메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 121-135

Science, technology, and human factors in fire danger rating: The Canadian experience

Author keywords

Canada; Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System; Fire behavior; Technology transfer; Wildland fire research

Indexed keywords


EID: 33644827328     PISSN: 10498001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/WF05021     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (162)

References (115)
  • 1
    • 33644828297 scopus 로고
    • Fiji adopts Canadian system of fire danger rating
    • Alexander ME (1989) Fiji adopts Canadian system of fire danger rating. International Forest Fire News II, 3.
    • (1989) International Forest Fire News , vol.2 , pp. 3
    • Alexander, M.E.1
  • 3
    • 33644819417 scopus 로고
    • Poster with text. (National Rural Fire Authority: Wellington and New Zealand Forest Research Institute: Rotorura)
    • Alexander ME (1995) 'New Zealand fire danger classes.' Poster with text. (National Rural Fire Authority: Wellington and New Zealand Forest Research Institute: Rotorura)
    • (1995) New Zealand Fire Danger Classes
    • Alexander, M.E.1
  • 4
    • 33644828806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology transfer and wildland fire management/research
    • Alexander ME (2003) Technology transfer and wildland fire management/research. Fire Management Today 63(2), 41-42.
    • (2003) Fire Management Today , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 41-42
    • Alexander, M.E.1
  • 5
    • 33644825894 scopus 로고
    • Wildland fire behavior occurrence and behavior analysis in the year 2000 and beyond
    • Alexander ME, Andrews PL (1989) Wildland fire behavior occurrence and behavior analysis in the year 2000 and beyond. Fire Management Notes 50(4), 35-37.
    • (1989) Fire Management Notes , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 35-37
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Andrews, P.L.2
  • 6
    • 33644828716 scopus 로고
    • The art and science of fire management
    • Alexander ME, Bisgrove GF (Tech. coords). Forestry Canada, Information Report NOR-X-309. (Northern Forestry Centre: Edmonton)
    • Alexander ME, Bisgrove GF (Tech. coords) (1990) 'The art and science of fire management.' Proceedings of the first Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop. Forestry Canada, Information Report NOR-X-309. (Northern Forestry Centre: Edmonton)
    • (1990) Proceedings of the First Interior West Fire Council Annual Meeting and Workshop
  • 7
    • 0013222709 scopus 로고
    • Predicting and interpreting fire intensities in Alaskan black spruce forests using the Canadian system of fire danger rating
    • 'Managing forests to meet peoples' needs'. SAF Publication 95-02. (Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD)
    • Alexander ME, Cole FV (1995) Predicting and interpreting fire intensities in Alaskan black spruce forests using the Canadian system of fire danger rating. In 'Managing forests to meet peoples' needs'. Proceedings of 1994 Society of American Foresters/Canadian Institute of Forestry Convention, pp. 185-192. SAF Publication 95-02. (Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD)
    • (1995) Proceedings of 1994 Society of American Foresters/Canadian Institute of Forestry Convention , pp. 185-192
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cole, F.V.2
  • 8
    • 0013226226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rating fire danger in Alaska ecosystems: CFFDRS provides an invaluable guide to systematically evaluating burning conditions
    • Alexander ME, Cole FV (2001) Rating fire danger in Alaska ecosystems: CFFDRS provides an invaluable guide to systematically evaluating burning conditions. Fireline 12, 2-3.
    • (2001) Fireline , vol.12 , pp. 2-3
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cole, F.V.2
  • 10
    • 0025546092 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on experimental fires in Canadian forestry research
    • doi:10.1016/0895-7177(90)90095-5
    • Alexander ME, Quintilio D (1990) Perspectives on experimental fires in Canadian forestry research. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 13(12), 17-26. doi:10.1016/0895-7177(90)90095-5
    • (1990) Mathematical and Computer Modelling , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 17-26
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Quintilio, D.2
  • 11
    • 33644831943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting wildland fire behavior: Aids, guides, and knowledge-based protocols
    • Alexander ME, Thomas DA (2004) Forecasting wildland fire behavior: aids, guides, and knowledge-based protocols. Fire Management Today 64(1), 4-11.
