsch EH. Treatment of open fractures of the shaft of the tibia: a systematic overview and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2001;83-B:62-8.
26. Faraj AA. The reliability of the pre-operative classification of open tibial fractures in children: a proposal for a new classification. Acta Orthop Belg 2002;68:49-55.
27. Yates D. Regional trauma systems: the negative results from an evaluation do not tell the whole story. BMJ 1997;315:1321-2.
28. Court Brown CM, McQueen MM, Quaba AA, Christie J. Locked intramedullary nailing of open tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1991;73-B:959-64.
29. McGraw JM, Lim EV. Treatment of open tibial-shaft fractures: external fixation and secondary intramedullary nailing. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1988;70-A:900-11.
30. Siebenrock KA, Gerich T, Jakob RP. Sequential intramedullary nailing of open tibial shaft fractures after external fixation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1997;116:32-6.
31. Law MD Jr, Stein RE. Late infection in healed fractures after open reduction and internal fixation. Orthop Rev 1993;22:545-52.
32. Arangio GA, Lehr S, Reed JF 3rd. Reemployment of patients with surgical salvage of open, high-energy tibial fractures: an outcome study. J Trauma 1997;42:942-5.
33. Francel TJ. Improving reemployment rates after limb salvage of acute severe tibial fractures by microvascular soft-tissue reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93:1028-34.
34. Gopal S, Giannoudis PV, Murray A, Matthews SJ, Smith RM. The functional outcome of severe, open tibial fractures managed with early fixation and flap coverage. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2004;86-B:861-7.