Efficacy of Frequent Mantram Repetition on Stress, Quality of Life, and Spiritual Well-Being in Veterans: A Pilot Study

Journal of Holistic Nursing

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 395-414

  Bormann, Jill E ^a   Smith, Tom L ^b   Becker, Sheryl ^c   Gershwin, Madeline ^c   Pada, Laureen ^c   Grudzinski, Ann H ^d   Nurmi, Elizabeth A ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^d SCRIPPS MERCY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

mind body therapy; pilot study; quality of life; spirituality; stress; veterans

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANGER; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEDITATION; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PILOT STUDY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIGION; SPIRITUAL HEALING; STATISTICS; VETERAN;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANGER; FAITH HEALING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEDITATION; MIDDLE AGED; MIND-BODY RELATIONS (METAPHYSICS); OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT SATISFACTION; PILOT PROJECTS; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUESTIONNAIRES; SPIRITUALITY; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; VETERANS;

EID: 33644873176     PISSN: 08980101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0898010105278929     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Aguirre, M. G. (1998). Health-related quality-of-life in men with HIV disease. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles.
2. Astin, J. A., Shaprio, S. L., Eisenberg, D. M., & Forys, K. L. (2003). Mind-body medicine: State of the science, implications for practice. Journal of American Board of Family Practitioners, 16(2), 131-147.
3. Baldwin, C. M., Long, K., Kroesen, K., Brooks, A. J., & Bell, I. R. (2002). Aprofile of military veterans in the southwestern United States who use complementary and alternative medicine. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 1697-1704.
4. Benson, H. (1983). The relaxation response: Its subjective and objective historical precedents and physiology. Trends in Neurosciences, 6(7), 281-284.
5. Benson, H. (1989). The relaxation response and norepinephrine: Anew study illuminates mechanisms. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy& Hypnosis, 10(2), 91-96.
6. Benson, H. (1993). The relaxation response. In D. Goleman & J. Gurin (Eds.), Mind/body medicine: How to use your mind for better health(pp. 233-257). Yonkers, NY: Consumer Reports.
7. Benson, H. (1996). Timeless healing. New York: Scriber.
8. Bernardi, L., Sleight, P., Bandinelli, G., Cencetti, S., Fattorini, L., Wdowczyc-Szulc, J., et al. (2001). Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: Comparative study. British Medical Journal, 323, 1446-1449.
9. Bormann, J. E. (2005). Frequent, silent mantram repetition: A jacuzzi for the mind. Topics in Emergency Medicine, 27(2), 163-166.
10. Brady, M. J., Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Mo, M.,& Cella, D. (1999). Acase for including spirituality in quality of life measurement in oncology. Psycho-Oncology, 8(5), 417-428.
11. Bufford, R. K., Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1991). Norms for the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 19, 56-70.
12. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences(2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
13. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
14. Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. M. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan (Ed.), The social psychology of health: The Claremont symposium on applied social psychology(pp. 31-67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15. Cruess, D. G., Antoni, M. H., Kumar, M., & Schneiderman, N. (2000). Reductions in salivary cortisol are associated with mood improvement during relaxation training among HIV-seropositive men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(2), 107-121.
16. Derogatis, L. R. (1993). Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedures manual(4th ed.). Minnetonka, MN: NCS Pearson.
17. Domanico, R., & Crawford, I. (2000). Psychological distress among HIVimpacted African-American and Latino males. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 19(1), 55-78.
18. Earl, W., Flinders, R., Flahive, M., Ruppenthal, B.,& Bartholow, B. (1990). Efficacy of psychosocial adjustment to HIV infection: Distinguishing between group interventions in a longitudinal cohort of gay and bisexual men. Paper presented at the International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco.
19. Easwaran, E. (1997). Meditation. Tomales, CA: Nilgiri.
20. Easwaran, E. (2001). The mantram handbook. (4th ed.). Tomales, CA: Nilgiri.
21. Eller, L. S. (1995). Effects of two cognitive-behavioral interventions on immunity and symptoms in persons with HIV. Annuls of Behavioral Medicine, 17, 339-348.
22. Eller, L. S. (1999). Effects of cognitive-behavioral interventions on quality of life in persons with HIV. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 36, 223-233.
23. Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330-340.
24. Endicott, J., Nee, J., Harrison, W., & Blumenthal, R. (1993). Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: A new measure. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 29(2), 321-326.
