Symptom-based, algorithmic approach for handling the initial encounter with victims of a potential terrorist attack

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 301-308

  Subbarao, Italo ^a   Johnson, Christopher ^a   Bond, William F ^a   Schwid, Howard A ^b   Wasser, Thomas E ^c   Deye, Greg A ^d   Burkhart, Keith K ^e  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c LEHIGH VALLEY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d Division of Infectious Disease Department of Internal Medicine Landstuh Regional Medical Center   (Germany)

^e AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

algorithm; biological agents; chemical agents; contamination; dirty radiation; dispersal devices; resuscitation; terrorist attack; victims; weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EXPLOSION; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; RADIATION ACCIDENT; RESUSCITATION; STANDARD; TERRORISM; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ACCIDENTS, RADIATION; ALGORITHMS; BIOTERRORISM; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; DECONTAMINATION; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; EXPLOSIONS; HUMANS; RESUSCITATION; TERRORISM; TRIAGE;

EID: 33644837310     PISSN: 1049023X     EISSN: 19451938     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X00002752     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Dhara VR, Dhara R: The Union Carbide Disaster in Bhopal: A review of health effects. Arch Environ Health 2002;57:391-404.
2. Dhara VR, Gassert TH: The Bhopal Syndrome: Persistent questions about acute toxicity and management of gas victims. Int J Occup Environ Health 2002;8:380-386.
3. Okumura T, Suzuki K, Fukuda A, et al: The Tokyo subway sarin attack: disaster management, Part 1: Community emergency response. Acad Emerg Med 1998;5:613-617.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases among protected health-care workers-Toronto, Canada: April 2003. MMWR 2003;S2:433-436.
5. Morita H, Yanagisawa N, Nakajima T: Sarin posioning in Matsumoto, Japan. Lancet 1995;346:290-292.
6. Okumura T, Suzuki K, Fukada A, et al: The Tokyo subway sarin attack: Disaster management, Part 2: Healthcare facility response. Acad Emerg Med 1998;5:618-624.
7. Kulling PE, Lorin H: KAMEDO: Report 69: Ebola virus epidemic in Zaire, 1995. Prehosp Disast Med 1999;14:18-26.
8. Nozaki H, Hori S, Shinozama Y, et al: Secondary exposure of medical staff to sarin vapor in the emergency room. Intensive Care Med 1995;21: 1032-1035.
9. Greenberg MI, Hendrickson RG: Report of the CIM ERC/Drexel University Emergency Department Terrorism Preparedness Consensus Panel. Acad Emerg Med 2003;10:783-788.
10. Terrorism Response Task Force of the American College of Emergency Physicians: Positioning America's Emergency Health Care System to Respond To Acts of Terrorism. ACEP: Dallas, Texas. 2002.
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Biological and chemical terrorism: Strategic plan for preparedness and response. Recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup. MMWR 2000;49(RR-4):l-14.
12. Macintyre AG, Christopher GW, Eitzen E, et al: Weapons of mass destruction events with contaminated casualties: Effective planning for healthcare facilities. JAMA 2000;4:261-269.
13. Waeckerle JF: Disaster planning and response. N Eftgl J Med 1991;324: 815-821.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Recognition of illness associated with the intentional release of a biologic agent. MMWR 2001;50: 893-897.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Worldwide, 2003. MMWR 2003;52:226-228.
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Update: Multistate outbreak of monkeypox-Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003. MMWR 2003;52:561-565.
17. Arnon S, Schecter R, Ingelsby TV, et ah Botulinum toxin as biological weapon. Medical and public health management. JAMA 2001;285: 1059-1070.
18. Henderson DA, Inglesby TV, Bartlett JG, et ah Smallpox as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. JAMA 1999;281: 2127-2137.
19. Inglesby TV, OToole T, Henderson DA, et ah Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002 updated recommendations and management. JAMA 2002; 287:2236-2252.
20. Dennis DT, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, et al: Tularemia as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. JAMA 2001;285: 2763-2773.
21. Inglesby TV, Dennis DT, Henderson DA, et ah Plague as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. JAMA 2000;283: 2281-2290.
22. Sidell F, Takafuji E, Franz D, (eds): Textbook of Military Medicine: Part I, Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center; 1997.
23. Newmark J: The birth of nerve agent warfare: Lessons from Syed Abbas Foroutan. Neurology 2004;62:1590-1596.
24. Newmark J: Acute chemical emergencies. (Comment) TV EnglJ Med 2004; 350:2102-2104.
25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Recognition of illness associated with exposure to chemical agents-United States, 2003. MMWR 2003;52:938-940.
26. Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, US Department of Defense: Medical Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Course Handbook. Washington DC: Walter Reed Army Medical Center 2001.
27. Hogan, DE, Waeckerle JF, Dire DJ, Lillibridge SR: Emergency department impact of the Oklahoma City terrorist bombing. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34:160-167.
28. Mallonee S, Shariat S, Stennies G, et ah Physical injuries and fatalities resulting from the Oklahoma City bombing. JAMA 1996;276:382-387.
29. Frykberg ER, Tepas JJ: Terrorist bombings: Lessons learned from Belfast to Beirut. Ann Surg 1988;208:569-576.
30. Almogy G, Belzberg H, Mintz Y, et al: Suicide bombing attacks: Update and modifications to the protocol. Ann Surg 2004;239:295-303.
31. Rignault DP, Deligny MC: The 1986 terrorist bombing experience in Paris. Ann Surg 1989;209:368-373.
32. Biancolini CA, Del Bosco CG, Jorge MA: Argentine Jewish community institution bomb explosion. J Trauma 1999;47:728-732.
33. Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, and Commandant, Marine Corps: Field Manual: Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries. Army Ref No. FM8-285. Released 17 July 2000.
34. [US] Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Hazardous Waste Operations Emergency Response. Washington, DC: Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29 CFR 1910.120. 01 July 2002.
35. Henretig FM, Cieslak TJ, Kortepeter MG, Fleisher GR: Medical management of the suspected victim of bioterrorism: An algorithmic approach to the undifferentiated patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2002;20:351-364.
36. HickJL, Hanfling D, Burstein JL, et al: Protective equipment for health care facility decontamination personnel: Regulations, risks, and recommendations. Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:370-380.
37. Cox RD: Decontamination and management of hazardous materials exposure victims in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23: 761-770.
38. Burgess JL, Kirk MA, Borron SW, Cisek J: Emergency department hazardous materials protocol for contaminated patients. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34:205-212.
39. Koenig KL: Strip and Shower: The duck and cover for the 21st Century. Ann Emerg Med 2003;42(3):391-394.
40. Torok TJ, Tauxe RV, Wise RP, et al: A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars. JAMA 1997;278:389-395