The Tardieu Scale differentiates contracture from spasticity whereas the Ashworts Scale is confounded by it

Clinical Rehabilitation

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 173-181

  Patrick, Emily ^a   Ada, Louise ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANKLE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMMUNITY CARE; CONTRACTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ELBOW; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; JOINT FUNCTION; MALE; MUSCLE STRETCHING; RATING SCALE; SPASTICITY;

AGED; ANKLE JOINT; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CONTRACTURE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ELBOW JOINT; FEMALE; HEMIPLEGIA; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 33644918282     PISSN: 02692155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/0269215506cr922oa     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Lance JW. Symposium synopsis. In Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP eds. Spasticity: disordered motor control. Year Book Medical Publishers, 1980: 485-94.
2. Ashworth B. Preliminary trial of carisoprodal in multiple sclerosis. The Practitioner 1964; 192: 540-42.
3. Bohannon RW, Smith M. Interrater reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987; 67: 206-207.
4. Van Wijck FM, Pandyan AD, Johnson GR, Barnes MP. Assessing motor deficits in neurological rehabilitation: patterns of instrument usage. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2001; 15: 23-30.
5. Pandyan A, Johnson G, Price C, Curless R, Barnes M, Rodgers H. A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity. Clin Rehabil 1999; 13: 373-83.
6. Nielsen JF, Sinkjaer T. A comparison of clinical and laboratory measures of spasticity. Multiple Sclerosis 1996; 1: 296-301.
7. Priebe M, Sherwood A, Thornby J, Kharas N, Marlowski J. Clinical assessment of spasticity in spinal cord injury: a multidimensional problem. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 713-16.
8. Vattanasilp W, Ada L. The relationship between clinical and laboratory measures of spasticity. Aust J Physiother 1999; 45: 135-39.
9. Vattanasilp W, Ada L, Crosbie J. Contribution of thixotropy, spasticity, and contracture to ankle stiffness after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 69: 34-39.
10. Bakheit AMO, Maynard VA, Curnow J, Hudson N, Kodapala S. The relation between Ashworth scale scores and the excitability of the alpha motor neurones in patients with post-stroke muscle spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 646-48.
11. Pandyan A, Price C, Barnes M, Johnson G. A biomechanical investigation into the validity of the modified Ashworth Scale as a measure of elbow spasticity. Clin Rehabil 2003; 17: 290-93.
12. Tardieu G, Shentoub S, Delarue R. A la recherché d'une technique de mesure de la spasticite. Rev Neurol 1954; 91: 143-44.
13. Tardieu G, Rondont O, Mensch J, Dalloz J-C, Monfraix C, Tabary J-C. Responses electromyographiques a l'etirement musculaire chez l'homme normal. Rev Neurol 1957; 97: 60-61.
14. Held J, Pierrot-Deseilligny E. Reeducation motrice des affections neurologiques. J B Bailliere, 1969: 31-42.
15. Gracies J-M, Marosszeky J, Renton R, Sandaman J, Gandevia S, Burke D. Short-term effects of dynamic lycra splints on upper limb in hemiplegia patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81: 1547-55.
16. Basmajan JV, Blumenstein R. Electrode placement in EMG biofeedback. Williams and Wilkins, 1980.
17. Ibrahim IK, Berger W, Trippel M, Dietz V. Stretch-induced electromyographic activity and torque in spastic elbow muscles. Differential modulation of reflex activity in passive and active motor tasks. Brain 1993; 116: 971-89.
18. Yeo W, Ada L, O'Dwyer NJ, Neilson PD. Tonic stretch reflexes in older able-bodied people. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 38: 273-78.
19. Katz RT, Rovai GP, Brait C, Rymer WZ. Objective quantification of spastic hypertonia: correlation with clinical findings. Arch Phys Rehabil Med 1992; 73: 339-47.
20. Leslie GC, Muir K, Part NJ, Roberts RC. A comparison of the assessment of spasticity by the Wartenberg pendulum test and the Ashworth grading scale in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil 1992; 6: 41-48.
21. Skold C, Harms-Ringdahl K, Hulting C, Levi R, Seiger A. Simultaneous Ashworth measurements and electromyographic recordings in tetraplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79: 959-65.
22. O'Dwyer NJ, Ada L, Neilson PD. Spasticity and muscle contracture following stroke. Brain 1996; 119: 1737-49.
23. Hufschmidt A, Mauritz K-H. Chronic transformation of muscle in spasticity: a peripheral contribution to increased tone. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985; 48: 676-85.
24. Thilmann AF, Fellows SJ, Ross HF. Biomechanical changes at the ankle joint after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: 134-39.
25. Meyer M, Adorjani C. Tonic stretch reflex for quantification of pathological muscle tone. In Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP eds. Spasticity: disordered motor control. Symposia Specialists, 1980: 315-31.
26. Ashby P, Burke D. Stretch reflexes in the upper limb of spastic man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1971; 34: 765-71.
27. Lehmann JF, Price R, deLateur BJ, Hinderer S, Traynor C. Spasticity: quantitative measurements as a basis for assessing effectiveness of therapeutic intervention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989; 70: 6-15.
28. Ashby P, Mailis A, Hunter J. The evaluation of "spasticity". Can J Neurol Sci 1987; 14: 497-500.
29. Lin J-P, Brown JK, Brotherstone R. Assessment of spasticity in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. II: distal lower-limb reflex excitability and function. Dev Med Child Neurol 1994; 36: 290-303.
30. Boyd RN, Graham HK. Objective measurement of clinical findings in the use of botulinum toxin type A for the management of children with cerebral palsy. Eur J Neurol 1994; 6 (suppl 4): S23-S35.