    • (2004) Fire Management Today , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-11
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Thomas, D.A.2
  • 13
    • 0036991788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model to predict lightning-caused fire occurrences
    • doi:10.1071/WF02001
    • Anderson K (2002) A model to predict lightning-caused fire occurrences. International Journal of Wildland Fire 11, 163-172. doi:10.1071/WF02001
    • (2002) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.11 , pp. 163-172
    • Anderson, K.1
  • 14
    • 33644827535 scopus 로고
    • Linear programming techniques for initial attack resource deployment
    • SAF Publication 91-04. Eds PL Andrews, DF Potts. Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD
    • Anderson KR, Lee BS (1991) Linear programming techniques for initial attack resource deployment. In 'Proceedings of the 11th conference on fire and forest meteorology'. SAF Publication 91-04. (Eds PL Andrews, DF Potts) pp. 1-8. (Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD)
    • (1991) Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 1-8
    • Anderson, K.R.1    Lee, B.S.2
  • 15
    • 0041458194 scopus 로고
    • The National Fire Danger Rating System as an indicator of the fire business
    • American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA
    • Andrews PL (1987) The National Fire Danger Rating System as an indicator of the fire business. In 'Conference papers: Ninth Conference on fire and forest meteorology'. pp. 57-62. (American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA)
    • (1987) Conference Papers: Ninth Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 57-62
    • Andrews, P.L.1
  • 16
    • 1342334920 scopus 로고
    • Intelligence systems for forest fire control
    • Spanish Ministry of Agriculture: Madrid
    • Barrows JS (1969) Intelligence systems for forest fire control. In 'Proceedings of the sixth world forestry congress, Volume 2'. pp. 1934-1940. (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture: Madrid)
    • (1969) Proceedings of the Sixth World Forestry Congress , vol.2 , pp. 1934-1940
    • Barrows, J.S.1
  • 17
    • 1342271261 scopus 로고
    • Fire weather indices - Decision aids for forest operations in British Columbia
    • British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Protection Branch: Victoria, BC
    • BCMF (1983) 'Fire weather indices - decision aids for forest operations in British Columbia.' Forest Protection Handbook 12. (British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Protection Branch: Victoria, BC)
    • (1983) Forest Protection Handbook , vol.12
  • 19
    • 33644829062 scopus 로고
    • Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Forest Fire Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario. Information Report FF-X-8. [First published]
    • Beall HW (1967) Research in the measurement of forest fire danger. Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Forest Fire Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario. Information Report FF-X-8. [First published 1947]
    • (1947) Research in the Measurement of Forest Fire Danger
    • Beall, H.W.1
  • 20
    • 33644825710 scopus 로고
    • Fire research in Canada's federal forestry service - The formative years
    • 'The art and science of fire management'. Tech. coords ME Alexander, GF Bisgrove. Forestry Canada. Information Report NOR-X-309. (Northern Forestry Centre: Edmonton)
    • Beall HW (1990) Fire research in Canada's federal forestry service - the formative years. In 'The art and science of fire management'. Proceedings of the first Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop. (Tech. coords ME Alexander, GF Bisgrove) pp. 14-19. Forestry Canada. Information Report NOR-X-309. (Northern Forestry Centre: Edmonton)
    • (1990) Proceedings of the First Interior West Fire Council Annual Meeting and Workshop , pp. 14-19
    • Beall, H.W.1
  • 23
    • 0036995164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting diurnal variations in fire intensity to enhance wildland firefighter safety
    • doi:10.1071/WF02002
    • Beck JA, Alexander ME, Harvey SD, Beaver AK (2002) Forecasting diurnal variations in fire intensity to enhance wildland firefighter safety. International Journal of Wildland Fire 11, 173-182. doi:10.1071/WF02002
    • (2002) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.11 , pp. 173-182
    • Beck, J.A.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Harvey, S.D.3    Beaver, A.K.4
  • 26
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • Ed. KP Davis. McGraw-Hill: New York
    • Byram GM (1959) Combustion of forest fuels. In 'Forest fire: control and use'. (Ed. KP Davis) pp. 61-89. (McGraw-Hill: New York)
