The impact of New Deal expenditures on mobility during the great depression

Explorations in Economic History

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 179-222

  Fishback, Price V ^a   Horrace, William C ^b   Kantor, Shawn ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Great depression; Migration; New Deal; Public Works Administration; Relief programs; Spatial autocorrelation; Works Progress Administration

Indexed keywords

EID: 33644772422     PISSN: 00144983     EISSN: 10902457     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2005.03.002     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. S. Allard S. Danziger Welfare magnets: Myth or reality? The Journal of Politics 62 2000 350-368
2. L.J. Alston Tenure choice in southern agriculture, 1930-1960 Explorations in Economic History 18 1981 211-232
3. G.M. Anderson R.D. Tollison Congressional influence and patterns of New Deal pending, 1933-1939 Journal of Law and Economics 34 1991 161-175
4. C.L.F. Attfield E.S. Cannon D. Demery W.D. Nigel Economic growth and geographic proximity Economic Letters 68 2000 109-112
5. R. Biles The south and the new deal 1994 University of Kentucky Press Lexington, KY
6. R. Blank The effect of welfare and wage levels on the location decisions of female-headed households Journal of Urban Economics 24 1998 186-211
7. D.J. Bogue H.S. Shyrock Jr. S.A. Hoermann Subregional migration in the united states, 1935-40 volume I, streams of migration between subregions 1957 Scripps Foundation Oxford, OH
8. G.J. Borjas Heaven's door: Immigration policy and the american economy 1999 Princeton University Press Princeton
9. J. Bound D. Jaeger R.M. Baker Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variables is weak Journal of the American Statistical Association 90 1995 443-450
10. J.C. Brown Public relief, 1929-1939 1940 Henry Holt and Company New York
11. J.N. Clarke Roosevelt's warrior: Harold L. Ickes and the new deal 1996 Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore
12. J. Couch K.E. Atkinson W.H. Wells New Deal agricultural appropriations: a political influence Eastern Economic Journal 24 1998 137-148
13. J. Couch W. Shughart II The political economy of the new deal 1998 Edward Elgar New York
14. J. Couch P.M. Williams New Deal or same old shuffle? The distribution of New Deal dollars across Alabama Economics and Politics 11 1999 213-223
15. Federal Housing Administration, Annual Report, various years. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
16. Federal Works Agency, Work Projects Administration, Final Statistical Report of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 1942. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
17. J.P. Ferrie Yankeys now: Immigrants in the antebellum US, 1840-1860 1999 Oxford University Press New York
18. Fishback, P.V., Haines, M.R., Kantor, S., 2003a. The welfare of children during the Great Depression. NBER Working Paper no. 8902 (revised October 2003).
19. P.V. Fishback S. Kantor J.J. Wallis Can the New Deal's three Rs be rehabilitated? A program-by-program, county-by-county analysis Explorations in Economic History 40 2003 278-307
20. Fishback, P.V., Horace, W.C., Kantor, S., 2005a. Did New Deal grant programs stimulate local economies? A study of Federal grants and retail sales during the Great Depression. Journal of Economic History 65, 36-71.
21. Fishback, P.V., Horace, W.C., Kantor, S., 2005b. Do Federal programs affect internal migration? The impact of New Deal expenditures on mobility during the Great Depression. NBER Working Paper no. w8283 (revised and updated 2005).
22. R.K. Fleck The marginal effect of New Deal relief work on county-level unemployment statistics Journal of Economic History 59 1999 659-687
23. R.K. Fleck The value of the vote: A model and test of the effects of turnout on distributive policy Economic Inquiry 37 1999 609-623
24. R.K. Fleck Inter-party competition, intra-party competition, and distributive policy: A model and test using New Deal data Public Choice 108 2001 77-100
25. R.K. Fleck Population, land, economic conditions, and the allocation of New Deal spending Explorations in Economic History 38 2001 296-304
26. J.A. Frankel D. Romer Does trade cause growth? American Economic Review 89 1999 379-399
27. Gardner, J., Cohen, W., 1992. Demographic Characteristics of the Population of the United States, 1930-1950: County-Level. ICPSR file 0020.
28. E. Gramlich D. Laren Migration and income redistribution responsibilities Journal of Human Resources 19 1984 489-511
29. W.H. Greene Econometric analysis fifth ed. 2003 Prentice Hall New York
30. M.J. Greenwood Research on internal migration in the United States: A survey Journal of Economic Literature 13 1975 397-433
31. M.J. Greenwood Human migration: Theory, models, and empirical studies Journal of Regional Science 25 1985 521-544
32. J. Hahn J. Hausman A new specification test for the validity of instrumental variables Econometrica 70 1 2002 163-189
33. Z. Hansen G. Libecap Small farms, externalities, and the Dust Bowl of the 1930s Journal of Political Economy 112 2004 665-694
34. T.J. Hatton J.G. Williamson The age of mass migration: Causes and economic impact 1998 Oxford University Press New York
35. J. Hausman Specification and estimation of simultaneous models Z. Griliches M. Intrilligator Handbook of econometrics 1983 North-Holland Amsterdam 391-448
36. Holley, W.C., Winston, E., Woofter, T.J., 1971. The Plantation South, 1934-1937. Books for Library Press, Freeport, NY, (reprint of 1940 edition).
37. D.S. Howard The WPA and federal relief policy 1943 Russell Sage Foundation New York
38. C.M. Hoxby Does competition among public schools benefit students and taxpayers? American Economic Review 90 2000 1209-1238
39. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1992. Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-1970. ICPSR file 0003. Computerized data tapes from ICPSR. (The version has corrections by Michael Haines, Department of Economics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY).
40. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1999. United States Historical Election Returns, 1824-1968. ICPSR file 0001. Computerized data tapes from ICPSR.
41. K. Kauffman L. Kiesling Was there a nineteenth century welfare magnet in the United States? Preliminary results from New York City and Brooklyn The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 37 1997 439-448