25. Fabbro, F., Muzur, A., Bellen, R., Calacione, R., & Bava, A. (1999). Effects of praying and a working memory task in participants trained in meditation and controls on the occurrence of spontaneous thoughts. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 88(3, Pt. 1), 765-770.
26. Flinders, R., Gershwin, M., & Flinders, T. (1994). The RISE response: Illness, wellness, and spirituality. New York: Crossroads.
27. Fostner, J. J. (1997). The relationship between meaning of illness and coping in HIVpositive patients. Berkeley: California School of Professional Psychology.
28. Friedman, R., Sedler, M., Myers, P.,& Benson, H. (1997). Behavioral medicine, complementary medicine, and integrated care: Economic implications. Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice, 24(4), 949-962.
29. Friedman, R., Sobel, D., Myers, P., Caudill, M., & Benson, H. (1995). Behavioral medicine, clinical health psychology, and cost offset. Health Psychology, 14, 509-518.
30. Gelfin, Y., Gorfine, M., & Lerer, B. (1998). Effect of clinical doses of fluoxetine on psychological variables in healthy volunteers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(2), 290-292.
31. Hall, B. A. (1998). Patterns of spirituality in persons with advanced HIV disease. Research in Nursing & Health, 21, 143-153.
32. Horowitz, M. J. (1986). Stress-response syndromes: Areview of posttraumatic and adjustment disorders. Hospital& Community Psychiatry, 37(3), 241-249.
33. Horowitz, M. J., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41(3), 209-218.
34. Jacobs, G. D. (2001a). Clinical applications of the relaxation response and mind-body interventions. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 7(Suppl. 1), S93-S101.
35. Jacobs, G. D. (2001b). The physiology of mind-body interactions: The stress response and the relaxation response. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 7(Suppl. 1), S83-S92.
36. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33-47.
37. Kabat-Zinn, J., & Chapman-Waldrop, A. (1988). Compliance with an outpatient stress reduction program: Rates and predictors of program completion. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11(4), 333-352.
38. Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K. E., Pbert, L., et al. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(7), 936-943.
39. Kabat-Zinn, J., Wheeler, E., Light, T., Skillings, A., Scharf, M. J., Cropley, T. G., et al. (1998). Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA). Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(5), 625-632.
40. Kazis, L. E., Miller, D. R., Clark, J., Skinner, K., Lee, A., Rogers, W., et al. (1998). Health-related quality of life in patients served by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 626-632.
41. Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Handbook of religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press.
42. Life Advance. (2003). The Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Retrieved February 3, 2003, from http://www.lifeadvance.com/swbs.htm
43. Muldoon, M., & King, N. (1995). Spirituality, health care, and bioethics. Journal of Religion and Health, 34(4), 329-349.
44. Mytko, J., & Knight, S. J. (1999). Body, mind and spirit: Towards the integration of religiosity and spirituality in cancer quality of life research. Psychooncology, 8, 439-450.
45. Oman, D.,& Driskill, J. D. (2003). Holy name repetition as a spiritual exercise and therapeutic technique. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 22(1), 5-19.
46. Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being and quality of life. In P. A. Perlman (Ed.), Loneliness: Asourcebook for current therapy: Wiley-Interscience.
47. Pbert, L., Doerfler, L. A., & DeCosimo, D. (1992). An evaluation of the perceived stress scale in two clinical populations. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 14, 363-375.
48. Peniston, E. G. (1986). EMG biofeedback-assisted desensitization treatment for Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Biofeedback and Health: An International Journal, 9, 35-41.
49. Proulx, K. (2003). Integrating mindfulness-based stress reduction. Holistic Nursing Practice, 17(4), 201-208.
50. Schneider, R. H., Staggers, F., Alexander, C. N., Sheppard, W., Rainforth, M., Kondwani, K., et al. (1995). Arandomised controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans. Hypertension, 26(5), 820-827.
51. Sobel, D. S. (2000). Mind matters, money matters: The cost-effectiveness of mind/body medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(13), 1705-1705.
52. Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Current trends in theory and research on anxiety. In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research(Vol. 1, pp. 3–19). New York: Academic Press.
53. Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists.
54. Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G., Russel, S.,& Crane, R. (1983). Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment(Vol. 2, pp. 159–187). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
55. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, J. A., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Conference of ISTSS, San Antonio, TX.
56. Winzelberg, A. J., & Luskin, F. M. (1999). The effect of a meditation program on the level of stress in secondary school student teachers. Stress Medicine, 15(2), 69-77.