Maintenance threonine requirement and efficiency of its use for accretion of whole-body threonine and protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry

British Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 95, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 234-245

  Rollin, Xavier ^a   Wauters, Jean Baptiste ^a   Bodin, Noélie ^a   Larondelle, Yvan ^a   Ooghe, Wilfried ^b   Wathelet, Bernard ^c   Abboudi, Tarik ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^b GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Amino acids; Atlantic salmon fry; Growth requirement; Maintenance requirement; Threonine

Indexed keywords

HISTIDINE; ISOLEUCINE; LYSINE; THREONINE; AMINO ACID;

AMINO ACID ANALYSIS; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC SALMON; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; FEEDING; FOOD INTAKE; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; WEIGHT GAIN; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; DOSE RESPONSE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN INTAKE;

ANIMALIA; SALMO SALAR;

AMINO ACIDS; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; DIETARY PROTEINS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; HISTIDINE; ISOLEUCINE; LYSINE; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; SALMO SALAR; THREONINE; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 33644904333     PISSN: 00071145     EISSN: 14752662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051491     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Adeola O (1995) Dietary lysine and threonine utilization by young pigs: efficiency for carcass growth. Can J Anim Sci 75, 445-452.
2. Akiyama T, Arai S & Murai T (1985) Threonine, histidine and lysine requirement of chum salmon fry. Bul Jap Soc Sci Fish 51, 635-639.
3. Allen GL, Johnson RJ, Stone DAJ & Frances J (1998) Estimating digestible protein and lysine requirements of silver perch. In Fish Meal Replacement in Aquaculture Feed for Silver Perch, pp. 199-214 [GL Allen and SJ Rowlands, editors]. Australia: Report 120-03, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Deakin.
4. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995) Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Arlington, VA: AOAC.
5. Baker DH (1991) Partitioning of nutrient for growth and other metabolic functions: efficiency and priority considerations. Poultry Sci 70, 1797-1805.
6. Baker DH (2003) Ideal amino acid patterns for broiler chicks. In Amino Acid in Animal Nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 223-235 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
7. Baker DH, Becker DE, Norton HW, Jensen AH & Harmon BG (1966) Quantitative evaluation of the threonine, isoleucine, valine and phenylalanine needs of adult swine for maintenance. J Nutr 88, 391-396.
8. Baker DH, Fernandez SR, Parsons CM, Edwards HM III, Emmert JL & Webel DM (1996) Maintenance requirement for valine and efficiency of its use above maintenance for accretion of whole-body valine and protein in young chicks. J Nutr 126, 1844-1851.
9. Ballèvre O, Cadenhead A, Calder AG, Rees WD, Lobley GE, Fuller MF & Garlick PJ (1990) Quantitative partition of threonine oxidation in pigs: effect of dietary threonine. Am J Physiol 259, E483-E491.
10. Batterham ES (1994) Ileal digestibilities of amino acids in feedstuffs. In Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition, pp. 113-131 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.
11. Batterham ES, Anderson LM, Baigent DR & White E (1990) Utilization of ideal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: effect of dietary lysine concentration on efficiency of lysine retention. Br J Nutr 64, 81-94.
12. Bikker P (1994) Protein and lipid accretion in body components of growing pigs. PhD Thesis,, Wageningen Agricultural University.
13. Bird MI & Nunn PB (1983) Metabolic homeostasis of L-threonine in the normally-fed rat. Importance of liver threonine dehydrogenase activity. Biochem J 214, 687-694.
14. Boren RS & Gatlin DM III (1995) Dietary threonine requirement of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). J World Aquac Soc 26, 279-283.
15. Borlongan IG (1991) Quantitative arginine and threonine requirements of milkfish (Chanos chanos) juveniles. Aquaculture 93, 312-322.
16. Burns RA & Millner JA (1982) Threonine, tryptophan and histidine requirements of immature beagle dogs. J Nutr 112, 447-452.