    • (1959) Forest Fire: Control and Use , pp. 61-89
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 27
    • 0004176558 scopus 로고
    • Tables for the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System
    • 4th edn. Canadian Forestry Service: Ottawa, ON
    • Canadian Forestry Service (1984) 'Tables for the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System.' 4th edn. Environment Canada, Forestry Technical Report 25. (Canadian Forestry Service: Ottawa, ON)
    • (1984) Environment Canada, Forestry Technical Report 25
  • 29
    • 0013281647 scopus 로고
    • Poster with text. (Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry: Fairbanks, AK and Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service: Edmonton, AB)
    • Cole FV, Alexander ME (1995) 'Head fire intensity class graph for FBP System Fuel Type C-2 (Boreal Spruce).' Poster with text. (Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry: Fairbanks, AK and Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service: Edmonton, AB)
    • (1995) Head Fire Intensity Class Graph for FBP System Fuel Type C-2 (Boreal Spruce)
    • Cole, F.V.1    Alexander, M.E.2
  • 30
    • 2242439089 scopus 로고
    • Rating fire danger by the multiple basic index system
    • Countryman CM (1966) Rating fire danger by the multiple basic index system. Journal of Forestry 64, 531-536.
    • (1966) Journal of Forestry , vol.64 , pp. 531-536
    • Countryman, C.M.1
  • 31
    • 1342331811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the probability of crown fire initiation based on fire danger indices
    • Cruz MG, Alexander ME, Wakimoto RH (2003) Assessing the probability of crown fire initiation based on fire danger indices. Forestry Chronicle 79, 976-983.
    • (2003) Forestry Chronicle , vol.79 , pp. 976-983
    • Cruz, M.G.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Wakimoto, R.H.3
  • 34
    • 33644821234 scopus 로고
    • Technology transfer in Saskatchewan: Operational use of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System
    • Eds DC MacIver, H Auld, R Whitewood. Forestry Canada and Environment Canada: Ottawa, ON
    • de Groot WJ (1989) Technology transfer in Saskatchewan: operational use of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. In 'Proceedings of the 10th conference on fire and forest meteorology'. (Eds DC MacIver, H Auld, R Whitewood) pp. 327-332. (Forestry Canada and Environment Canada: Ottawa, ON)
    • (1989) Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 327-332
    • De Groot, W.J.1
  • 35
    • 21744437005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibrating the Fine Fuel Moisture Code for grass ignition potential in Sumatra, Indonesia
    • de Groot WJ, Wardati , Wang Y (2005) Calibrating the Fine Fuel Moisture Code for grass ignition potential in Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, 161-168.
    • (2005) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.14 , pp. 161-168
    • De Groot, W.J.1    Wardati2    Wang, Y.3
  • 37
    • 0002052350 scopus 로고
    • Fixation errors: Failures to revise situation assessment in dynamic and risky systems
    • Eds AG Colombo, A Saiz de Bustamante. Kluwer Academic: Amsterdam
    • De Keyser V, Woods DD (1990) Fixation errors: failures to revise situation assessment in dynamic and risky systems. In 'System reliability assessment'. (Eds AG Colombo, A Saiz de Bustamante) pp. 231-251. (Kluwer Academic: Amsterdam)
    • (1990) System Reliability Assessment , pp. 231-251
    • De Keyser, V.1    Woods, D.D.2
  • 38
    • 1642463346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A drought-based predictor of recent haze events in western Indonesia
    • doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2004.01.011
    • Field RD, Wang Y, Roswintiarti O, Guswanto (2004) A drought-based predictor of recent haze events in western Indonesia. Atmospheric Environment 38, 1869-1878. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2004.01.011
    • (2004) Atmospheric Environment , vol.38 , pp. 1869-1878
    • Field, R.D.1    Wang, Y.2    Roswintiarti, O.3    Guswanto4
  • 39
    • 33644819581 scopus 로고
    • A review of 'Fire danger ratings associated with New Zealand's major pine plantation wildfires' by HG Pearce and ME Alexander. Fire Technology Transfer Note No. 3. (New Zealand Forest Research Institute: Rotorura and National Rural Fire Authority: Wellington)
    • Fogarty LG (1994) Fire problem, what fire problem? A review of 'Fire danger ratings associated with New Zealand's major pine plantation wildfires' by HG Pearce and ME Alexander. Fire Technology Transfer Note No. 3. (New Zealand Forest Research Institute: Rotorura and National Rural Fire Authority: Wellington)
    • (1994) Fire Problem, What Fire Problem?
