Attachment strategies of organisms on hard substrates: A palaeontological view

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 232, Issue 2-4, 2006, Pages 429-453

  Bromley, Richard G ^a   Heinberg, Claus ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b ROSKILDE UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Bioerosion; Cementation; Encrusting; Fouling; Hard substrate; Organic glue

Indexed keywords

ENCRUSTING ORGANISM; FOSSILIZATION; TAPHONOMY;

ANOMIIDAE; BALANIDAE; BIVALVIA; BRYOZOA; DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA); ECHINODERMATA; FORAMINIFERA; GASTROPODA; HERE; HYDROZOA; OCTOPUS; OSTREIDAE; PATELLIDAE; PELMATOZOA; THORACICA; UROCHORDATA; VERMETIDAE; VERRUCIDAE;

EID: 33644846311     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.007     Document Type: Article

References (173)

1. A. Abbott Bioadhesives: potential for exploitation Science Progress, Oxford 74 1990 131 146
2. J. Allouc, T. Le Campion-Alsumard, and D. Leung Tack La bioérosion des substrats magmatiques en milieu littoral: l'exemple de la presqu'ile du Cap Vert (Sénégal occidental) Géobios 29 1996 485 502
3. A.H. Altieri Settlement cues in the locally dispersing temperate cup coral Balanophyllia elegans Biological Bulletins 204 2003 241 245
4. R.E. Baier, E.G. Shafrin, and W.A. Zisman Adhesion: mechanisms that assist or impede it Science 162 1968 1360 1368
5. B. Ball, and M. Jangoux Ultrastructure of the tube foot sensory-secretory complex in Ophiocomina nigra (Echinodermata Ophiuridea) Zoomorphology 109 1990 201 209
6. F.T. Banner A new genus of the Planorbulinidae an endoparasite of another foraminifer Revista Española de Micropaleontología 3 1971 113 128
7. H. Barnes, and J. Blackstock The biochemical composition of the cement of a pedunculate cirripede Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 16 1974 87 91
8. H. Barnes, and J.A. Topinka Effect of the nature of the substratum on the force required to detach a common littoral alga American Zoologist 9 1969 753 758
9. D. Barthel, and O.S. Tendal The sponge association of the abyssal Norwegian-Greenland Sea: species composition, substrate relationships and distribution Sarsia 78 1993 83 96
10. D. Barthel, and O.S. Tendal Antarctic hexactinellida J.W. Wägele J. Sieg Synopses of the Antarctic Benthos vol. 6 1994 154 pp.
11. R. Fricke Theses Zoologicae vol. 23 1994 Koeltze Scientific Books Königstein
12. D. Barthel, J. Gutt, and O.S. Tendal New information on the biology of Antarctic deep-water sponges derived from underwater photography Marine Ecology. Progress Series 69 1991 303 307
13. M.R. Bennett, P. Doyle, and A.E. Mather Dropstones: their origin and significance Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 121 1996 331 339
14. L. Beuck, and A. Freiwald Bioerosion patterns in a deep-water Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) thicket (Propeller Mound, northern Porcupine Seabight) A. Freiwald J.M. Murray Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems 2005 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 915 936
15. C. Bond Continuous cell movements rearrange anatomical structures in intact sponges Journal of Experimental Zoology 263 1992 284 302
16. C. Bond, and A.K. Harris Locomotion of sponges and its physical mechanism Journal of Experimental Zoology 246 1988 271 284
17. M. Bongrain Traces de bioerosion sur un Pectinidae (Bivalvia): du Miocène d'Aquitaine (SO France): un cas possible de commensalisme entre Pectinidae et Capulidae Géobios 28 1995 347 358
18. R.G. Bromley Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock, 1849 as an example T.P. Crimes J.P. Harper Trace Fossils Geological Journal Special Issues vol. 3 1970 49 90
