Stagnation and generativity: Structure, validity, and differential relationships with adaptive and maladaptive personality

Journal of Personality

Volumn 74, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 543-574

  Van Hiel, Alain ^a,b   Mervielde, Ivan ^a   De Fruyt, Filip ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^b and Social Psychology ^*  (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33644888015     PISSN: 00223506     EISSN: 14676494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00384.x     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory as an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In B. N. Petrov & F. Csaksi (Eds.), Second International Symposium on Information Theory (pp. 267-281). Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary.
2. Angleitner, A., Ostendorf, F., & John, O. (1990). Towards a taxonomy of personality descriptors in German: A psycho-lexical study. European Journal of Personality, 4, 89-118.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
4. Asendorpf, J. B., Borkenau, P., Ostendorf, F., & Van Aken, M. A. G. (2001). Carving personality description as its joints: Confirmation of three replicable personality prototypes for both children and adults. European Journal of Personality, 15, 169-198.
5. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
6. Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39-101). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ.
7. Bosma, H. A., & Kunnen, E. S. (2001). Determinants and mechanisms in ego identity development: A review and synthesis. Developmental Review, 21, 39-66.
8. Bradley, C. L. (1996). Generativity status measure. Interview and scoring manual. Unpublished manuscript, Simon Fraser University.
9. Bradley, C. L. (1997). Generativity-stagnation: Development of a status model. Developmental Review, 17, 262-290.
10. Bradley, C. L., & Marcia, J. E. (1998). Generativity-stagnation: A five-category model. Journal of Personality. 66, 39-64.
11. Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology. 2: Methodology (pp. 389-444). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
12. Clark, L. A. (1993a). Manual for the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
13. Clark, L. A. (1993b). Personality disorders diagnosis: Limitations of the Five-Factor Model. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 100-104.
14. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEO PI-R, Professional manual: Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
15. De Fruyt, F., Mervielde, I., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2002). The consistency of personality type classification across samples and five-factor measures. European Journal of Personality, 16, S57-S72.
16. De St.Aubin, E., & McAdams, D. P. (1995). The relations of generative concern and generative action to personality traits, satisfaction/happiness with life, and ego development. Journal of Adult Development. 2, 99-112.
17. Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the Five-Factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.
18. Efklides, A., Kalaitzidou, M., & Chankin, G. (2003). Subjective quality of life in old age in Greece - The effect of demographic factors, emotional state, and adaptation to aging. European Psychologist, 8, 178-191.
19. Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.
20. Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
21. Erikson, E. H., Erikson, J. M., & Kivnick, H. Q. (1986). Vital involvement in old age: The experience of old age in our time. New York: Norton.
22. Evans, R. L. (1981). Dialogue with Erik Erikson. New York: Praeger.
23. Hamachek, D. (1990). Evaluating self-concept and ego status in Erikson's last three psychosocial stages. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68, 677-683.
24. Hart, H. M., McAdams, D. P., Hirsch, B. J., & Bauer, J. J. (2002). Generativity and social involvement among African Americans and white adults. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 208-230.
25. Hayduk, L. A. (1996). LISREL: Issues, debates and strategies. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
26. Hoekstra, H. A., Ormel, H., & DeFruyt, F. (1996). NEO Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijsten: NEO-PI-R & NEO-FFI. Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
27. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modelling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424-453.
28. Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. New York: Guilford Press.
29. Kotre, J. (1984). Outliving the self: Generativity and the interpretation of lives. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
30. Krueger, R. F., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1998). The structure and stability of common mental disorders (DSM III-R): A longitudinal-epidemiological study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 216-227.
31. Livesley, W. J. (1990). Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
32. Livesley, W. J., Jackson, D. N., & Schroeder, M. L. (1992). Factorial structure of traits delineating personality disorders in clinical and general population samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 432-440.