17. Campbell RG, Taverner MR & Curic DM (1984) Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg. Anim Prod 38, 233-240.
18. Campbell RG, Taverner MR & Curic DM (1985) The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20 and 45 kg live weight. Anim Prod 40, 489-496.
19. Chung TK & Baker DH (1992) Efficiency of dietary methionine utilization by young pigs. J Nutr 122, 1862-1869.
20. Cieslak DG & Benevenga NJ (1984) The effect of amino acid excess on utilization by the rat of the limiting amino acids lysine and threonine at equalized food intakes. J Nutr 114, 1878-1883.
21. Conceição LE, Rønnestad I & Tonheim SK (2002) Metabolic budgets for lysine and glutamate in unfed herring (Clupea harengus) larvae. Aquaculture 201, 161-175.
22. Cowey CB (1994) Amino acid requirements of fish: a critical appraisal of present values. Aquaculture 124, 1-11.
23. Cowey CB (1995) Protein and amino acid requirements: a critique of methods. J Appl Ichthyol 11, 199-204.
24. Cowey CB & Luquet P (1983) Physiological basis of protein requirements of fishes. Critical analysis of allowances. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, vol. 1, pp. 364-384 [M Arnal, R Pion and D Bonin, editors]. Paris: INRA.
25. Dabrowski K & Guderley H (2002) Intermediary metabolism. In Fish Nutrition, 3rd ed. pp. 310-367 [JE Halver and RW Hardy, editors]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
26. Dabrowski K, Lee KJ & Rinchard J (2003) The smallest vertebrate, telesot fish, can utilize synthetic dipeptide-based diets. J Nutr 133, 4225-4229.
27. Denton JD & Yousef MK (1976) Body composition and organ weights of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. J Fish Biol 8, 489-499.
28. D'Mello JPF (1982) A comparison of two empirical methods of determining amino acid requirements. World Poult Sci J 38, 114-119.
29. D'Mello JPF (1983) Amino acid requirements of the turkey poult. In Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, pp. 66-73 [M Larbier, editor]. Tours, France: World's Poultry Science Association.
30. D'Mello JPF (1994a) Responses of growing poultry to amino acids. In Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition, pp. 205-243 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
31. D'Mello JPF (1994b) Amino acid imbalances, antagonisms and toxicities. In Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition, pp. 63-97 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
32. D'Mello JPF (2003a) Responses of growing poultry to amino acids. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 223-263 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
33. D'Mello JPF (2003b) Adverse effects of amino acids. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 125-142 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
34. D'Mello JPF (2003c) Amino acids as multifunctional molecules. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 1-14 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
35. Draper NR & Smith H (1981) Applied Regression Analysis, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
36. Dunkin AC, Black JL & James KJ (1986) Nitrogen balance in relation to energy intake in entire male pigs weighing 75 kg. Br J Nutr 55, 201-207.
37. Durbin T & Watson GS (1951) Testing for serial correlation in least square regression II. Biometrica 38, 159-178.
38. Edwards HM III, Baker DH, Fernandez SR & Parsons CM (1997) Maintenance threonine requirement and efficiency of its use for accretion of whole-body threonine and protein in young chicks. Br J Nutr 78, 111-119.
39. Edwards HM III, Fernandez SR & Baker DH (1999) Maintenance lysine requirement and efficiency of using for accretion of whole-body lysine and protein in young chicks. Poultry Sci 78, 1412-1417.
40. Elliott JM (1991) Tolerance and resistance to thermal stress in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Freshwat Biol 25, 61-70.
41. Encarnação P, de Lange C, Rodehutscord M, Hoehler D, Bureau W & Bureau DP (2004) Diet digestible energy content affects lysine utilization, but not dietary lysine requirements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for maximum growth. Aquaculture 235, 569-586.