    • Fogarty, L.G.1
  • 42
    • 0004176563 scopus 로고
    • Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System
    • Science and Sustainable Development Directorate: Ottawa, ON
    • Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group (1992) Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System. Forestry Canada, Information Report ST-X-3. (Science and Sustainable Development Directorate: Ottawa, ON)
    • (1992) Forestry Canada, Information Report ST-X-3
  • 45
    • 0010398691 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of fire weather severity in northern Alberta during the 1980 and 1981 fire seasons
    • Harvey DA, Alexander ME, Janz B (1986) A comparison of fire weather severity in northern Alberta during the 1980 and 1981 fire seasons. Forestry Chronicle 62, 507-513.
    • (1986) Forestry Chronicle , vol.62 , pp. 507-513
    • Harvey, D.A.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Janz, B.3
  • 47
    • 33644823563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest floor moisture content and fire danger indices in Alaska
    • USDI Bureau of Land Management: Anchorage, AK
    • Jandt R, Allen J, Horschel E (2005) Forest floor moisture content and fire danger indices in Alaska. BLM-Alaska Technical Report 54. (USDI Bureau of Land Management: Anchorage, AK)
    • (2005) BLM-Alaska Technical Report 54
    • Jandt, R.1    Allen, J.2    Horschel, E.3
  • 48
    • 0343119950 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of a national system of fire danger rating in Alberta, Canada: A case study in technology transfer
    • International Union of Forest Research Organizations: Vienna
    • Kiil AD, Quintilio D, Alexander ME (1986) Adaptation of a national system of fire danger rating in Alberta, Canada: a case study in technology transfer. In 'Proceedings 18th IUFRO world congress, division 6: General subjects'. pp. 410-421. (International Union of Forest Research Organizations: Vienna)
    • (1986) Proceedings 18th IUFRO World Congress, Division 6: General Subjects , pp. 410-421
    • Kiil, A.D.1    Quintilio, D.2    Alexander, M.E.3
  • 50
    • 0003626552 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the daily occurrence of lightning-caused forest fires
    • Petawawa National Forestry Institute: Chalk River, ON
    • Kourtz P, Todd B (1992) Predicting the daily occurrence of lightning-caused forest fires. Forestry Canada, Information Report PI-X-112. (Petawawa National Forestry Institute: Chalk River, ON)
    • (1992) Forestry Canada, Information Report PI-X-112
    • Kourtz, P.1    Todd, B.2
  • 51
    • 1342271267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilities of sustained ignition in lodgepole pine, interior Douglas-fir, and white spruce-subalpine fir forest types
    • Canadian Forest Service. Pacific Forestry Centre and British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch: Victoria, BC
    • Lawson BD, Dalrymple GN (1996a) Probabilities of sustained ignition in lodgepole pine, interior Douglas-fir, and white spruce-subalpine fir forest types. Canadian Forest Service, FRDA Handbook 12 Supplement 1. (Pacific Forestry Centre and British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch: Victoria, BC)
    • (1996) FRDA Handbook , vol.12 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Lawson, B.D.1    Dalrymple, G.N.2
  • 52
    • 33644818132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground-truthing the Drought Code: Field verification of overwinter recharge of forest floor moisture
    • Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Pacific Forestry Centre and British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch: Victoria, BC
    • Lawson BD, Dalrymple GN (1996b) Ground-truthing the Drought Code: field verification of overwinter recharge of forest floor moisture. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, FRDA Report 268. (Pacific Forestry Centre and British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch: Victoria, BC)
    • (1996) FRDA Report 268
    • Lawson, B.D.1    Dalrymple, G.N.2
  • 53
    • 0011844073 scopus 로고
    • A system for predicting fire behavior in Canadian forests
