Concurrent crack and powder cocaine users from Sao Paulo: Do they represent a different group?

BMC Public Health

Volumn 6, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Guindalini, Camila ^a,b   Vallada, Homero ^a   Breen, Gerome ^b   Laranjeira, Ronaldo ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COCAINE; ILLICIT DRUG; POWDER; STREET DRUG;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CHI SQUARE TEST; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; DRUG USE; FEMALE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OFFENDER; OUTPATIENT; POPULATION; POWDER; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE; ADOLESCENT; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRANASAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT EDUCATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; URBAN POPULATION;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ADMINISTRATION, INTRANASAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BRAZIL; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS; CRACK COCAINE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; POWDERS; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK-TAKING; STREET DRUGS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 33644756909     PISSN: 14712458     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-10     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Substance Abuse and mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA): National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). 2003. Report
2. Haasen C, Prinzleve M, Zurhold H, Rehm J, Guttinger F, Fischer G, Jagsch R, Olsson B, Ekendahl M, Verster A, Camposeragna A, Pezous AM, Gossop M, Manning V, Cox G, Ryder N, Gerevich J, Bacskai E, Casas M, Matali JL, Krausz M: Cocaine use in Europe - a multi-centre study. Methodology and prevalence estimates. Eur Addict Res 2004, 10(4):139-46.
3. Galduroz JCF, Noto AR, Nappo S, Carlini EA: I National Survey on psychotropic drugs use. Part A: Study of the 24 biggest cities of the Sao Paulo State. CEBRID (Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas), UNIFESP - Federal University of São Paulo 2000.
4. Gossop M, Griffiths P, Powis B, Strang J: Cocaine: patterns of use, route of administration, and severity of dependence. Br J Psychiatry 1994, 164(5):660-4.
5. Gossop M, Marsden J, Stewart D, Kidd T: The National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS): 4-5 year follow-up results. Addiction 2003, 98(3):291-303.
6. Chen CY, Anthony JC: Epidemiological estimates of risk in the process of becoming dependent upon cocaine: cocaine hydrochloride powder versus crack cocaine. Psychopharmacology 2004, 172:78-86.
7. Dunn J, Laranjeira RR, Da Silveira DX, Formigoni ML, Ferri CP: Crack cocaine: an increase in use among patients attending clinics in Sao Paulo: 1990-1993. Subst Use Misuse 1996, 31:519-27.
8. Dunn J, Laranjeira RR: Transitions in the route of cocaine administration - characteristics, direction and associated variables. Addiction 1999, 94(6):813-24.
9. Ferri CP, Gossop M: Route of cocaine administration: patterns of use and problems among a Brazilian sample. Addict Behav 1999, 24:815-21.
10. Ferri CP, Gossop M, Laranjeira RR: High dose cocaine use in Sao Paulo: a comparison of treatment and community samples. Subst Use Misuse 2001, 36:237-55.
11. Ferri CP, Dunn J, Gossop M, Laranjeira R: Factors associated with adverse reactions to cocaine among a sample of long-term, high-dose users in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Addict Behav 2004, 29(2):365-74.
12. Ferreira Filho OF, Turchi MD, Laranjeira R, Castelo A: Epidemiological profile of Powder Cocaine Users on treatment in psychiatrics hospitals, Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2003, 37:751-9.
13. Dunn J, Ferri CP, Laranjeira R: Does multisite sampling improve patient heterogeneity in drug misuse research? Drug Alcohol Depend 2001, 63:79-85.
14. Dunn J, Laranjeira R: The development of a structured interview to evaluate cocaine use and risk behaviour. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2000, 22(1):11-6.
15. Turchi MD, Diaz RS, Martelli Turchi CM, Sabino EC, da Silva WP, Filho OF, Laranjeira RR, Busch MP, Castelo A: Genetic Diversity and HIV-1 Incidence Estimation Among Powder Cocaine Users in Sao Paulo, Brazil. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2002, 30:527-532.
16. WHO: The ICD10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Diagnostic criteria for research 1993.
17. Hatsukami DK, Fischman MW: Crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride. Are the differences myth or reality? JAMA 1996, 276:1580-8.
18. Condon J, Smith N: Prevalence of drug use: key findings from the 2002/2003 British Crime Survey. Home Office 2003 [http://www.crimereduction.gov. uk/drugsalcohol75.htm#Prevalence].
19. Grant BF, Harford TC: Concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol with cocaine: results of national survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 1990, 25(1):97-104.
20. McCance-Katz EF, Kosten TR, Jatlow P: Concurrent use of cocaine and alcohol is more potent and potentially more toxic than use of either alone - a multiple-dose study. Biol Psychiatry 1998, 44:250-9.
21. Farre M, De La Torre R, Llorente M, Lamas X, Balbina U, Segura J, Cami J: Alcohol and cocaine interactions in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993, 266:1364-1373.
22. Prinzleve M, Haasen C, Zurhold H, Matali JL, Bruguera E, Gerevich J, Bacskai E, Ryder N, Butler S, Manning V, Gossop M, Pezous AM, Verster A, Camposeragna A, Andersson P, Olsson B, Primorac A, Fischer G, Guttinger F, Rehm J, Krausz M: Cocaine use in Europe - a multi-centre study: patterns of use in different groups. Eur Addict Res 2004, 10(4):147.
23. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA): Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union. 2004.
24. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Drug Abuse Warning Network 2003: Interim National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. 2004.
25. Coffin PO, Galea S, Ahern J, Leon AC, Vlahov D, Tardiff K: Opiates, cocaine and alcohol combinations in accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City, 1990-98. Addiction 2003, 98(6):739-47.
26. Seymour A, Oliver JS, Black M: Drug-related deaths among recently released prisoners in the Strathclyde Region of Scotland. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2000, 45:649-654.
27. Asnis GM, Kaplan ML, Hundorfean G, Saeed W: Violence and homicidal behaviours in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997, 20:405-25.