The pathogenesis of optic disc splinter haemorrhages: A new hypothesis

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

Volumn 84, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 62-68

  Grieshaber, Matthias C ^a   Terhorst, Tobias ^a   Flammer, Josef ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY EYE CLINIC   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Blood retinal barrier; Endothelin; Glaucoma; Matrix metalloproteinase; Optic disc haemorrhage; Vascular dysregulation

Indexed keywords

ENDOTHELIN 1;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD RETINA BARRIER; BLOOD SAMPLING; CASE REPORT; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; EYE BLOOD FLOW; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTRAOCULAR HEMORRHAGE; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; OCULAR BLOOD VESSEL; OPHTHALMOSCOPY; OPTIC DISK; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VASCULAR DISEASE; VISUAL FIELD;

BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; COLD; ENDOTHELIN-1; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; MIDDLE AGED; NAILS; OPTIC DISK; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; PHILOSOPHY; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; RETINAL HEMORRHAGE; VISUAL FIELDS;

EID: 33644798789     PISSN: 13953907     EISSN: 16000420     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00590.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ahn JK, Kang JH & Park KH (2004): Correlation between a disc haemorrhage and peripapillary atrophy in glaucoma patients with a unilateral disc haemorrhage. J Glaucoma 13: 9-14.
2. Ahn JK & Park KH (2002): Morphometric change analysis of the optic nerve head in unilateral disc haemorrhage cases. Am J Ophthalmol 134: 920-922.
3. Airaksinen PJ & Heijl A (1983): Visual field and retinal nerve fibre layer in early glaucoma after optic disc haemorrhage. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 61: 186-194.
4. Arend O, Remky A, Plange N, Kaup M & Schwartz B (2005): Fluorescein leakage of the optic disc in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 243: 659-664.
5. Beltrame JH, Sasayama S & Maseri A (1999): Racial heterogeneity in coronary artery vasomotor reactivity: Differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 33: 1442-1452.
6. Bengtsson B (1990): Optic disc haemorrhages preceding manifest glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 68: 450-454.
7. Bengtsson B, Holmin C & Krakau CE (1981): Disc haemorrhage and glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 59: 1-14.
8. Bhattacherjee P, Mukhopadhyay P, Tilley SL, Koller BH, Geoghgan T & Paterson CA (2002): Blood-aqueous barrier in prostaglandin EP2 receptor knockout mice. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 10: 187-196.
9. Bito LZ (1996): Impact of intraocular pressure on venous outflow from the globe: A hypothesis regarding IOP-dependent vascular damage in normal-tension and hypertensive glaucoma. J Glaucoma 5: 127-134.
10. Bjerrum J (1889): Om en Tiloföjelse til den saedvanlige Synfeltsundersökelse samt om Synsfeltet ved Glaukom. Nord Ophthalmol Tskr (Copenhagen) 2: 141-185.
11. Bohm F, Settergren M, Gonon AT & Pernow J (2004): The endothelin-1 receptor antagonist bosentan protects from ischaemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction in humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 108: 357-363.
12. Borel CO, McKee A, Parra A et al. (2003): Possible role for vascular cell proliferation in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Stroke 34: 427-433.
13. Buckley C, Hadoke PW, Henry E & O'Brien C (2002): Systemic vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in normal pressure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 86: 227-232.
14. Chesler NC, Ku DN & Galis ZS (1999): Transmural pressure induces matrix-degrading activity in porcine arteries ex vivo. Am J Physiol 277: 2002-2009.
15. Derevjanik NL, Vinores SA, Xiao WH, Mori K, Turon T, Hudish T, Dong S & Campochiaro PA (2002): Quantitative assessment of the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43: 2462-2467.
16. Drance SM & Begg IS (1970): Sector haemorrhage - a probable acute ischaemic disc change in chronic simple glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol 5: 137-141.
17. Emre M, Orgul S, Gugleta K & Flammer J (2004): Ocular blood flow alteration in glaucoma is related to systemic vascular dysregulation. Br J Ophthalmol 88: 662-666.
18. Emre M, Orgul S, Haufschild T, Shaw SG & Flammer J (2005): Increased plasma endothelin-1 levels in patients with progressive open-angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 89: 60-63.
19. Flammer J (2001): Die glaukomatöse Optiku-sneuropathie. Ein Reperfusionsschaden. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 218: 290+291.
20. Flammer J, Pache M & Resink T (2001): Vasospasm, its role in the pathogenesis of diseases with particular reference to the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 20: 319-349.
21. Galis ZS & Khatri JJ (2002): Matrix metalloproteinases in vascular remodelling and atherogenesis: The good, the bad and the ugly. Circ Res 90: 251-262.
22. Gasser P & Flammer J (1991): Blood cell velocity in the nailfold capillaries of patients with normal-tension or high-tension glaucoma and of healthy controls. Am J Ophthalmol 111: 585-588.
23. Geiser MH, Diermann U & Riva CE (1999): Compact laser Doppler choroidal flowmeter. J Biomed Opt 44: 459-464.