19. R.G. Bromley Comparative analysis of fossil and recent echinoid bioerosion Palaeontology 18 1975 725 739
20. R.G. Bromley Bioerosion of Bermuda reefs Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 23 1978 169 197
21. R.G. Bromley Anomiid (bivalve) bioerosion on Pleistocene pectinid (bivalve) shells, Rhodes, Greece Geologie en Mijnbouw 78 1999 175 177
22. R.G. Bromley A stratigraphy of marine bioerosion D. McIlroy The Application of Ichnology in Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 228 2004 455 479
23. R.G. Bromley Preliminary study of bioerosion in the deep-water coral Lophelia, Pleistocene, Rhodes, Greece A. Freiwald J.M. Murray Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems 2005 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 587 606
24. R.G. Bromley, and N.-M. Hanken Shallow marine bioerosion at Vardø, arctic Norway Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 29 1981 103 109
25. R.G. Bromley, and J. Martinell Centrichnus, new ichnogenus for centrically patterned attachment scars on skeletal substrates Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 38 1991 243 252
26. R.G. Bromley, and F. Surlyk Borings produced by brachiopod pedicles, fossil and Recent Lethaia 6 1973 349 365
27. H.V. Brøndsted, and F.E. Carlsen A cortical cytoskeleton in expanded epithelium cells of sponge gemmules Experimental Cell Research 11 1951 90 96
28. J.C. Brower The paleobiology and ontogeny of Cincinnaticrinus varibrachialus Warn and Strimple, 1977 from the Middle Ordovician (Shermanian) Walcott-Rust Quarry of New York Journal of Paleontology 79 2005 152 174
29. R.C. Brusca, and G.J. Brusca Invertebrates 1990 Sinauer Associates Sunderland, Massachusetts
30. M. Burton Observations on littoral sponges, including the supposed swarming of larvae, movement and coalescence in mature individuals, longevity and death Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 118 1949 893 915
31. A.C. Campbell, J.K.G. Dart, S.M. Head, and R.F.G. Ormond The feeding activity of Echinostrephus molaris (de Blainville) in the central Red Sea Marine Behaviour and Physiology 2 1973 155 169
32. M.R. Carriker, and E.H. Smith Comparative calcibiocavitology: summary and conclusions American Zoologist 9 1969 1011 1020
33. T. Cedhagen Taxonomy and biology of Hyrrokkin sarcophaga gen. et sp. n., a parasitic foraminiferan (Rosalinidae) Sarsia 79 1994 65 82
34. A. Cherchi, and R. Schroeder Perforations branchues dues à des Foraminifères cryptobiotique dans des coquilles actuelles et fossils Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris 312 2 1991 111 115
35. G.R. Clark Shell growth in the marine environment: approaches to the problem of marginal calcification American Zoologist 16 1976 617 626
36. D.J. Crisp Mobility in barnacles Nature 188 1960 1208 1209
37. P.K. Dayton Competition, disturbance, and community organization: the provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community Ecological Monographs 41 1971 351 389
38. N.A. de Bruyne The action of adhesives Scientific American 206 1962 114 126
39. T.E. Delaca, and J.H. Lipps The mechanism and adaptive significance of attachment and substrate pitting in the foraminiferan Rosalina globularis D'Orbigny Journal of Foraminiferal Research 2 1972 68 72
40. M. Denny The role of gastropod pedal mucus in locomotion Nature, London 285 1980 160 161
41. J.E. Eckman The role of hydrodynamics in recruitment, growth, and survival of Argopecten irradians (L.) and Anomia simplex (d'Orbigny) within eelgrass meadows Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 106 1987 165 191
42. A.A. Ekdale, R.G. Bromley, and S.G. Pemberton Ichnology- trace fossils in sedimentology and stratigraphy SEPM Short Courses 15 1984 (317 pp.)