33. Livesley, W. J., Jang, K. L., & Vernon, P. A. (1998). Phenotypic and genetic structure of traits delineating personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 941-948,
34. Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551-558.
35. MacCallum, R. C., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Applications of structural equation modelling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 201-226.
36. McAdams, D. P., & de St.Aubin, E. (1992). A theory of generativity and its assessment through self-report, behavioral acts, and narrative themes in autobiography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1003-1015.
37. McAdams, D. P., de St.Aubin, E., & Logan, R. L. (1993). Generativity among young, midlife, and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 8, 221-230.
38. McAdams, D. P., Diamond, A., de St.Aubin, E., & Mansfield, E. (1997). Stories of commitment: The psychological construction of generative lives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 678-694.
39. Mervielde, I. (2000). The structure of adaptive and maladaptive personality traits in adolescence and adulthood. European Psychiatry, 15, 43-43.
40. Mervielde, I., De Clercq, B., De Fruyt, F., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2005). Temperament, personality and developmental psychopathology as childhood antecedents of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19 (Suppl. 1), 171-201.
41. Ochse, R., & Plug, C. (1986). Cross-cultural investigation of the validity of Erikson's theory of personality development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1240-1252.
42. Peterson, B. E. (2002). Longitudinal analysis of midlife generativity, intergenerational roles, and care giving. Psychology and Aging, 17, 161-168.
43. Peterson, B. E., & Klohnen, E. C. (1995). Realization of generativity in two samples of women at midlife. Psychology and Aging, 10, 20-29.
44. Peterson, B. E., Smirles, K. A., & Wenthworth, P. A. (1997). Generativity and authoritarianism: Implications for personality, political involvement, and parenting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1202-1216.
45. Peterson, B. E., & Stewart, A. J. (1996). Antecedents and contexts of generativity motivation at midlife. Psychology and Aging, 11, 21-33.
46. Pratt, M. W., Danso, H. E., Arnold, M. L., Norris, J. E., & Filyer, R. (2001). Adult generativity and the socialization of adolescents: Relations to mothers' and fathers' parenting beliefs, styles, and practices. Journal of Personality, 69, 89-120.
47. Pratt, M. W., Norris, J. E., Arnold, M. L., & Filyer, R. (1999). Generativity and moral development as predictors of value-socialization narratives for young persons across the adult life span: From lessons learned to stories shared. Psychology and Aging, 14, 414-426.
48. Pukrop, R. (2002). Dimensional personality profiles of borderline personality disorders in comparison with other personality disorders and healthy controls. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16, 135-147.
49. Riegel, K. F. (1975). Toward a therory of human development. Human Development, 18, 50-64.
50. Riegel, K. F. (1976). Dialectics of human development. American Psychologist, 31, 689-700.
51. Reynolds, S. K., & Clark, L. A. (2001). Predicting dimensions of personality disorder from domains and facets of the Five-Factor model. Journal of Personality, 69, 199-222.
52. Schroeder, M. L., Wormworth, J. A., & Livesley, W. J. (1994). Dimensions of personality disorder and the five-factor model of personality. In P. T. Costa Jr. & T. A. Widiger (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality (pp. 117-127). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
53. Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: an interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 173-180.
54. Van de Water, D. A., & McAdams, P. M. (1989). Generativity and Erikson's "Belief in the species." Journal of Research in Personality, 23, 435-449.
55. Van Hiel, A., & Cornelis, I. (2005). Een meetinstrument voor individuele ver schulen in generativiteit [A measurement instrument for individual differences in generativity]. Manuscript submitted for publication.
56. Van Leeuwen, K., De Fruyt, F., & Mervielde, I. (2004). A longitudinal study of the utility of the resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled personality types as predictors of children's and adolescent's problem behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 210-220.
57. Van Leeuwen, K. G., Mervielde, I., Braet, C., & Bosmans, G. (2004). Child personality and parental behavior as moderators of problem behavior: Variable and person-centered approaches. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1028-1046.
58. Van Leeuwen, K. G., & Vermulst, A. A. (2004). Some psychometric properties of the Ghent Parental Behavior Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20, 283-298.
59. Wink, P., & Dillon, M. (2003). Religiousness, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychology and Aging, 19, 916-924.