The "triple point" on 24 May 2002 during IHOP. Part I: Airborne Doppler and LASE analyses of the frontal boundaries and convection initiation

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 134, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 231-250

  Wakimoto, Roger M ^a,b   Murphey, Hanne V ^a   Browell, Edward V ^c   Ismail, Syed ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^c NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL SCATTERING RATIO; CONVECTIVE INITIATION; DOPPLER WIND SYNTHESES; MOISTURE GRADIENT; VIRTUAL POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); THERMAL PLUMES; WIND;

HEAT CONVECTION;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; FRONTAL FEATURE;

EID: 33644748483     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR3066.1     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Asai, T., 1970: Three-dimensional features of thermal convection in a plane Couette flow. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 48, 18-29.
2. Atkins, N. T., R. M. Wakimoto, and C. L. Ziegler, 1998: Observations of the finescale structure of a dryline during VORTEX 95. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 525-550.
3. Bluestein, H. B., and C. R. Parks, 1983: A synoptic and photographic climatology of low-precipitaion severe thunderstorms in the southern plains. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 2034-2046.
4. Bluestein, H. B., and S. S. Parker, 1993: Modes of isolated, severe convective storm formation along the dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1352-1374.
5. Bluestein, H. B., E. W. McCaul, G. P. Byrd, R. L. Walko, and R. Davies-Jones, 1990: An observational study of convective clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1359-1370.
6. Browell, E. V., and Coauthors, 1997: LASE validation experiment Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with Lidar, A. Ansmann et al., Eds., Springer-Verlag, 289-295.
7. Browell, E. V., and Coauthors, 2003: Airborne remote measurements of water vapor, relative humidity, aerosol, and cloud distributions during the IHOP field experiment. Proc. Sixth Int. Symp. on Tropospheric Profiling, Leipzig, Germany, Institute for Tropospheric Research, 384-386.
8. Brown, R. A., 1980: Longitudinal instabilities and secondary flows in the planetary boundary layer: A review. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 18, 683-697.
9. Crawford, T. M., and H. B. Bluestein, 1997: Characteristics of dryline passage during COPS-91. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 463-477.
10. Cressman, G. P., 1959: An operational objective analysis scheme. Mon. Wea. Rev., 87, 367-384.
11. Doswell, C. A., and L. F. Bosart, 2001: Extratropical synoptic-scale processes and severe convection. Severe Convective Storms, Meteor. Monogr., No. 50, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 27-69.
12. Doviak, R. J., and D. S. Zrnic, 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. Academic Press, 562 pp.
13. Foote, G. B., and R. S. du Toit, 1969: Terminal velocity of raindrops aloft. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 249-253.
14. Hane, C. E., C. L. Ziegler, and H. B. Bluestein, 1993: Investigation of the dryline and convective storms initiated along the dryline: Field experiments during COPS-91. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2133-2145.
15. Hane, C. E., B. B. Bluestein, T. M. Crawford, M. E. Baldwin, and R. M. Rabin, 1997: Severe thunderstorm development in relation to along-dryline variability: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 231-251.
16. Hane, C. E., M. E. Baldwin, H. B. Bluestein, T. M. Crawford, and R. M. Rabin, 2001: A case study of severe storm development along a dryline within a synoptically active environment. Part I: Dryline motion and an Eta Model forecast. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2183-2204.
17. Hane, C. E., R. M. Rabin, T. M. Crawford, H. B. Bluestein, and M. E. Baldwin, 2002: A case study of severe storm development along a dryline within a synoptically active environment. Part II: Multiple boundaries and convective initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 900-920.
18. Hildebrand, P. H., C. A. Walther, C. L. Frush, J. Testud, and F. Baudin, 1994: The ELDORA/ASTRAIA airborne Doppler weather radar: Goals, design, and first tests. Proc. IEEE, 82, 1873-1890.
19. Hildebrand, P. H., and Coauthors, 1996: The ELDORA/ASTRAIA airborne Doppler weather radar: High resolution observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 213-232.
20. Hobbs, P. V., and K. R. Biswas, 1979: The cellular structure of narrow cold-frontal rainbands. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 723-727.
21. James, P. K., and K. A. Browning, 1979: Mesoscale structure of line convection at surface cold fronts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 371-382.
22. Jorgensen, D. P., T. Matejka, and J. D. DuGranrut, 1996: Multi-beam techniques for deriving wind fields from airborne Doppler radars. J. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 59, 83-104.