43. K.O. Emery, and R.H. Tschudy Transportation of rock by kelp Geological Society of America Bulletin 52 1941 855 862
44. R. Fischer, and W. Meyer Observations on rock boring by Alpheus saxidomus (Crustacea: Alpheidae) Marine Biology 89 1985 213 219
45. L. Fishelson Observations on the moving colonies of the genus Tethya (Demospongia Porifera) Zoomorphology 98 1981 89 99
46. P. Flammang Adhesion in echinoderms M. Jangoux J.M. Lawrence Echinoderm Studies vol. 5 1996 Balkema Rotterdam 1 60
47. P. Flammang, and M. Jangoux Functional morphology of the locomotory podia of Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata Holothuroida) Zoomorphology 111 1992 167 178
48. P. Flammang, and M. Jangoux Functional morphology of coronal and peristomeal podia in Sphaerechinus granularis (Echinodermata Echinoida) Zoomorphology 113 1993 47 60
49. P. Flammang, C. De Ridder, and M. Jangoux Ultrastructure of the penicillate podia of the spatangoid echinoid Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata) with special emphasis on the epidermal sensory-secretory complexes Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 72 1991 151 158
50. P. Flammang, A. Michel, A.V. Cauwenberge, H. Alexandre, and M. Jangoux A study of the temporary adhesion of the podia in the sea star Asterias rubens (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) through their footprints Journal of Experimental Biology 201 1998 2383 2395
51. R.L. Fletcher, A.M. Jones, and E.B.G. Jones The attachment of fouling macroalgae J.D. Costlow R.C. Tipper Marine Biodeterioration: an Interdisciplinary Study 1984 Naval Institute Press Maryland, U.S.A. 172 182
52. A. Freiwald, and J. Schönfeld Substrate pitting and boring pattern of Hyrrokkin sarcophaga Cedhagen 1994 (Foraminiferida) in a modern deep-water coral reef mound Marine Micropaleontology 28 1996 199 207
53. C. Gay Stickiness- some fundamentals of adhesion Integrative and Comparative Biology 42 2002 1123 1126
54. G. Gerdes, N. Kadagies, J. Kaselowsky, A. Lauer, and J. Scholz Bryozoans and microbial communities of cool-temperate to subtropical latitudes- paleoecological implications Facies 50 2005 363 389
55. J.M. Gilbert, R. de Domènech, and J. Martinell An ethological framework for animal bioerosion trace fossils upon mineral substrates with proposal of a new class, fixichnia Lethaia 37 2004 429 437
56. S. Golubic, I. Friedmann, and J. Schneider The lithobiontic ecological niche, with special reference to microorganisms Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 51 1981 475 478
57. K.R. Grange, R.J. Singleton, J.R. Richardson, P.J. Hill, and W. deL Main Shallow rock-wall biological associations of some southern fiords of New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8 1981 209 227
58. J.F. Grenon, and G. Walker The histology and histochemistry of the pedal glandular system of two limpets Patella vulgata and Acmaea tessulata (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK 58 1978 804 816
59. E.M. Harper The role of predation in the evolution of cementation in bivalves Palaeontology 34 1991 455 460
60. E.M. Harper Post-larval cementation in the Ostreidae and its implications for other cementing bivalves Journal of Molluscan Studies 58 1991 37 47
61. E.M. Harper Attachment of mature oysters (Saccostrea cucullata) to natural substrata Marine Biology 127 1997 449 453
62. C. Heinberg Bivalves from the white chalk (Maastrichtian) of Denmark: II. Arcoida Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 27 1979 105 116
63. C. Heinberg Evolutionary ecology of nine sympatric species of the pelecypod Limopsis in Cretaceous chalk Lethaia 12 1979 325 340
64. C.O. Hermans The duo-gland adhesive system Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 21 1983 281 339
65. L.H. Hyman Mollusca I The Invertebrates vol. 6 1967 McGraw-Hill New York
66. L. Igić Biotic action in fouling communities on edible shellfish- oysters (Ostrea edulis Linnaeus) and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark) in the northern Adriatic Acta Adriatica 25 1984 11 27
