Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a transgressive, muddy gravel beach: Waterside Beach, Bay of Fundy, Canada

Sedimentology

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 279-296

  Dashtgard, Shahin E ^a   Gingras, Murray K ^a   Butler, Karl E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

Author keywords

Beach; Conglomerate; Macrotidal; Mud and gravel; Muddy conglomerate; Sedimentology; Stratigraphy; Transgressive

Indexed keywords

COASTAL SEDIMENT; SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURE; TRANSGRESSION;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; BAY OF FUNDY;

EID: 33644808326     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: 13653091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00773.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Allen, J.R.L. (1997) Simulation models of salt-marsh morphodynamics: some implications for high-intertidal sediment couplets related to sea level change. Sed. Geol., 113, 211-223.
2. Allen, J.R.L. (2000) Morphodynamics of Holocene salt marshes: A review sketch from the Atlantic and Southern North Sea coasts of Europe. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 19, 1155-1231.
3. Amos, C.L. (1987) Fine-grained sediment transport in Chignecto Bay, Bay of Fundy, Canada. Cont. Shelf Res., 7, 1295-1300.
4. Amos, C.L. and Asprey, K.W. (1979) Geophysical and Sedimentary Studies in the Chignecto Bay System, Bay of Fundy - A Progress Report. Current Research Paper 79-1B, pp. 245-252. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
5. Amos, C.L., Tee, K.T. and Zaitlin, B.A. (1991) The post-glacial evolution of Chignecto Bay, Bay of Fundy, and its modern environment of deposition. In: Clastic Tidal Sedimentology (Eds D.G. Smith, G.E. Reinson, B.A. Zaitlin and R.A. Rahmani), Memoir 16, pp. 59-89. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB, Canada.
6. Anthony, E.J., Levoy, F. and Monfort, O. (2004) Morphodynamics of intertidal bars on a megatidal beach, Merlimont, Northern France. Mar. Geol., 208, 73-100.
7. Bartholomä, A., Ibbeken, H. and Schleyer, R. (1998) Modification of gravel during longshore transport (Bianco Beach, Calabria, southern Italy). J. Sed. Res., 68, 138-147.
8. Bluck, B.J. (1967) Sedimentation of beach gravels: Examples from south Wales. J. Sed. Petrol., 37, 128-156.
9. Bluck, B.J. (1999) Clast assembling, bed-forms, and structure in gravel beaches. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci., 89, 291-323.
10. Boggs, S. Jr. (1995) Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 774 pp.
11. Bouma, A.H. (1969) Methods for the Study of Sedimentary Structures. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 458 pp.
12. Bourgeois, J. and Leithold, E.L. (1984) Wave-worked conglomerates-depositional processes and criteria for recognition. In: Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates (Eds E.H. Koster and R.J. Steel), Memoir 10, pp. 331-343. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB, Canada.
13. Caddell, E.M. and Moslow, T.F. (2004) Outcrop sedimentology and stratal architecture of the Lower Albian Falher C sub-Member, Spirit River Formation, Bullmoose Mountain, northeastern British Columbia. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol., 52, 4-22.
14. Carr, A.P. (1969) Size grading along a pebble beach: Chesil Beach, England. J. Sed. Petrol., 39, 297-311.
15. Carr, A.P., Gleason, R. and King, A. (1970) Significance of pebble size and shape in sorting by waves. Sed. Geol., 4, 89-101.
16. Church, M.A., McLean, D.G. and Wolcott, J.F. (1987) River bed gravels: sampling and analysis. In: Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers (Eds C.R. Thorne, J.C. Bathurst and R.D. Hey), pp. 43-79. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
17. Clifton, H.E. (1981) Progradational sequences in Miocene shoreline deposits, southeastern Caliente range, California. J. Sed. Petrol., 51, 165-184.
18. Clifton, H.E. (1988) Sedimentologic approaches to paleobathymetry, with applications to the Merced Formation of central California. Palaios, 3, 507-522.
19. Dashtgard, S.E. and Gingras, M.K. (2005) Facies architecture and ichnology of recent salt-marsh deposits: Waterside Marsh, New Brunswick, Canada. J. Sed. Res., 75, 596-607.
20. Folk, R.L. and Ward, W.C. (1957) Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters. J. Sed. Petrol., 27, 3-26.
21. Forbes, D.L. and Taylor, R.B. (1987) Coarse-grained beach sedimentation under paraglacial conditions, Canadian Atlantic Coast. In: Glaciated Coasts (Eds D.M. FitzGerald and P.S. Rosen), pp. 51-86. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
22. French, J.R. (1993) Numerical simulation of vertical marsh growth and adjustment to accelerated sea-level rise, north Norfolk, U.K. Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 18, 63-81.
23. Greenwood, B. and Davidson-Arnott, R.G.D. (1979) Sedimentation and equilibrium in wave-formed bars: A review and case study. Can. J. Earth Sci., 16, 312-332.
