Interleukin 1 and interleukin 18 as mediators of inflammation and the aging process

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 83, Issue 2, 2006, Pages

  Dinarello, Charles A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Atherosclerosis; Cytokines; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID A PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; AUTACOID;

AGING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CONFERENCE PAPER; CYTOKINE RELEASE; GENE MUTATION; HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE 3; INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; AGED; DRUG ANTAGONISM; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALIA;

AGED; AGING; CASPASE 1; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; INTERLEUKIN-1; INTERLEUKIN-18; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 33644854500     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.447s     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (109)

1. Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1. Rev Infect Dis 1984;6:51-95.
2. Lomedico PT, Gubler R, Hellmann CP, et al. Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli. Nature 1984;312:458-62.
3. Auron PE, Webb AC, Rosenwasser LJ, et al. Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984;81:7907-11.
4. Dinarello CA, Cannon JG, Mier JW, et al. Multiple biological activities of human recombinant interleukin 1. J Clin Invest 1986;77:1734-9.
5. Cannon JG, Nerad JL, Poutsiaka DD, Dinarello CA. Measuring circulating cytokines. J Appl Physiol 1993;75:1897-902.
6. Cannon JG, van der Meer JW, Kwiatkowski D, et al. Interleukin-1 beta in human plasma: optimization of blood collection, plasma extraction, and radioimmunoassay methods. Lymphokine Res 1988;7:457-67.
7. Dinarello CA. Biological basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood 1996;87:2095-147.
8. Crown J, Jakubowski A, Gabrilove J. Interleukin-1: biological effects in human hematopoiesis. Leuk Lymphoma 1993;9:433-40.
9. Smith JW, Longo D, Alford WG, et al. The effects of treatment with interleukin-1α on platelet recovery after high-dose carboplatin. N Engl J Med 1993;328:756-61.
10. Hellerstein MK, Meydani SN, Meydani M, Wu K, Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1-induced anorexia in the rat. Influence of prostaglandins. J Clin Invest 1989;84:228-35.
11. Mrosovsky N, Molony LA, Conn CA, Kluger MJ. Anorexic effects of interleukin-1 in the rat. Am J Physiol 1989;257:R1315-21.
12. Swiergiel AH, Smagin GN, Johnson LJ, Dunn AJ. The role of cytokines in the behavioral responses to endotoxin and influenza virus infection in mice: effects of acute and chronic administration of the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Brain Res 1997;776:96-104.
13. Josephs MD, Solorzano CC, Taylor M, et al. Modulation of the acute phase response by altered expression of the IL-1 type 1 receptor or IL-1ra. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000;278:R824-30.
14. Zheng H, Fletcher D, Kozak W, et al. Resistance to fever induction and impaired acute-phase response in interleukin-1β deficient mice. Immunity 1995;3:9-19.
15. Roubenoff R, Roubenoff RA, Cannon JG, et al. Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. J Clin Invest 1994;93:2379-86.
16. Roubenoff R, Parise H, Payette HA, et al. Cytokines, insulin-like growth factor 1, sarcopenia, and mortality in very old community-dwelling men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Med 2003;115:429-35.
17. Fisher CJJ, Slotman GJ, Opal SM, et al. Initial evaluation of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of sepsis syndrome: a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Crit Care Med 1994;22:12-21.
18. Pascual V, Allantaz F, Arce E, Punaro M, Banchereau J. Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade. J Exp Med 2005;201:1479-86.
19. Bresnihan B, Alvaro-Gracia JM, Cobby M, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:2196-204.
20. Endres S, Cannon JG, Ghorbani R, et al. In vitro production of IL-1β, IL-1α, TNF, and IL-2 in healthy subjects: distribution, effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition and evidence of independent gene regulation. Eur J Immunol 1989;19:2327-33.
21. Meydani SN, Endres S, Woods MM, et al. Oral (n-3) fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation: comparison between young and older women. J Nutr 1990;121:547-55.
22. Meydani SN, Lichtenstein AH, Cornwall S, et al. Immunological effects of national cholesterol education panel (NCEP) Step-2 diets with and without fish-derived n-3 fatty acid enrichment. J Clin Invest 1993;92:105-13.
23. Aksentijevich I, Nowak M, Mallah M, et al. De novo CIAS1 mutations, cytokine activation, and evidence for genetic heterogeneity in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID): a new member of the expanding family of pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:3340-8.