24. Gherghel D, Hosking SL & Cunliffe IA (2004): Abnormal systemic and ocular vascular response to temperature provocation in primary open-angle glaucoma patients: A case for autonomic failure? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45: 3546-3554.
25. Golubnitschaja O, Yeghiazaryan K, Liu R, Mönkemann H, Leppert D, Schild H, Haefliger IO & Flammer J (2004): Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases in mononuclear blood cells of normal-tension glaucoma patients. J Glaucoma 13: 66-72.
26. Gugleta K, Orgul S, Hasler PW, Picornell T, Gherghel D & Flammer J (2003): Choroidal vascular reaction to hand-grip stress in subjects with vasospasm and its relevance in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44: 1573-1580.
27. Hamann GF, Okada Y & del Zoppo GJ (1996): Haemorrhagic transformation and microvascular integrity during focal cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16: 1373-1378.
28. Healey PR, Mitchell P, Smith W & Wang JJ (1998): Optic disc haemorrhages in a population with and without signs of glaucoma. Ophthalmology 105: 216-223.
29. Heijl A (1986): Frequent disc photography and computerized perimetry in eyes with optic disc haemorrhage. A pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 64: 274-281.
30. Hofman P, Hoyng P, van der Werf F, Vrensen GF & Schlingemann RO (2001): Lack of blood-brain barrier properties in microvessels of the prelaminar optic nerve head. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42: 895-901.
31. Ishida K, Yamamoto T, Sugiyama K & Kitazawa Y (2000): Disc haemorrhage is a significantly negative prognostic factor in normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 129: 707-714.
32. Jonas JB, Budde WM & Panda-Jonas S (1999): Ophthalmoscopic evaluation of the optic nerve head. Surv Ophthalmol 43: 293-320.
33. Kaiser HJ, Flammer J, Wenk M & Luscher T (1995): Endothelin-1 plasma levels in normal-tension glaucoma: Abnormal response to postural changes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 233: 484-488.
34. Kaiser HJ, Schotzau A & Flammer J (1996): Blood flow velocities in the extraocular vessels in normal volunteers. Am J Ophthalmol 122: 364-370
35. Kitazawa Y, Shirato S & Yamamoto T (1986): Optic disc haemorrhage in low-tension glaucoma. Ophthalmology 93: 853-857.
36. Kurata H, Takaoka M, Kubo Y, Katayama T, Tsutsui H, Takayama J, Ohkita M & Matsumura Y (2005): Protective effect of nitric oxide on ischaemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury and endothelin-1 overproduction. Eur J Pharmacol 517: 232-239.
37. Lalu MM, Pasini E, Schulze CJ, Ferrari-Vivaldi M, Ferrari-Vivaldi G, Bachetti T & Schulz R (2005): Ischaemia/reperfusion injury activates matrix metalloproteinases in the human heart. Eur Heart J 26: 27-35.
38. Mahler F, Saner H, Wurbel H & Flammer J (1989): Local cooling test for clinical capillaroscopy in Raynaud's phenomenon, unstable angina and vasospastic visual disorders. Vasa 18: 201-204.
39. Miceli F, Minici F, Garcia Pardo M, Navarra P, Proto C, Mancuso S, Lanzone A & Apa R (2001): Endothelins enhance prostaglandin (PGE [2] and PGF [2alpha;]) biosynthesis and release by human luteal cells: Evidence of a new paracrine/autocrine regulation of luteal function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 811-817.
40. Pages N, Gogly B, Godeau G, Igondjo-Tchen S, Maurois P, Durlach J & Bac P (2003): Structural alterations of the vascular wall in magnesium-deficient mice. A possible role of gelatinases A (MMP-2) and B (MMP-9). Magnes Res 16: 43-48.
41. Prünte-Glowazki A & Flammer J (1991): Ocular vasospasm. 4. Clinical examples. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 198: 418.
42. Rosenberg GA, Estrada EY & Dencoff JE (1998): Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs are associated with blood-brain barrier opening after reperfusion in rat brain. Stroke 29: 2189-2195.
43. Shimada K, Kita T, Yonetani Y, Suzumura A & Nakashima T (2000): The effect of endothelin-1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase 2 expression in association with prostaglandin E(2). Eur J Pharmacol 388: 187-194.
44. Siegner SW & Netland PA (1996): Optic disc haemorrhages and progression of glaucoma. Ophthalmology 103: 1014-1024.
45. Sonnsjo B, Dokmo Y & Krakau T (2002): Disc haemorrhages, precursors of open-angle glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 21: 35-56.
46. Sonnsjo B, Holmin C & Krakau CE (1991): Occurrence of disc haemorrhages in open-angle glaucoma treated with pilocarpine or timolol. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 69: 217-224.
47. Teuchner B, Orgul S, Ulmer H, Haufschild T & Flammer J (2004): Reduced thirst in patients with a vasospastic syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 82: 738-740.
48. Vago H, Soos P, Zima E, Geller L, Keltai K, Roka A, Kekesi V, Juhasz-Nagy A & Merkely B (2004): Changes of endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 levels and action potential duration during myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion in dogs with and without ventricular fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 44: 376-379.
49. Waldmann E, Gasser P, Dubler B, Huber CH & Flammer J (1996): Silent myocardial ischaemia in glaucoma and cataract patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 234: 595-598.
50. Wollstein G, Garway-Heath DF & Hitchings RA (1998): Identification of early glaucoma cases with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Ophthalmology 105: 1557-1563.