67. V. Jaccarini, W.H. Bannister, and H. Micallef The pallial glands and rock boring in Lithophaga lithophaga (Lamellibranchia Mytilidae) Journal of Zoology 154 1968 397 401
68. G. Jarms, and E. Voigt Filelloides cretacea n. g. n. sp., ein durch Bioimmuration überlieferter Vertreter der Ordnung Hydroida (Hydrozoa) aus der Maastrichter Tuffkreide (Obermaastrichtium) Paläontologisches Zeitschrift 68 1994 211 221
69. R.A. Jensen, and D.E. Morse The bioadhesive of Phragmatopoma californica tubes: a silk-like cement containing l-DOPA Journal of Comparative Physiology. B 158 1988 317 324
70. B. Jones, and Q.H. Goodbody The geological significance of endolithic algae in glass Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19 1982 671 678
71. T. Kase, P.A. Johnston, A. Seilacher, and J.B. Boyce Alleged mosasaur bite marks on Late Cretaceous ammonites are limpet (patellogastropod) home scars Geology 26 1998 947 950
72. W.M. Kier, and A.M. Smith The structure and adhesive mechanism of octopus suckers American Zoologist 41 2001 1492
73. W.M. Kier, and A.M. Smith The structure and adhesive mechanism of octopus suckers Integrative and Comparative Biology 42 2002 1146 1153
74. K.H. Kleemann Der Gesteinsabbau durch Ätzmuscheln an Kalkküsten Oecologia 13 1973 377 395
75. H.-R. Kudrass Experimental study of nearshore transportation of pebbles with attached algae Marine Geology 16 1974 M9 M12
76. D.J.W. Lane Attachment of the larva of the ascidian Diplosoma listerianum Marine Biology 21 1973 47 58
77. M.R. Langer Epiphytic foraminifera Marine Micropaleontology 20 1993 235 265
78. J. Lehmann, and M.G.E. Wippich Oyster attachment scar preservation of a Late Maastrichtian ammonite Hoploscaphites constrictus Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 40 1995 437 440
79. D.R. Lindberg, and K.R. Dwyer The topography, formation and role of the home depression of Collisella scabra (Gould) (Gastropoda: Acmaeidae) The Veliger 25 1982 229 234
80. E. Lindner The attachment of macrofouling invertebrates J.D. Costlow R.C. Tipper Marine Biodeterioration: An Interdisciplinary Study 1984 Naval Institute Press Maryland, U.S.A. 183 201
81. R.M. Linsley Shell form and the evolution of gastropods American Scientist 66 1978 432 441
82. M.J. Loeb, and G. Walker Origin, composition and function of secretions from pyriform organs and internal sacs of four settling cheilo-ctenostome bryozoan larvae Marine Biology 42 1977 37 46
83. V.L. Loosanov Partial metamorphosis in Anomia simplex Science 133 1961 2071 2072
84. K. Märkel, and R. Maier Über die Beweglichkeit von Seeigeln Naturwissenschaft 53 1966 535
85. K. Märkel, and R. Maier Beobachtungen an lochbewohnenden Seeigeln Natur und Museum 97 1967 233 243
86. J.M. Mascalo, and J.H. Waite Protein gradients in byssal threads of some marine bivalve molluscs Journal of Experimental Zoology 240 1986 1 7
87. C. Massin Reliquiaecava, a new genus of Coralliophilidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie 57 1987 79 90
88. A. Matsukuma Fossil boreholes made by shell-boring predators of commensals I. Boreholes of capulid gastropods. Venus Japanese Journal of Malacology 37 1978 29 45
89. E. Mayoral Acción bioerosiva de Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) en el Plioceno inferior de la Cuenca del Bajo Guadalquivir Revista Española de Paleontologia 2 1987 33 40
90. C.G. McNair, W.M. Kier, P.D. LaCroix, and R.M. Linsley The functional significance of apertural form in gastropods Lethaia 14 1981 63 70
91. R. Mikuláš Early Cretaceous borings from Štramberk (Czechoslovakia) Časopispro Mineralogii a Geologii, Roč 37 1992 297 312
92. W. Miller, and N.A. Brown The attachment scars of fossil balanids Journal of Paleontology 53 1979 208 210
93. K. Miller, and C. Mundy Rapid settlement in broadcast spawning corals: implications for larval dispersal Coral Reefs 22 2003 99 106
94. J. Morton Seashore Ecology of New Zealand and the Pacific 2004 Bateman Auckland, NZ
95. D. Nichols Functional morphology of the water vascular system R.A. Boolootan Physiology of Echinodermata 1966 Interscience New York 219 240