    • SAF Publication 85-04. Eds LR Donoghue, RE Martin. Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD
    • Lawson BD, Stocks BJ, Alexander ME, Van Wagner CE (1985) A system for predicting fire behavior in Canadian forests. In 'Proceedings of the 8th conference on fire and forest meteorology'. SAF Publication 85-04. (Eds LR Donoghue, RE Martin) pp. 6-16. (Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD)
    • (1985) Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 6-16
    • Lawson, B.D.1    Stocks, B.J.2    Alexander, M.E.3    Van Wagner, C.E.4
  • 55
    • 0003626893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation in the Fine Fuel Moisture Code: Tables and computer source code
    • Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Pacific Forestry Centre and British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch: Victoria, BC
    • Lawson BD, Armitage OB, Hoskins WD (1996) Diurnal variation in the Fine Fuel Moisture Code: tables and computer source code. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, FRDA Report 245. (Pacific Forestry Centre and British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research Branch: Victoria, BC)
    • (1996) FRDA Report 245
    • Lawson, B.D.1    Armitage, O.B.2    Hoskins, W.D.3
  • 60
    • 0034454249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development, systems, and evaluation of forest fire danger rating: A review
    • Lin C-C (2000) The development, systems, and evaluation of forest fire danger rating: a review. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 15, 507-520.
    • (2000) Taiwan Journal of Forest Science , vol.15 , pp. 507-520
    • Lin, C.-C.1
  • 62
    • 33644828296 scopus 로고
    • Suitability of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System for use in the Daxinganiing Forestry Management Bureau, Heilongliang Province, China
    • Eds DC MacIver, H Auld, R Whitewood. Forestry Canada and Environment Canada: Ottawa, ON
    • Lynham TJ, Stocks BJ (1990) Suitability of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System for use in the Daxinganiing Forestry Management Bureau, Heilongliang Province, China. In 'Proceedings of the 10th conference on fire and forest meteorology'. (Eds DC MacIver, H Auld, R Whitewood) pp. 232-246. (Forestry Canada and Environment Canada: Ottawa, ON)
    • (1990) Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 232-246
    • Lynham, T.J.1    Stocks, B.J.2
  • 66
    • 33644821521 scopus 로고
    • Tripartite agreement on wildland fire science research signed
    • McCaw WL, Alexander ME (1994) Tripartite agreement on wildland fire science research signed. International Forest Fire News 11, 27-29.
    • (1994) International Forest Fire News , vol.11 , pp. 27-29
    • McCaw, W.L.1    Alexander, M.E.2
  • 69
    • 0012305896 scopus 로고
    • The Keetch/Byram Drought Index: A guide to fire conditions and suppression problems
    • Melton M (1989) The Keetch/Byram Drought Index: a guide to fire conditions and suppression problems. Fire Management Notes 50(4), 30-34.
    • (1989) Fire Management Notes , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 30-34
    • Melton, M.1
  • 70
    • 85017280037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Keetch-Byram Drought Index revisited: Prescribed fire applications
    • Melton M (1996) The Keetch-Byram Drought Index revisited: prescribed fire applications. Fire Management Notes 56(4), 7-11.
    • (1996) Fire Management Notes , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 7-11
    • Melton, M.1
  • 71
    • 33644827812 scopus 로고
    • Glossary of forest fire management terms
    • Merrill DF, Alexander ME (Eds) 4th edn. Canadian Committee on Forest Fire Management: Ottawa, ON
    • Merrill DF, Alexander ME (Eds) (1987) 'Glossary of forest fire management terms.' 4th edn. National Research Council of Canada, Publication NRCC No. 26516. (Canadian Committee on Forest Fire Management: Ottawa, ON)
    • (1987) National Research Council of Canada, Publication NRCC No. 26516
  • 72
    • 39749093168 scopus 로고
    • The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information
    • Miller GA (1956) The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63, 81-97.