24. Hart, B.S. and Plint, A.G. (1989) Gravelly shoreface deposits: A comparison of modern and ancient facies sequences. Sedimentology, 36, 551-557.
25. Hart, B.S. and Plint, A.G. (2003) Stratigraphy and sedimentology of shoreface and fluvial conglomerates: Insights from the Cardium Formation in NW Alberta and adjacent British Columbia. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol., 51, 437-464.
26. Hoey, T.B. (2004) The size of sedimentary particles. In: A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments (Eds D.J.A. Evans and D.I. Benn), pp. 52-77. Arnold Publishers, London, UK.
27. King, C.A.M. (1972) Beaches and Coasts. Edward Arnold, London, UK, 570 pp.
28. King, C.A.M. and Williams, W.W. (1949) The formation and movement of sand bars by wave action. Geogr. J., 113, 70-85.
29. Kirk, R.M. (1980) Mixed sand and gravel beaches: Morphology, processes and sediments. Prog. Phys. Geogr., 4, 189-210.
30. Kroon, A. and Masselink, G. (2002) Morphodynamics of intertidal bar morphology on a macrotidal beach under low-energy wave conditions, North Lincolnshire, England. Mar. Geol., 190, 591-608.
31. Krumbein, W.C. and Pettijohn, F.J. (1938) Manual of Sedimentary Petrology. Appleton-Century Crofts, New York, 549 pp.
32. Maejima, W. (1982) Texture and stratification of gravelly beach sediments, Enju Beach, Kii Peninsula, Japan. J. Geosci. Osaka City Univ., 25, 35-51.
33. Massari, F. and Parea, G.C. (1988) Progradational gravel beach sequences in a moderate- to high-energy, microtidal marine environment. Sedimentology, 35, 881-913.
34. Masselink, G. (1993) Simulating the effects of tides on beach morphodynamics. J. Coastal Res. Spec. Issue, 15, 180-197.
35. Masselink, G. and Short, A.D. (1993) The effect of tidal range on beach morphodynamics and morphology: A conceptual beach model. J. Coast. Res., 9, 785-800.
36. McCave, I.N. and Geiser, A.C. (1978) Megaripples, ridges and runnels on intertidal flats of the Wash, England. Sedimentology, 26, 353-369.
37. McLean, R.F. and Kirk, R.M. (1969) Relationships between grain size, size-sorting, and foreshore slope on mixed sand-shingle beaches. NZ J. Geol. Geophys., 12, 138-155.
38. McLeod, M.J. and Johnson, S.C. (1999) Bedrock geological compilation of the Alma map area (NTS 21 H/14), Albert County, New Brunswick. Plate 99-25. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Minerals and Energy Division.
39. Nemec, W. and Steel, R.J. (1984) Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits. In: Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates (Eds E.H. Koster and R.J. Steel), Memoir 10, pp. 1- 31. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, AB, Canada.
40. Plint, A.G. (1986) Slump blocks, intraformational conglomerates and associated erosional structures in Pennsylvanian fluvial strata of eastern Canada. Sedimentology, 33, 387-399.
41. Postma, G. and Nemec, W. (1990) Regressive and transgressive sequences in a raised Holocene gravelly beach, southwestern Crete. Sedimentology, 37, 907-920.
42. Pye, K. and French, P.W. (1993) Erosion and Acretion Processes on British Salt Marshes. Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants, Cambridge, UK.
43. Rampton, V.N., Gauthier, R.C., Thibault, J. and Seaman, A.A. (1984) Quaternary Geology of New Brunswick, Memoir 416. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
44. Reading, H.G. and Collinson, J.D. (1996) Clastic coasts. In: Sedimentary Environments; Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy, 3rd edn (Ed. H.G. Reading), pp. 154-231. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
45. Rice, S. and Church, M.A. (1996) Sampling surficial fluvial gravels: The precision of size distribution percentile estimates. J. Sed. Res., 66, 654-665.
46. Roy, P.S., Cowell, P.J., Ferland, M.A. and Thom, B.G. (1994) Wave-dominated coasts. In: Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary Shoreline Morphodynamics (Eds R.W.G. Carter and C.D. Woodroffe), pp. 121-186. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
47. St. Peter, C. (1996) Carboniferous Geology of the Waterside-Midway Area (NTS 21 H/10f), Albert County, New Brunswick. Plate 96-51C. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Minerals and Energy Division.
48. Sunamura, T. and Takeda, I. (1984) Landward migration of inner bars. Mar. Geol., 60, 63-78.
49. Wescott, W.A. and Ethridge, F.G. (1982) Bathymetry and sediment dispersal dynamics along the Yallahs fan delta front, Jamaica. Mar. Geol., 46, 245-260.
50. Wolman, M.G. (1954) A method for sampling coarse river-bed material. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 35, 951-956.
51. Wright, L.D., Nielsen, P., Short, A.D. and Green, M.O. (1982) Morphodynamics of a macrotidal beach. Mar. Geol., 50, 97-128.
52. Yang, B.C., Dalrymple, R.W. and Chun, S.S. (2005) Sedimentation on a wave-dominated, open-coast tidal flat, south-western Korea: A summer tidal flat - winter shoreface. Sedimentology, 52, 235-252.
53. Zonneveld, J.-P. and Moslow, T.F. (2004) Exploration potential of the Falher G shoreface conglomerate trend: Evidence from outcrop. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol., 52, 23-38.