24. Hawkins PN, Lachmann HJ, Aganna E, McDermott MF. Spectrum of clinical features in Muckle-Wells syndrome and response to anakinra. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:607-12.
25. Hoffman HM, Rosengren S, Boyle DL, et al. Prevention of cold-associated acute inflammation in familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents. Lancet 2004;364:1779-85.
26. Fitzgerald AA, Leclercq SA, Yan A, Homik JE, Dinarello CA. Rapid responses to anakinra in patients with refractory adult-onset Still's disease. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1794-803.
27. Hoffman HM, Mueller JL, Broide DH, Wanderer AA, Kolodner RD. Mutation of a new gene encoding a putative pyrin-like protein causes familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and Muckle-Wells syndrome. Nat Genet 2001;29:301-5.
28. Hoffman HM, Gregory SG, Mueller JL, et al. Fine structure mapping of CIAS1: identification of an ancestral haplotype and a common FCAS mutation, L353P. Hum Genet 2003;112:209-16.
29. Agostini L, Martinon F, Burns K, McDermott MF, Hawkins PN, Tschopp J. NALP3 forms an IL-1β processing inflammasome with increased activity in Muckle-Wells auto-inflammatory disorder. Immunity 2004;20:319-25.
30. Frenkel J, Wulffrant NM, Kuis W. Anakinra in mutation-negative NOMID-CINCA syndrome: comment on articles by Hawkins et al and Hoffman and Patel. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3738-9.
31. Dierselhuis MP, Frenkel J, Wulffraat NM, Boelens JJ. Anakinra for flares of pyogenic arthritis in PAPA syndrome. Rheumatology 2005;44:406-8.
32. Shoham NG, Centola M, Mansfield E, et al. Pyrin binds the PSTPIP1/CD2BP1 protein, defining familial Mediterranean fever and PAPA syndrome as disorders in the same pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:13501-6.
33. Chae JJ, Komarow HD, Cheng J, et al. Targeted disruption of pyrin, the FMF protein, causes heightened sensitivity to endotoxin and a defect in macrophage apoptosis. Mol Cell 2003;11:591-604.
34. Fitzgerald AA, Leclercq SA, Yan A, Homik JE, Dinarello CA. Rapid responses to anakinra in patients with refractory adult-onset Still's disease. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1794-803.
35. Lovell DJ, Bowyer SL. Interleukin-1 blockade by anakinra improves clinical symptoms in patients with neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease. Arthritis Rheum 2003;52:1283-86.
36. Nakamura K, Okamura H, Wada M, Nagata K, Tamura T. Endotoxin-induced serum factor that stimulates gamma interferon production. Infect Immun 1989;57:590-5.
37. Okamura H, Tsutsui H, Komatsu T, et al. Cloning of a new cytokine that induces interferon-γ. Nature 1995;378:88-91.
38. Gatti S, Beck J, Fantuzzi G, Bartfai T, Dinarello CA. Effect of interleukin-18 on mouse core body temperature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002;282:R702-9.
39. Li S, Goorha S, Ballou LR, Blatteis CM. Intracerebroventricular interleukin-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta and IL-18: pyrogenic and PGE(2)-mediated? Brain Res 2003;992:76-84.
40. Reznikov LL, Kim SH, Westcott JY, et al. IL-18 binding protein increases spontaneous and IL-1-induced prostaglandin production via inhibition of IFN-gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:2174-9.
41. Lee JK, Kim SH, Lewis EC, Azam T, Reznikov LL, Dinarello CA. Differences in signaling pathways by IL-1beta and IL-18. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:8815-20.
42. Lotze MT, Osaki T, Peron J-M, Shurin B, Baar J, Tahra H. Cytokines which induce interferon-γ, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18: regulation of tumor immunity. J Leuk Biol 1997;25(abstr).
43. Osaki T, Peron JM, Cai Q, et al. IFN-gamma-inducing factor/IL-18 administration mediates IFN-gamma- and IL-12-independent antitumor effects. J Immunol 1998;160:1742-9.
44. Novick D, Kim S-H, Fantuzzi G, Reznikov L, Dinarello CA, Rubinstein M. Interleukin-18 binding protein: a novel modulator of the Th1 cytokine response. Immunity 1999;10:127-36.