    • (1956) Psychological Review , vol.63 , pp. 81-97
    • Miller, G.A.1
  • 73
    • 33644826127 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of research and development accomplishments: Northern Forestry Centre
    • Moore W, Newstead R (1992) Evaluation of research and development accomplishments: Northern Forestry Centre. The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 7, 41-51.
    • (1992) The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation , vol.7 , pp. 41-51
    • Moore, W.1    Newstead, R.2
  • 74
    • 33644825158 scopus 로고
    • A modular approach to a revised national fire danger rating system
    • Canada Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Forestry Branch, Information Report BC-X-37. (Forest Research Laboratory: Victoria, BC)
    • Muraro SJ (1968) A modular approach to a revised national fire danger rating system. In 'Contributions to the development of a national fire danger rating system'. Canada Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Forestry Branch, Information Report BC-X-37. (Forest Research Laboratory: Victoria, BC)
    • (1968) Contributions to the Development of a National Fire Danger Rating System
    • Muraro, S.J.1
  • 75
    • 0008549890 scopus 로고
    • Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, slide-rule with text. (Pacific Forest Research Centre: Victoria, BC)
    • Muraro SJ (1975) 'Prescribed fire predictor/planner.' Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, slide-rule with text. (Pacific Forest Research Centre: Victoria, BC)
    • (1975) Prescribed Fire Predictor/planner
    • Muraro, S.J.1
  • 78
    • 10344252745 scopus 로고
    • Fire danger ratings associated with New Zealand's major pine plantation wildfires
    • SAF Publication 94-02. Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD
    • Pearce HG, Alexander ME (1994) Fire danger ratings associated with New Zealand's major pine plantation wildfires. In 'Proceedings of the 12th conference on fire and forest meteorology'. SAF Publication 94-02. pp. 534-543. (Society of American Foresters: Bethesda, MD)
    • (1994) Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 534-543
    • Pearce, H.G.1    Alexander, M.E.2
  • 79
    • 0024904216 scopus 로고
    • A model to predict the moisture content of reindeer lichen
    • Pech G (1989) A model to predict the moisture content of reindeer lichen. Forest Science 35, 1014-1028.
    • (1989) Forest Science , vol.35 , pp. 1014-1028
    • Pech, G.1
  • 80
    • 33644818033 scopus 로고
    • Forest fire management planning, Kenya: Fire danger rating for forest areas
    • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO: Rome
    • Peet GB (1980) Forest fire management planning, Kenya: fire danger rating for forest areas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Document FO:DP.KEN/74/024 Technical Report 1. (FAO: Rome)
    • (1980) FAO Document FO:DP.KEN/74/024 Technical Report 1
    • Peet, G.B.1
  • 82
    • 33644826044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current methods to assess fire danger potential
    • 'Wildland fire danger estimation and mapping - the role of remote sensing data' Ed. E Chuvieco. World Scientific Publishing: Singapore
    • San-Miguel-Ayanz J, Carlson JD, Alexander M, Tolhurst K, Morgan G, Sneeuwjagt R, Dudfield M (2003). Current methods to assess fire danger potential. In 'Wildland fire danger estimation and mapping - the role of remote sensing data'. Series in Remote Sensing Volume 4. (Ed. E Chuvieco) pp. 21-61. (World Scientific Publishing: Singapore)
    • (2003) Series in Remote Sensing , vol.4 , pp. 21-61
    • San-Miguel-Ayanz, J.1    Carlson, J.D.2    Alexander, M.3    Tolhurst, K.4    Morgan, G.5    Sneeuwjagt, R.6    Dudfield, M.7
  • 83
    • 33644832927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System: Training now available on CD-ROM
    • St John P, Alexander ME (2004) Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System: training now available on CD-ROM. Fire Management Today 64(2), 54-55.