42. H.H. Kelejian I.R. Prucha A generalized moments estimator for the autoregressive parameter in a spatial model International Economic Review 40 1999 509-533
43. H.H. Kelejian I.R. Prucha Estimation of simultaneous systems of spatially interrelated cross sectional equations Journal of Econometrics 118 2004 27-50
44. P. Levine D. Zimmerman An empirical analysis of the welfare magnet debate using the NLSY Journal of Population Economics 12 1999 391-409
45. P.E. Mertz New deal policy and southern rural poverty 1978 Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge, LA
46. R. Moffitt Incentive effects of the US welfare system: A review Journal of Economic Literature 30 1992 1-61
47. D.C. Reading New Deal activity and the States, 1933 to 1939 Journal of Economic History 33 1973 792-810
48. T. Saloutos New Deal agricultural policy: An evaluation Journal of American History 61 1974 394-416
49. P. Schmidt Econometrics 1976 Dekker New York
50. A. Schwartz Interpreting the effect of distance on migration Journal of Political Economy 81 1973 1153-1169
51. Sechrist, R.P., 1984. Basic Geographic and Historic Data for Interfacing ICPSR Data Sets, 1620-1983 (United States). Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research file 8159.
52. A. Schlesinger The age of roosevelt: The coming of the new deal 1958 Houghton-Mifflin Boston
53. US Bureau of the Census, 1930. Religious Bodies: 1926, vol. 1. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
54. US Bureau of the Census, 1934a. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Birth Registration Area of the United States, 1930, Sixteenth Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
55. US Bureau of the Census, 1934b. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Birth Registration Area of the United States, 1931, Seventeenth Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
56. US Bureau of the Census, 1934c. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Birth Registration Area of the United States, 1932, Eighteenth Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
57. US Bureau of the Census, 1936a. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1933, Nineteenth First Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
58. US Bureau of the Census, 1936b. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1934, Twentieth Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
59. US Bureau of the Census, 1937. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1935, Twenty-First Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
60. US Bureau of the Census, 1938. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1936, Twenty-Second Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
61. US Bureau of the Census, 1939. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1937, Twenty-Third Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
62. US Bureau of the Census, 1940. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1938, Twenty-Fourth Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
63. US Bureau of the Census, 1941. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1939, Twenty-Fifth Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
64. US Bureau of the Census, 1942. Birth, Stillbirth, and Infant Mortality Statistics for the Continental United States, The Territory of Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands, 1940, Twenty-Sixth Annual Report. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
65. US Bureau of the Census, 1943. Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940: Population, Internal Migration, 1935 to 1940. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
66. US Bureau of the Census, 1945. Completeness of birth registration in urban and rural areas, United States and each state, December 1, 1939 to March 31, 1940. In: Vital Statistics Special Reports, Selected Studies, vol. 23 (6). Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
67. US Bureau of the Census, 1975. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
68. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1936. Consumer Market Data Handbook. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
69. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1939. Consumer Market Data Handbook. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
70. US Federal Security Agency, United States Public Health Service, 1946. Estimated completeness of birth registration, United States, 1935 to 1944. In: Vital Statistics Special Reports, vol. 23 (10).
71. US Office of Government Reports, 1940a. Direct and Cooperative Loans and Expenditures of the Federal Government for Fiscal Years 1933 through 1939. Statistical Section, Report No. 9, vol. 1, Mimeo.
72. US Office of Government Reports, 1940 County Reports of Estimated Federal Expenditures March 4, 1933-June 30, 1939 Statistical Section, Report No. 10, 1 Mimeo
73. J.J. Wallis The birth of the old Federalism: Financing the New Deal, 1932-1940 Journal of Economic History 44 1984 139-159
74. J.J. Wallis Why 1933? The origins and timing of national government growth, 1933-1940 Research in Economic History 4 1985 1-51
75. J.J. Wallis Employment, politics, and economic recovery during the Great Depression Review of Economics and Statistics 69 1987 516-520
76. J.J. Wallis The political economy of New Deal spending revisited, again: with and without nevada Explorations in Economic History 35 1998 140-170
77. J.J. Wallis The political economy of New Deal spending, yet again: A reply Explorations in Economic History 38 2001 305-314
78. J.J. Wallis D.K. Benjamin Public relief and private employment in the Great Depression Journal of Economic History 41 1981 97-102
79. Webb, J.N., 1936. The transient unemployed. Monthly Report of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, January 1 through January 31, 1936, 1-25.
80. W.C. Whatley Labor for the picking: The New Deal in the South Journal of Economic History 43 1983 905-929
81. P.K. Whelpton The completeness of birth registration in the United States Journal of the American Statistical Association 26 1934 125-136
82. Williams, E.A., 1968. Federal Aid for Relief. AMS Press, New York (reprint).
83. G. Wright The political economy of New Deal spending: An econometric analysis Review of Economics and Statistics 56 1974 30-38