45. Novick D, Schwartsburd B, Pinkus R, et al. A novel IL-18BP ELISA shows elevated serum IL-18BP in sepsis and extensive decrease of free IL-18. Cytokine 2001;14:334-42.
46. Kim S-H, Eisenstein M, Reznikov L, et al. Structural requirements of six naturally occurring isoforms of the interleukin-18 binding protein to inhibit interleukin-18. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:1190-5.
47. Coeshott C, Ohnemus C, Pilyavskaya A, et al. Converting enzymeindependent release of TNFα and IL-1β from a stimulated human monocytic cell line in the presence of activated neutrophils or purified proteinase-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:6261-6.
48. Sugawara S, Uehara A, Nochi T, et al. Neutrophil proteinase 3-mediated induction of bioactive IL-18 secretion by human oral epithelial cells. J Immunol 2001;167:6568-75.
49. Faggioni R, Cattley RC, Guo J, et al. IL-18-binding protein protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality and prevents the development of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated models of liver disease in mice. J Immunol 2001;167:5913-20.
50. Tsutsui H, Kayagaki N, Kuida K, et al. Caspase-1-independent, Fas/Fas ligand-mediated IL-18 secretion from macrophages causes acute liver injury in mice. Immunity 1999;11:359-67.
51. Pomerantz BJ, Reznikov LL, Harken AH, Dinarello CA. Inhibition of caspase 1 reduces human myocardial ischemic dysfunction via inhibition of IL-18 and IL-1beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:2871-6.
52. Melnikov VY, Ecder T, Fantuzzi G, et al. Impaired IL-18 processing protects caspase-1-deficient mice from ischemic acute renal failure. J Clin Invest 2001;107:1145-52.
53. Kato Z, Jee J, Shikano H, et al. The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18. Nat Struct Biol 2003;10:966-71.
54. Azam T, Novick D, Bufler P, et al. Identification of a critical Ig-like domain in IL-18 receptor alpha and characterization of a functional IL-18 receptor complex. J Immunol 2003;171:6574-80.
55. Reznikov LL, Kim SH, Zhou L, et al. The combination of soluble IL-18Ra and IL-18Rb chains inhibits IL-18-induced IFN-γ. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2002;22:593-601.
56. Kumar S, McDonnell PC, Lehr R, et al. Identification and initial characterization of four novel members of the interleukin-1 family. J Biol Chem 2000;275:10308-14.
57. Pan G, Risser P, Mao W, et al. IL-1H, an interleukin 1-related protein that binds IL-18 receptor/IL-1Rrp. Cytokine 2001;13:1-7.
58. Kumar S, Hanning CR, Brigham-Burke MR, et al. Interleukin-1F7B (IL-1H4/IL-1F7) is processed by caspase-1 and mature IL-1F7B binds to the IL-18 receptor but does not induce IFN-gamma production. Cytokine 2002;18:61-71.
59. Bufler P, Azam T, Gamboni-Robertson F, et al. A complex of the IL-1 homologue IL-1F7b and IL-18-binding protein reduces IL-18 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:13723-8.
60. Novick D, Engelmann H, Wallach D, Leitner O, Revel M, Rubinstein M. Purification of soluble cytokine receptors from normal human urine by ligand-affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography. J Chromatogr 1990;510:331-7.
61. Kim SH, Azam T, Novick D, et al. Identification of amino acid residues critical for biological activity in human interleukin-18. J Biol Chem 2002;277:10998-1003. Epub 2002 Jan 14.
62. Hurgin V, Novick D, Rubinstein M. The promoter of IL-18 binding protein: activation by an IFN-gamma-induced complex of IFN regulatory factor 1 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:16957-62.
63. Paulukat J, Bosmann M, Nold M, et al. Expression and release of IL-18 binding protein in response to IFNγ. J Immunol 2001;167:7038-43.
64. Fantuzzi G, Reed D, Qi M, Scully S, Dinarello CA, Senaldi G. Role of interferon regulatory factor-1 in the regulation of IL-18 production and activity. Eur J Immunol 2001;31:369-75.
65. Siegmund B, Sennello JA, Lehr HA, Senaldi G, Dinarello CA, Fantuzzi G. Interferon regulatory factor-1 as a protective gene in intestinal inflammation: role of TCR gamma delta T cells and interleukin-18-binding protein. Eur J Immunol 2004;34:2356-64.
66. Xiang Y, Moss B. Correspondence of the functional epitopes of poxvirus and human interleukin-18-binding proteins. J Virol 2001;75:9947-54.