    • (2004) Fire Management Today , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 54-55
    • St John, P.1    Alexander, M.E.2
  • 84
    • 2942725514 scopus 로고
    • Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Poster with text. (Great Lakes Forestry Centre: Sault Ste Marie, ON)
    • Stocks BJ, Hartley GR (1995) 'Fire behavior in three jackpine fuel complexes.' Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Poster with text. (Great Lakes Forestry Centre: Sault Ste Marie, ON)
    • (1995) Fire Behavior in Three Jackpine Fuel Complexes
    • Stocks, B.J.1    Hartley, G.R.2
  • 86
    • 8644226993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment (ICFME)
    • doi:10.1139/X04-905
    • Stocks BJ, Alexander ME, Lanoville RA (2004) An overview of the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment (ICFME). Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, 1543-1547. doi:10.1139/X04-905
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.34 , pp. 1543-1547
    • Stocks, B.J.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Lanoville, R.A.3
  • 88
    • 20044386714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of stand structure on surface fire ignition potential in Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris forests in southern Finland
    • doi:10.1139/X04-188
    • Tanskanen H, Venäläinen A, Puttonen P, Granström A (2005) Impact of stand structure on surface fire ignition potential in Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris forests in southern Finland. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, 410-420. doi:10.1139/X04-188
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.35 , pp. 410-420
    • Tanskanen, H.1    Venäläinen, A.2    Puttonen, P.3    Granström, A.4
  • 91
    • 0025591953 scopus 로고
    • The Jiagedqui Project: Forest fire control in China
    • Thomas B (1990) The Jiagedqui Project: Forest fire control in China. Forestry Chronicle 66, 266-270.
    • (1990) Forestry Chronicle , vol.66 , pp. 266-270
    • Thomas, B.1
  • 92
    • 0034464915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of interactive multimedia CD-ROM technology to wildland fire safety training
    • Thorburn RW, MacMillan A, Alexander ME (2000) The application of interactive multimedia CD-ROM technology to wildland fire safety training. Forestry Chronicle 76, 953-959.
    • (2000) Forestry Chronicle , vol.76 , pp. 953-959
    • Thorburn, R.W.1    MacMillan, A.2    Alexander, M.E.3
  • 94
    • 0003626552 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the daily occurrence of people-caused forest fires
    • Petawawa National Forestry Institute: Chalk River, ON
    • Todd B, Kourtz PH (1991) Predicting the daily occurrence of people-caused forest fires. Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report PI-X-103. (Petawawa National Forestry Institute: Chalk River, ON)
    • (1991) Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report PI-X-103
    • Todd, B.1    Kourtz, P.H.2
  • 95
    • 21344469390 scopus 로고
    • Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report BC-X-80. (Pacific Forest Research Centre: Victoria, BC)
    • Turner JA (1973) A fire load index for British Columbia. Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report BC-X-80. (Pacific Forest Research Centre: Victoria, BC)
    • (1973) A Fire Load Index for British Columbia
    • Turner, J.A.1
  • 97
    • 2942727663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROMETHEUS: The Canadian wildland fire growth model
    • Tymstra C (2002) PROMETHEUS: the Canadian wildland fire growth model. Initial Attack 2002(Spring), 8-9.
