Race, class and the imperial politics of ethnography in india, ireland and london, 1850-1910

International Journal of Phytoremediation

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 289-302

  Philip, Kavita ^a  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOLOGY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; ETHNOLOGY; HISTORY; INDIA; IRELAND; LEGAL ASPECT; POLICY; POLITICS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL CONTROL; SOCIAL PROBLEM; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANTHROPOLOGY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; INDIA; IRELAND; LONDON; POLITICS; POWER (PSYCHOLOGY); PUBLIC POLICY; RACE RELATIONS; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL CONTROL POLICIES; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 33644691215     PISSN: 15226514     EISSN: 15497879     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0967088022000040266     Document Type: Article

References (44)

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2. Mayhew, Henry. 1851-61. London Labour and the London Poor: Cyclopaedia of the Condition and Earnings of Those that Will Work, Those that Cannot Work, and Those that Will Not Work, vol. I, 4G. Woodfall.
3. Engels. 1845. The Condition of the Working Class in England, 186Leipzig.
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5. Mill. History of British India vol. 1, 27
6. Mill. History of British India vol. 1, 32
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10. Cooler, Roger. 1989. “ 'Luminaries of early Victorian culture, such as Samuel Coleridge, John Stuart Mill, Harriet Martineau, Samuel Smiles, George Henry Lewes, Auguste Comte, and Henri de Saint Simon, became in some respects phrenology's intellectual guardians' ”. In Phrenology in the British Isles, 7Scarecrow Press. has noted
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12. Hall, Edith. 1989. Inventing the Barbarian, Clarendon Press. and Bernard Cohn, 'The Past in the Present: India as the Museum of Mankind', unpublished article held by the author
13. Risley, H. H., 1891. The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press.
14. Pinney, Christopher. 1990. “ 'Colonial Anthropology in the "Laboratory of Mankind"' ”. In The Raj: India and the British, 1600-1947, Edited by: Bayly, C. A., 287National Portrait Gallery Publications.
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16. Mayhew. London Labour and the London Poor vol. 1, 4
17. Mayhew 1991. Culture and Anomie: Ethnographic Imagination in the Nineteenth Century, 324University of Chicago Press. Continuous with this ethnographic outlook, volume IV includes a detailed ethnographic survey of prostitution in twenty 'barbaric' and 'semi-civilized' countries in an attempt to set up a comparative framework in which to study prostitution and promiscuity in London. Christopher Herbert observes that Mayhew appears to use unacknowledged quotes from contemporary ethnographic writing. For example, both Mayhew and W. Cooke Taylor wrote that 'savages … have an immoderate love of gaming'. Herbert notes: 'London Labour is full of such echoings, though sometimes it is hard to tell whether Mayhew is quoting a particular source or merely citing a commonplace of anthropological thinking of the time'
18. Himmelfarb, Gertrude. 1971. 'Mayhew's Poor: A Question of Identity'. Victorian Studies,: 307–320. 317
19. Schwarzbach, F. S., 1982. "'Terra Incognita": An Image of the City in English Literature, 1820-1855'. Prose Studies, 5 (1) May: 73–74. from Parliamentary Papers 1844, First Report of the Commissioners for Inquiring into the State of Large Towns and Populous Districts
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21. Berman. Social Change and Scientific Organization 109
22. Berman. Social Change and Scientific Organization 111–112.
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26. Semmel. Imperialism and Social Reform 63
27. Gopal, S., 1980. British Policy in India 1858-1905, 57Cambridge University Press. Beddoe (1826-1911) was president of the Anthropological Institute from 1889 to 1891. Lord Canning, writing in India in December 1857, reported that 'the word "niggers" is now in daily use by every newspaper's correspondents': cited in
28. Lebow, R., 1976. White Britain and Black Ireland: The Influence of Stereotypes on Colonial Policy, 74Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.
29. Curtis, L. P., 1971. Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature, 20Smithsonian Institution Press. See also Lebow, White Britain and Black Ireland
30. Curtis, L. P., 1968. Anglo-Saxons and Celts: A Study of Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England, 22Conference on British Studies at the University of Bridgeport. Curtis explains:During the twenty years between the outbreak of Fenian activity and the height of the Parnellite agitation in the mid 1880s, the English image of politicized Paddy became even more bestial and simian. These were also the years when tens of thousands of post-famine Irish immigrants in Scotland and England were beginning to make their presence felt in a political sense, having already left their mark on British society and the economy. As militant Irish nationalists began to organize more effectively into constitutional parties and revolutionary brotherhoods sworn to secrecy, the stereotypes of Irish Celts in literature and caricature took on many of the features of apes with marked criminal tendencies. The price paid by Irishmen for increasing political activity and agrarian protest was the substitution of epithets like Caliban, Frankenstein, Yahoo and gorilla for Paddy., distributed by New York University Press
31. Greenhalgh, Paul. 1990. Ephemeral Vistas: The Expositions Universelles, Great Exhibitions, and World's Fairs, 1851-1939, 106–108. Manchester University Press.
32. Jackson, J. W., 1855. 'The Race Question in Ireland'. Anthropological Review, vii (xxiv) May: 54–76. It is worth recalling the widespread use of the argument about colonisation and Providence. Francis Hutchins notes about mid-nineteenth-century India: 'In the years immediately preceding the Mutiny it had become customary to assert that India had been acquired … as part of a Providential design.' Sir John Kaye, writing in 1853, discerned in India's acquisition 'so many fingerprints of the "hand of God in history," which he who would read the annals of the Company aright, should dwell upon with reverence and humility.'
33. Hutchins, Francis G., 1967. The Illusion of Permanence: British Imperialism in India, 82Princeton University Press.
34. Jackson. “ 'The Race Question in Ireland' ”. 58–60.
35. Jackson. “ 'The Race Question in Ireland' ”. 69
36. Jackson. “ 'The Race Question in Ireland' ”. 67–68.
37. Said, Edward. 1979. Orientalism, 150Vintage Press.
38. Said. Orientalism 206–207.
39. Curtis. Anglo-Saxons and Celts 109
40. O'Neill, D., 1977. Three Perennial Themes of Anti-colonialism: The Irish Case, 47University of Denver Monograph Series in World Affairs.
41. O'Neill, D., Three Perennial Themes of Anti-colonialism 118–119.
42. O'Neill, D., Three Perennial Themes of Anti-colonialism 68
43. Cairns, D., and Richards, S., 1988. Writing Ireland: Colonialism, Nationalism and Culture, 77Manchester University Press.
44. O'Neill, D., Three Perennial Themes of Ann-colonialism 57