67. Xiang Y, Moss B. Determination of the functional epitopes of human interleukin-18-binding protein by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2001;276:17380-6.
68. Joosten LA, van De Loo FA, Lubberts E, et al. An IFN-gamma-independent proinflammatory role of IL-18 in murine streptococcal cell wall arthritis. J Immunol 2000;165:6553-8.
69. Carrascal MT, Mendoza L, Valcarcel M, et al. Interleukin-18 binding protein reduces b16 melanoma hepatic metastasis by neutralizing adhesiveness and growth factors of sinusoidal endothelium. Cancer Res 2003;63:491-7.
70. Siegmund B, Fantuzzi G, Rieder F, et al. Neutralization of interleukin-18 reduces severity in murine colitis and intestinal IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001;281:R1264-73.
71. Sivakumar PV, Westrich GM, Kanaly S, et al. Interleukin 18 is a primary mediator of the inflammation associated with dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis: blocking interleukin 18 attenuates intestinal damage. Gut 2002;50:812-20.
72. Siegmund B, Lehr HA, Fantuzzi G, Dinarello CA. IL-1beta -converting enzyme (caspase-1) in intestinal inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:13249-54.
73. Ten Hove T, Corbaz A, Amitai H, et al. Blockade of endogenous IL-18 ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis by decreasing local TNF-alpha production in mice. Gastroenterology 2001;121:1372-9.
74. Wirtz S, Becker C, Blumberg R, Galle PR, Neurath MF. Treatment of T cell-dependent experimental colitis in SCID mice by local administration of an adenovirus expressing IL-18 antisense mRNA. J Immunol 2002;168:411-20.
75. Plater-Zyberk C, Joosten LA, Helsen MM, et al. Therapeutic effect of neutralizing endogenous IL-18 activity in the collagen-induced model of arthritis. J Clin Invest 2001;108:1825-32.
76. Smeets RL, van de Loo FA, Arntz OJ, Bennink MB, Joosten LA, van den Berg WB. Adenoviral delivery of IL-18 binding protein C ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Gene Ther 2003;10:1004-11.
77. Wei XQ, Leung BP, Arthur HM, McInnes IB, Liew FY. Reduced incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice lacking IL-18. J Immunol 2001;166:517-21.
78. Min CK, Maeda Y, Lowler K, et al. Paradoxical effects of interleukin-18 on the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2004;104:3393-9.
79. Bossu P, Neumann D, Del Giudice E, et al. IL-18 cDNA vaccination protects mice from spontaneous lupus-like autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:14181-6.
80. Maecker HT, Hansen G, Walter DM, DeKruyff RH, Levy S, Umetsu DT. Vaccination with allergen-IL-18 fusion DNA protects against, and reverses established, airway hyperreactivity in a murine asthma model. J Immunol 2001;166:959-65.
81. Im SH, Barchan D, Maiti PK, Raveh L, Souroujon MC, Fuchs S. Suppression of experimental myasthenia gravis, a B cell-mediated autoimmune disease, by blockade of IL-18. FASEB J 2001;15:2140-8.
82. Furlan R, Martino G, Galbiati F, et al. Caspase-1 regulates the inflammatory process leading to autoimmune demyelination. J Immunol 1999;163:2403-9.
83. Faggioni R, Jones-Carson J, Reed DA, et al. Leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice are protected from T cell-mediated hepatotoxicity: role of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-18. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:2367-72.
84. Fantuzzi G, Banda NK, Guthridge C, et al. Generation and characterization of mice transgenic for human IL-18-binding protein isoform a. J Leukoc Biol 2003;74:889-96.
85. Fantuzzi G, Reed DA, Dinarello CA. IL-12-induced IFNγ is dependent on caspase-1 processing of the IL-18 precursor. J Clin Invest 1999;104:761-7.
86. Netea MG, Fantuzzi G, Kullberg BJ, et al. Neutralization of IL-18 reduces neutrophil tissue accumulation and protects mice against lethal Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium endotoxemia. J Immunol 2000;164:2644-9.
87. Tsutsui H, Matsui K, Kawada N, et al. IL-18 accounts for both TNF-alpha-and Fas ligand-mediated hepatotoxic pathways in endotoxininduced liver injury in mice. J Immunol 1997;159:3961-7.