    • (2002) Initial Attack , vol.2002 , Issue.SPRING , pp. 8-9
    • Tymstra, C.1
  • 98
    • 0004186420 scopus 로고
    • (Transl. SB Griffith) (Oxford University Press: London)
    • Tzu S (1963) 'The art of war.' (Transl. SB Griffith) (Oxford University Press: London)
    • (1963) The Art of War
    • Tzu, S.1
  • 100
    • 4544283561 scopus 로고
    • New developments in forest fire danger rating
    • Canadian Forestry Service, Petawawa Forest Experiment Station: Chalk River, ON
    • Van Wagner CE (1970) New developments in forest fire danger rating. Environment Canada, Information Report PS-X-19. (Canadian Forestry Service, Petawawa Forest Experiment Station: Chalk River, ON)
    • (1970) Environment Canada, Information Report PS-X-19
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 101
    • 9644261068 scopus 로고
    • Environment Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Information Report PS-X-29. (Petawawa Forest Experiment Station: Chalk River, ON)
    • Van Wagner CE (1971) Two solitudes in forest fire research. Environment Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Information Report PS-X-29. (Petawawa Forest Experiment Station: Chalk River, ON)
    • (1971) Two Solitudes in Forest Fire Research
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 102
    • 0004176560 scopus 로고
    • Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System
    • Canadian Forestry Service: Ottawa, ON
    • Van Wagner CE (1987a) Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Environment Canada, Forestry Technical Report 35. (Canadian Forestry Service: Ottawa, ON)
    • (1987) Environment Canada, Forestry Technical Report 35
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 103
    • 33644828630 scopus 로고
    • A moisture content model for medium-sized logging slash
    • American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA
    • Van Wagner CE (1987b) A moisture content model for medium-sized logging slash. In 'Proceedings of the 9th conference on fire and forest meteorology'. pp. 34-40. (American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA)
    • (1987) Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 34-40
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 104
    • 0002069210 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of the United States Fire Danger Rating System to fynbos conditions. Part II. Historic fire danger in the fynbos biome
    • Van Wilgen BW, Burgan RE (1984) Adaptation of the United States Fire Danger Rating System to fynbos conditions. Part II. Historic fire danger in the fynbos biome. South African Forestry Journal 129, 66-78.
    • (1984) South African Forestry Journal , vol.129 , pp. 66-78
    • Van Wilgen, B.W.1    Burgan, R.E.2
  • 108
    • 33644819582 scopus 로고
    • The Jiagedaqui fire management project (JIAPRO): An example of international assistance
    • 'The art and science of fire management' Tech. coords ME Alexander, GF Bisgrove. Forestry Canada, Information Report NOR-X-309. (Northern Forestry Centre: Edmonton, AB)
    • White RA, Rush MF (1990) The Jiagedaqui fire management project (JIAPRO): an example of international assistance. In 'The art and science of fire management'. Proceedings of the first Interior West Fire Council annual meeting and workshop. (Tech. coords ME Alexander, GF Bisgrove) pp. 287-296. Forestry Canada, Information Report NOR-X-309. (Northern Forestry Centre: Edmonton, AB)
    • (1990) Proceedings of the First Interior West Fire Council Annual Meeting and Workshop , pp. 287-296
    • White, R.A.1    Rush, M.F.2
  • 110
    • 33644823287 scopus 로고
    • Publication No. 1027. (Canada Department of Forestry: Ottawa, ON)
    • Williams DE (1964) 'Forest fire danger manual.' Publication No. 1027. (Canada Department of Forestry: Ottawa, ON)
    • (1964) Forest Fire Danger Manual
    • Williams, D.E.1
  • 111
    • 0034682012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health care, federalism and the new Social Union
    • Wilson K (2000) Health care, federalism and the new Social Union. Canadian Medical Association Journal 162, 1171-1174.
    • (2000) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.162 , pp. 1171-1174
    • Wilson, K.1
  • 112
    • 26944479692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lightning fire occurrence model for Ontario
    • doi:10.1139/X05-071
    • Wotton BM, Martell DL (2005) A lightning fire occurrence model for Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, 1389-1401. doi:10.1139/X05-071
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.35 , pp. 1389-1401
    • Wotton, B.M.1    Martell, D.L.2
  • 113
    • 0242663272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and people-caused forest fire occurrence in Ontario
    • doi:10.1023/A:1026075919710
    • Wotton BM, Martell DL, Logan KA (2003) Climate change and people-caused forest fire occurrence in Ontario. Climatic Change 60, 275-295. doi:10.1023/A:1026075919710
    • (2003) Climatic Change , vol.60 , pp. 275-295
    • Wotton, B.M.1    Martell, D.L.2    Logan, K.A.3
  • 114
    • 21744461954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An index for tracking sheltered forest floor moisture within the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System
    • Wotton BM, Stocks BJ, Martell DL (2005) An index for tracking sheltered forest floor moisture within the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, 169-182.
    • (2005) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.14 , pp. 169-182
    • Wotton, B.M.1    Stocks, B.J.2    Martell, D.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.