42. Espe M (1993) Studies on the utilization of pre-digested fish proteins in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PhD Thesis, Institute of Nutrition, Directorate of Fisheries and University of Bergen.
43. Espe M, Haaland H & Njaa LR (1992) Substitution of fish silage protein and a free amino acid mixture for fish meal protein in a chicken diet. J Sci Food Agric 58, 315-320.
44. Fisher C, Morris TR & Jennings RC (1973) A model for the description and prediction of the response of laying hens to amino acid intake. Br Poult Sci 14, 469-484.
45. Fournier V, Gouillou-Coustans MF, Métailler R, Vachot C, Guedes MJ, Tulli F, Oliva-Teles A, Tibaldi E & Kaushik SJ (2002) Protein and arginine requirements for maintenance and nitrogen gain in four teleosts. Br J Nutr 87, 459-469.
46. Fuller MF (1994) Amino acid requirements for maintenance, body protein accretion and reproduction. In Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition, pp. 155-184 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.
47. Fuller MF & Garthwaite P (1993) The form of response of body protein accretion to dietary amino acid supply. J Nutr 123, 957-963.
48. Fuller MF, McWilliam R, Wang TC & Giles LR (1989) The optimum dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs. 2. Requirements for maintenance and for tissue protein accretion. Br J Nutr 62, 255-267.
49. Fyhn HJ (1989) First feeding of marine fish larvae: are free amino acids the source of energy?" Aquaculture 80, 111-120.
50. Gahl M, Finke MD, Crenshaw TD & Benevenga NJ (1991) Use of a four parameter logistic equation to evaluate the response of growing rats to ten levels of each indispensable amino acid. J Nutr 121, 1720-1729.
51. Gahl M, Finke MD, Crenshaw TD & Benevenga NJ (1996) Efficiency of lysine or threonine retention in growing rats fed diets limiting in either lysine or threonine. J Nutr 126, 3090-3099.
52. Gous RM (1980) An improved method for measuring the response of broiler chickens to increasing dietary concentrations of an amino acid. In Proceedings of the 6th European Poultry Conference, vol. III, pp. 32-39. Hamburg: World's Poultry Science Association.
53. Gustafson JM, Dodds SJ, Rudquist J, Kelley J, Ayers S & Mercer LP (1984) Food intake and weight gain responses to graded amino acid deficiencies in rats. Nutr Rep Int 30, 1019-1025.
54. Hara TJ, Macdonald S, Evans RE, Marui T & Arai S (1984) Morpholine, bile acids and skin mucus as possible chemical cues in salmonid homing: electrophysiological re-evaluation. In Mechanisms of Migration in Fishes, pp. 363-378 [JD McCleave, GP Arnold, JJ Dodson and WH Neill, editors]. New York: Plenum.
55. Hauler RC & Carter CG (2001a) Reevaluation of the quantitative dietary lysine requirements of fish. Rev Fish Sci 9, 133-163.
56. Hauler RC & Carter CG (2001b) Lysine deposition responds linearly to marginal lysine intake in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr. Aquac Res 32, Suppl. 1, 147-156.
57. Heger J & Frydrych Z (1985) Efficiency of utilisation of essential amino acids in growing rats at different levels on intake. Br J Nutr 54, 499-508.
58. Hendricks WH (2003) Canine and feline amino acid requirements for different physiological functions. In Amino acids in Animal Nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 411-426 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
59. Hendricks WH, Moughan PJ & Tarttelin MF (1996) Gut endogenous nitrogen and amino acid excretions in adult domestic cats using a protein-free diet or an enzymatically hydrolyzed casein-based diet. J Nutr 126, 955-962.
60. Houlihan DF, Carter CG & McCarty ID (1995) Protein synthesis in fish. In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, vol. 4, Metabolic Biochemistry, pp. 191-220 [PW Hochachka and TP Mommsen, editors]. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
61. Keembiyehetty CN & Gatlin DM III (1997) Dietary threonine requirement of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops ♀ x M. saxatilis ♂). Aquaculture Nutrition 3, 217-221.