88. Vidal-Vanaclocha F, Fantuzzi G, Mendoza L, et al. IL-18 regulates IL-1beta-dependent hepatic melanoma metastasis via vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:734-9.
89. Takeuchi D, Yoshidome H, Kato A, et al. Interleukin 18 causes hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in mice. Hepatology 2004;39:699-710.
90. Raeburn CD, Dinarello CA, Zimmerman MA, et al. Neutralization of IL-18 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction. Am J Physiol 2002;283:H650-7.
91. Mallat Z, Corbaz A, Scoazec A, et al. Interleukin-18/interleukin-18 binding protein signaling modulates atherosclerotic lesion development and stability. Circ Res 2001;89:E41-5.
92. Yoshimoto T, Takeda K, Tanaka T, et al. IL-12 upregulates IL-18 receptor expression on T cells, Th1 cells and B cells: synergism with IL-18 for IFNγ production. J Immunol 1998;161:3400-7.
93. Kim SH, Reznikov LL, Stuyt RJ, et al. Functional reconstitution and regulation of IL-18 activity by the IL-18R beta chain. J Immunol 2001;166:148-54.
94. Neumann D, Martin MU. Interleukin-12 upregulates the IL-18Rb chain in BALB/c thymocytes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001;21:635-42.
95. Lugo-Villarino G, Maldonado-Lopez R, Possemato R, Penaranda C, Glimcher LH. T-bet is required for optimal production of IFN-gamma and antigen-specific T cell activation by dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:7749-54.
96. Cardoso SM, DeFor TE, Tilley LA, Bidwell JL, Weisdorf DJ, MacMillan ML. Patient interleukin-18 GCG haplotype associates with improved survival and decreased transplant-related mortality after unrelated-donor bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol 2004;126:704-10.
97. Reddy P, Ferrara JL. Role of interleukin-18 in acute graft-vs-host disease. J Lab Clin Med 2003;141:365-71.
98. Hofstra CL, Van Ark I, Hofman G, Kool M, Nijkamp FP, Van Oosterhout AJ. Prevention of Th2-like cell responses by coadministration of IL-12 and IL-18 is associated with inhibition of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and serum IgE levels. J Immunol 1998;161:5054-60.
99. Yoshimoto T, Tsutsui H, Tominaga K, et al. IL-18, although antiallergic when administered with IL-12, stimulates IL-4 and histamine release by basophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:13962-6.
100. Hoshino T, Yagita H, Ortaldo JR, Wiltrout RH, Young HA. In vivo administration of IL-18 can induce IgE production through Th2 cytokine induction and up-regulation of CD40 ligand (CD154) expression on CD4+ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2000;30:1998-2006.
101. Kawase Y, Hoshino T, Yokota K, et al. Exacerbated and prolonged allergic and non-allergic inflammatory cutaneous reaction in mice with targeted interleukin-18 expression in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 2003;121:502-9.
102. Konishi H, Tsutsui H, Murakami T, et al. IL-18 contributes to the spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion independently of IgE/stat6 under specific pathogen-free conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:11340-5.
103. Nakanishi K, Yoshimoto T, Tsutsui H, Okamura H. Interleukin-18 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses. Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:423-74.
104. Kaser A, Kaser S, Kaneider NC, Enrich B, Wiedermann CJ, Tilg H. Interleukin-18 attracts plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC2s) and promotes Th1 induction by DC2s through IL-18 receptor expression. Blood 2004;103:648-55.
105. Wildbaum G, Youssef S, Grabie N, Karin N. Neutralizing antibodies to IFN-gamma-inducing factor prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 1998;161:6368-74.
106. Friteau L, Francesconi E, Lando D, Dugas B, Damais C. Opposite effect of interferon-γ on PGE2 release from interleukin-1-stimulated human monocytes or fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988;157:1197-204.
107. Mallat Z, Heymes C, Corbaz A, et al. Evidence for altered interleukin (IL)-18 pathway in human heart failure. FASEB J 2004;18:1752-4.
108. Whitman SC, Ravisankar P, Daugherty A. Interleukin-18 enhances atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice through release of interferon-gamma. Circ Res 2002;90:E34-8.
109. Gerdes N, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Reynolds RS, Young JL, Schonbeck U. Expression of interleukin (IL)-18 and functional IL-18 receptor on human vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages: implications for atherogenesis. J Exp Med 2002;195:245-57.