96. J.A. Nott, and K.R. Parkes Calcium accumulation and secretion in the serpulid polychaete Spirorbis spirorbis L. at settlement Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK 55 1975 911 923
97. L. Oliveira, D.C. Walker, and T. Bisalputra Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and enzymatic studies on the adhesive "plaques" of the brown algae Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. and Nereocystis luetkeana (Nert.) Post. et Rupr Protoplasma 104 1980 1 15
98. R.R. Olson Ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis: the role of larval photadaptations in midday larval release and settlement Biological Bulletin 165 1983 221 240
99. J.H. Orton On the breeding habits of Echinus miliaris, with a note on the feeding habits of Patella vulgata Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK 10 1914 254 257
100. T.J. Palmer, and M.A. Wilson Parasitism of Ordovician bryozoans and the origin of pseudoborings Palaeontology 31 1988 939 949
101. T.J. Palmer, P.D. Taylor, and J.A. Todd Epibiont shadowing: a hitherto unrecognised way of preserving soft-bodied fossils Terra Nova 5 1993 568 572
102. M.S. Pascual Carriage of dwarf males by adult female puelche oysters: the role of chitons Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 212 1997 173 185
103. M.S. Pascual, O.O. Iribarne, E.A. Zampatti, and A.H. Bocca Female-male interaction in the breeding system of the puelche oyster Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 132 1989 209 219
104. J.M. Pawlicki, L.B. Pease, C.M. Pierce, T.P. Startz, Y. Zhang, and A.M. Smith The effect of molluscan glue proteins on gel mechanics Journal of Experimental Biology 207 2004 1127 1135
105. R.A. Pohowsky The boring ctenostomate Bryozoa: taxonomy and paleobiology based on cavities in calcareous substrata Bulletins of American Paleontology 73 1978 1 192
106. J. Pojeta, and T.J. Palmer The origin of rock boring in mytilacean pelecypods Alcheringa 1 1976 167 179
107. H. Röder Zur Beziehung zwischen Konstruktion und Substrat bei mechanisch bohrenden Bohrmuscheln (Pholadidae Teredinidae) Senckenbergiana Maritima 9 1977 105 213
108. K. Rützler Spatial competition among Porifera: solution by epizoism Oecologia (Berlin) 5 1970 85 95
109. E.E. Ruppert, and R.D. Barnes Invertebrate Zoology sixth ed. 1994 Harcourt Brace College Publishers Orlando, Florida 1056 pp.
110. M. Sarà Competition and cooperation in sponge populations Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 25 1970 273 284
111. E. Savazzi Functional morphology of boring and burrowing invertebrates S.K. Donovan The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils 1994 John Wiley Chichester, New York 43 82
112. E. Savazzi Adaptations of vermetid and siliquariid gastropods Palaeontology 39 1996 157 177
113. W. Schäfer Aktuo-Paläontologie nach Studien in der Nordsee 1962 Kramer Frankfurt am Main
114. A. Seilacher Constructional morphology of bivalves: evolutionary pathways in primary versus secondary soft-bottom dwellers Palaeontology 27 1984 207 237
115. A. Seilacher Bivalve morphology and function D.J. Bottjer S. Hickman P.D. Ward Mollusks - Notes for a Short Course Studies in Geology vol. 13 1985 University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences 88 101
116. A. Seilacher Aberrations in bivalve evolution related to photo-and chemosymbiosis Historical Biology 3 1990 289 311
117. A. Seilacher Mosasaurs, limpets or diagenesis; how Placenticeras shells got punctured Mitteilungen des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin geowissenschaftliche Reihe 1 1998 93 102
118. G.A. Shumway Rafted pebbles from the deep ocean off Baja California Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 23 1953 24 33
119. T.L. Simpson, and R. Borojevic The origin of basal epithelial cells during the attachment of explants of microcionid sponges American Zoologist 6 1966 578
120. A.M. Smith The role of suction in the adhesion of limpets Journal of Experimental Biology 161 1991 151 169