62. Kidd MT, Kerr BJ & Anthony NB (1997) Dietary interaction between lysine and threonine in broilers. Poultry Sci 76, 608-614.
63. Mambrini M (1996) Besoins en acides aminés des poissons: détermination des besoins en acides amines soufrés pour l'entretien et l'accrétion protéique (Amino acid requirements in fish: determination of sulfur amino acids requirements for maintenance and for protein accretion). In Journées Nutrition des Poissons INRA-IFREMER 21-22.02.96, pp. 17-20. Saint-Pée sur Nivelle: INRA, Unité mixte INRA-IFREMER de Nutrition des Poissons.
64. Mambrini M & Kaushik SJ (1994) Partial replacement of dietary protein nitrogen with dispensable amino acids in diets of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Comp Biochem Physiol 109A 469-477.
65. Mambrini M & Kaushik SJ (1995) Effect of temperature on sulfur amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth of juvenile rainbow trout. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, pp. 117-122 [AF Nunes, AV Portugal, JP Costa and JR Ribeiro, editors]. Oeiras, Portugal: INIA.
66. Mambrini M & Seudre L (1995) Sulfur amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth of juvenile rainbow trout. Reprod Nutr Dév 35, 603-604.
67. Mercer LP (1982) The quantitative nutrient-response relationship. J Nutr 112, 560-566.
68. Morris TR, Al-Azzawi K, Gous RM & Jackson GL (1987) Effects of protein concentration on responses to dietary lysine by chicks. Br Poult Sci 33, 185-195.
69. National Research Council (1993) Nutrients Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
70. Nose T (1979) Summary report on the requirement of essential amino acids for carp. In Proceedings of the World Symposium on Finfish Nutrition and Finfish Technology, vol. 1, pp. 145-156 [JE Halver and JE Tiews, editors]. Berlin: Heenemann.
71. Ooghe W (1983) On the influence of hydrogen peroxide on the amino acid composition of foodstuffs. In Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Food Chemistry, Euro Food Chem II, pp. 315-321. Rome: The Federation of European Chemical Societies, Working Party on Food Chemistry and the Italian Society for Food Science.
72. Pack M, Hoehler D & Lemme A (2003) Economic assessment of amino acid responses in growing poultry. In Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 459-483 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
73. Perry SF & Laurent P (1993) Environmental effects of fish gill structure and function. In Fish Ecophysiology, pp. 231-264 [JC Rankin and FB Jensen, editors]. London: Chapman & Hall.
74. Ravi J & Devaraj KV (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid requirements for growth of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton). Aquaculture 96, 281-291.
75. Rodehutscord M, Becker A, Pack M & Pfeffer E (1997) Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to supplements of individual essential amino acids in a semipurified diet, including an estimate of the maintenance requirement for essential amino acids. J Nutr 127, 1166-1175.
76. Rodehutscord M, Borchert F, Gregus Z, Pack M & Pfeffer E (2002) Availability and utilization of free lysine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I. Effect of dietary crude protein level. Aquaculture 187, 163-176.
77. Rodehutscord M, Jacobs S, Pack M & Pfeffer E (1995a) Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growing from 50 to 150 g to supplements of DL-methionine in a semipurified diet containing low or high levels of cystine. J Nutr 125, 964-969.
78. Rodehutscord M, Jacobs S, Pack M & Pfeffer E (1995b) Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growing from 50 to 170 g to supplements of either L-arginine or L-threonine in a semipurified diet. J Nutr 125, 970-975.
79. Rodehutscord M & Pack M (1999) Estimates of essential amino acid requirements from dose-response studies with rainbow trout and broiler chicken: effect of mathematical model. Arch Anim Nutr 52, 223-244.