23. Joss, J., and D. Waldvogel, 1970: Raindrop size distribution and Doppler velocities. Preprints, 14th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 153-156.
24. Koch, S. E., and J. McCarthy, 1982: The evolution of an Oklahoma dryline: Part II: Boundary-layer forcing of mesoconvective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 237-257.
25. Kuettner, J. P., 1959: The band structure of the atmosphere. Tellus, 11, 267-294.
26. Leise J. A., 1982: A multidimensional scale-telescoped filter and data extension package. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL-82, 11 pp. [Available from NOAA ERL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303.]
27. LeMone, M. A., 1973: The structure and dynamics of horizontal roll vortices in the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1077-1091.
28. Mohr, C. G., L. J. Miller, R. L. Vaughn, and H. W. Frank, 1986: The merger of mesoscale datasets into a common Cartesian format for efficient and systematic analysis. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 146-161.
29. Neiman, P. J., and R. M. Wakimoto, 1999: The interaction of a Pacific cold front with shallow air masses east of the Rocky Mountains. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2102-2127.
30. Ogura, Y., H.-M. Juang, K.-S. Zhang, and S.-T. Soong, 1982: Possible triggering mechanisms for severe storms in SESAME-AVE IV (9-10 May 1979). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 63, 503-515.
31. Oye, R., C. Mueller, and S. Smith, 1995: Software for radar translation, visualization, editing, and interpolation. Preprints, 27th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 359-361.
32. Parsons, D. B., M. A. Shapiro, R. M. Hardesty, R. J. Zamora, and J. M. Intrieri, 1991: The finescale structure of a west Texas dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1242-1258.
33. Parsons, D. B., M. A. Shapiro, and E. Miller, 2000: The mesoscale structure of a nocturnal dryline and of a frontal-dryline merger. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3824-3838.
34. Purdom, J. F. W., 1982: Subjective interpretations of geostationary satellite data for nowcasting. Nowcasting, K. Browning, Ed., Academic Press, 149-166.
35. Reed, R. J., and M. D. Albright, 1997: Frontal structure in the interior of an intense mature ocean cyclone. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 866-876.
36. Rhea, J. O., 1966: A study of thunderstorm formation along drylines. J. Appl. Meteor., 5, 58-63.
37. Schaefer, J. T., 1974: The lifecycle of the dryline. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 444-449.
38. Schaefer, J. T., 1986: The dryline. Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting, P. S. Ray, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 549-572.
39. Shapiro, M. A., T. Hampel, D. Rotzoll, and F. Mosher, 1985: The frontal hydraulic head: A micro-α scale (∼1 km) triggering mechanism for mesoconvective weather systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1166-1183.
40. Shaw, B. L., R. A. Pielke, and C. L. Ziegler, 1997: A three-dimensional numerical simulation of a Great Plains dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1489-1506.
41. Simpson, J. E., 1997: Gravity Currents in the Environment and the Laboratory. Cambridge University Press, 244 pp.
42. Wakimoto, R. M., W.-C. Lee, H. B. Bluestein, C.-H. Liu, and P. H. Hildebrand, 1996: ELDORA observations during VORTEX 95. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1465-1481.
43. Weckwerth, T. M., J. W. Wilson, R. M. Wakimoto, and N. A. Crook, 1997: Horizontal convective rolls: Determining the environmental conditions supporting their existence and characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 505-526.
44. 2O Project (IHOP 2002) and some preliminary highlights. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 253-277.
45. Weiss, C. C., and H. B. Bluestein, 2002: Airborne pseudo-dual Doppler analysis of a dryline-outflow boundary intersection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1207-1226.
46. Wilson, J. W., and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms at radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516-2536.
47. Wilson, J. W., T. M. Weckwerth, J. Vivekanandan, R. M. Wakimoto, and R. W. Russell, 1994: Boundary layer clear-air radar echoes: Origin of echoes and accuracy of derived winds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1184-1206.
48. Young, G. S., and R. H. Johnson, 1984: Meso- and microscale features of a Colorado cold front. J. Appl. Meteor., 23, 1315-1325.
49. Ziegler, C. L., and C. E. Hane, 1993: An observational study of the dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1134-1151.
50. Ziegler, C. L., and E. N. Rasmussen, 1998: The initiation of moist convection at the dryline: Forecasting issues from a case study perspective. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1106-1131.
51. Ziegler, C. L., W. J. Martin, R. A. Pielke, and R. L. Walko, 1995: A modeling study of the dryline. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 273-285.