121. A.M. Smith Negative pressure generated by octopus suckers: a study of the tensile strength of water in nature Journal of Experimental Biology 157 1991 257 271
122. A.M. Smith Alternation between attachment mechanisms by limpets in the field Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 160 1992 205 220
123. A.M. Smith Cephalopod sucker design and the physical limits to negative pressure Journal of Experimental Biology 199 1996 949 958
124. A.M. Smith The use of mucous gels as glues American Zoologist 41 2001 1588
125. A.M. Smith The structure and function of adhesive gels from invertebrates Integrative and Comparative Biology 42 2002 1164 1171
126. A.M. Smith, and K.L. Strawhun Localization of cells that secrete an adhesive protein from the feet of limpets and related molluscs American Zoologist 37 1997 127A
127. A.M. Smith, W.M. Kier, and S. Johnsen The effect of depth on the attachment force of limpets Biological Bulletin 184 1993 338 341
128. A.M. Smith, T.J. Quick, and R.L. St Peter Identification and characterization of the adhesive used by limpets American Zoologist 36 1996 54A
129. A.M. Smith, T.J. Quick, and R.L. St Peter Differences in the composition of adhesive and non-adhesive mucus from the limpet Lottia limatula Biological Bulletin 196 1999 34 44
130. J.D. Soule Histological and histochemical studies on the bryozoan-substrate interface G.P. Larwood Living and Fossil Bryozoa 1973 Academic Press London 343 347
131. S.M. Stanley Relation of shell form to life habits of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) Memoirs vol. 125 1970 Geological Society of America 296 pp.
132. S.M. Stanley Functional morphology and evolution of byssally attached bivalve molluscs Journal of Paleontology 46 1972 165 212
133. Stenzel, H.B., 1971. Oysters. In: Moore, R.C., Teichert, C. (Eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology N3, Mollusca 6, N953-N1224. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
134. R.J. Stewart, J.C. Weaver, D.E. Morse, and J.H. Waite The tube cement of Phragmatopoma californica: a solid foam Journal of Experimental Biology 207 2004 4727 4734
135. P.D. Taylor Preservation of soft-bodied and other organisms by bioimmuration Palaeontology 33 1990 1 17
136. P.D. Taylor Bioimmured ctenostomes from the Jurassic and the origin of the cheilostome Bryozoa Palaeontology 33 1990 19 34
137. P.D. Taylor, and M.A. Wilson A new terminology for marine organisms inhabiting hard substrates Palaios 17 2002 522 525
138. P.D. Taylor, and MA. Wilson Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities Earth Science Reviews 62 2003 1 103
139. P.D. Taylor, M.A. Wilson, and R.G. Bromley A new ichnogenus for etchings made by cheilostome bryozoans into calcareous substrates Palaeontology 42 1999 595 604
140. G. Thorson A neotenous dwarf-form of Capulus ungaricus (L.) (Gastropoda Prosobranchia) commensalistic on Turritella communis Risso Ophelia 2 1965 175 210
141. E.R. Trueman The burrowing activities of bivalves Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 22 1968 167 186
142. R.T. Turner The family Pholadidae in the western Atlantic and the eastern Pacific: Part 1. Pholadinae Johnsonia 3 1954 1 63
143. M.-T. Vénec-Peyré Boring foraminifera in French Polynesian coral reefs Coral Reefs 5 1987 205 212
144. M.-T. Vénec-Peyré Bioeroding foraminifera: a review Marine Micropaleontology 28 1996 19 30
145. G.J. Vermeij Apertural form in gastropods Lethaia 14 1981 104
146. G.J. Vermeij Sabia on shells: a specialized Pacific-type commensalism in the Caribbean Neogene Journal of Paleontology 72 1998 465 472
147. E. Voigt Über Immuration bei fossilien Bryozoen dargestellt an Funden aus der Oberen Kreide Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen II. mathematisch-physikalische Klasse, Jahrgang 1968 1968 47 63
148. E. Voigt Hydrallmania graptolithiformis n. sp., eine durch Bioimmuration erhaltene Sertulariidae (Hydroz.) aus der Maastrichter Tuffkreide Paläontologisches Zeitschrift 47 1973 25 31