80. Rollin X (1999) Etude critique des besoins en acides aminés indispensables de l'alevin de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L.) (Critical study of the indispensable amino acids requirements in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry). PhD Thesis, Université catholique de Louvain.
81. Rollin X, Mambrini M, Abboudi T, Larondelle Y & Kaushik S (2003a) The optimum dietary indispensable amino acid pattern for growing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry. Br J Nutr 90, 865-876.
82. Rollin X, Peng J, Pham D, Ackman RG & Larondelle Y (2003b) The effects of dietary lipid and strain difference on polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and conversion in anadromous and land-locked salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr. Comp Biochem Physiol 134B 349-366.
83. Rønnestad I, Conceição LE, Aragão C & Dinis MT (2000) Free amino acids are absorbed faster and assimilated more efficiently than protein in postlarval Senegal sole. J Nutr 130, 2809-2812.
84. Rønnestad I, Conceição LE, Aragão C & Dinis MT (2001a) Assimilation and catabolism of dispensable and indispensable free amino acids in post-larval Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis). Comp Biochem Physiol 130C, 461-466.
85. Rønnestad I, Rojas-García CR, Tonheim SK & Conceição LE (2001b) In vivo studies of digestion and nutrient assimilation in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture 201, 161-175.
86. Rust MB (1995) Quantitative aspects of nutrient assimilation in six species of fish larvae. PhD Thesis, Seattle: University of Washington, School of Fisheries.
87. Rust MB, Hardy RW & Stickney RR (1993) A new method for force-feeding larval fish. Aquaculture 116, 341-352.
88. Said AK & Hegsted DM (1970) Response of adult rats to low dietary levels of essential amino acids. J Nutr 100, 1363-1375.
89. Saldana CI, Knabe DA, Owen KQ, Burgoon KG & Gregg EJ (1994) Digestible threonine requirements of starter and finisher pigs. J Anim Sci 72, 144-150.
90. Shearer K (1995) The use of factorial modeling to determine the dietary requirements for essential elements in fishes. Aquaculture 133, 57-72.
91. Sokal RR & Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry: the Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Freeman and Company.
92. Tacon AGJ & Cowey CB (1985) Protein and amino acid requirements. In Fish Energetics: New Perspectives, pp. 155-183 [P Tytler and P Calow, editors]. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
93. Tibaldi E & Tulli F (1999) Dietary threonine requirement of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture 175, 155-166.
94. Titchenal CA, Rogers QR, Indrieri RJ & Morris JG (1980) Threonine imbalance, deficiency and neurologic dysfunction in the kitten. J Nutr 110, 2444-2459.
95. Weatherley AH & Gill HS (1983) Relative growth of tissues at different somatic growth rates in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. J Fish Biol 22, 43-60.
96. Webel DM, Fernandez SR, Parson CM & Baker DH (1996) Threonine requirement of broiler chickens during the period 3 to 6 and 6 to 8 weeks posthatching. Poultry Sci 75, 1253-1257.
97. Wilson RP (2002) Amino acids and proteins. In Fish Nutrition, 3rd ed., pp. 143-179 [JE Halver, editor]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
98. Wilson RP (2003) Amino acid requirements of finfish and crustaceans. In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 427-447 [JPF D'Mello, editor]. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
99. Wilson RP, Allen OW, Robinson EH & Poe WE (1978) Tryptophan and threonine requirements of fingerling channel catfish. J Nutr 108, 1595-1599.
100. Wilson RP, Poe WE & Robinson EH (1981) Apparent and true availability of amino acids from common feed ingredients for channel catfish. J Nutr 111, 923-929.
101. Yokogoshi H & Yoshida A (1976) Some factors affecting the nitrogen sparing action of methionine and threonine in rats fed a protein free diet. J Nutr 106, 48-57.
102. Yoshida A & Moritoki K (1974) Nitrogen sparing action of methionine and threonine in rats receiving a protein free diet. Nutr Rep Int 9, 159-168.