149. E. Voigt The preservation of slightly or non-calcified fossil Bryozoa (Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata) by bioimmuration G.P. Larwood M.B. Abbott Advances in Bryozoology Systematics Association Special Volumes vol. 13 1979 Academic Press London 541 564
150. E. Voigt, and G. Hillmer Soft-tissue moulds preserved by bioimmuration in the new bryozoan genus Kunradocella (Cheilostomatida) D.P. Gordon J.A. Grant-Mackie Bryozoans in Space and Time. Proceedings of the 10th International Bryozoology Conference, Wellington, New Zealand 1996 361 366
151. J. Vovelle, M. Grasset, and M. Truchet Sites of biomineralization in the polychaete Pomatoceros triqueter (Serpulidae) with comments on some other species Ophelia Supplements 5 1991 661 667
152. J.H. Waite Adhesion in byssally attached bivalves Biological Reviews 58 1983 209 231
153. J.H. Waite Mussel glue from Mytilus californianus Conrad: a comparative study Journal of Comparative Physiology. B 156 1986 491 496
154. J.H. Waite Adhesion à la moule Integrative and Comparative Biology 42 2002 1172 1180
155. J.H. Waite, D.C. Hansen, and K.T. Little The glue protein of ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa): a natural adhesive with some features of collagen Journal of Comparative Physiology. B 159 1989 517 525
156. J.H. Waite, E. Vaccaro, C. Sun, and J.M. Lucas Elastomeric gradients: a hedge against stress concentration in marine holdfasts? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. B 357 2002 143 153
157. S.E. Walker Criteria for recognizing marine hermit crabs in the fossil record using gastropod shells Journal of Paleontology 66 1992 535 558
158. S.E. Walker, and W. Miller Organism-substrate relations: toward a logical terminology Palaios 7 1992 236 238
159. L.W. Ward, and B.W. Blackwelder Chesapecten, a new genus of Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Miocene and Pliocene of eastern North America United States Geological Survey Professional Papers vol. 861 1975 21 pp.
160. J.E. Warme Borings as trace fossils, and the process of marine bioerosion R.W. Frey The Study of Trace Fossils 1975 Springer New York 181 227
161. N. Weissenfels Bau und Funktion des Süsswasserschwamms Ephydatia fluviatilis L. (Porifera) 5: Das Nadelskelett und seine Entstehung Zoologische Jahbuch für Anatomie 99 1978 211 223
162. N. Weissenfels Biologie und mikroskopische Anatomie der Süßwasserschwämme (Spongillidae) 1989 Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart
163. R.R. West Organism-substrate relations: terminology for ecology and palaeoecology Lethaia 10 1977 71 82
164. J.D. Witman, and T.H. Suchanek Mussels in flow: drag and dislodgement by epizoans Marine Ecology. Progress Series 16 1984 259 268
165. M.W. Woodborne, J. Rogers, and N. Jarman The geological significance of kelp-rafted rock along the west coast of South Africa Geo-Marine Letters 9 1989 109 118
166. R.M. Woollacott, and R.L. Zimmer Attachment and metamorphosis of the cheilo-ctenostome bryozoan Bugula neritina (Linné) Journal of Morphology 134 1971 351 382
167. K. Yamaguchi Cementation vs. mobility: development of a cemented byssus and flexible mobility in Anomia chinensis Marine Biology 132 1998 651 661
168. C.M. Yonge The protobranchiate Mollusca: a functional interpretation of their structure and evolution Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B 230 1939 79 147
169. C.M. Yonge Adaptation to rock boring in Botula and Lithophaga (Lamellibranchiata, Mytilidae) with a discussion on the evolution of this habit Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 96 1955 383 410
170. C.M. Yonge Oysters 1960 Collins London
171. C.M. Yonge Rock-boring organisms R.F. Sognnæs Mechanisms of Hard Tissue Destruction Publication vol. 75 1963 American Association for the Advancement of Science 1 24
172. C.M. Yonge Form and evolution in the Anomiacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)- Pododesmus, Anomia, Patro, Enigmonia (Anomiidae); Placunanomia, Placuna (Placunidae fam. nov.) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B 276 1977 453 523
173. C.M. Yonge, and T.E. Thompson Living Marine Molluscs 1976 Collins London