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33644657015
-
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The same compound was obtained in 59% yield, using NaH: Yim, N. C. F.; Bryan, H.; Huffman, W. F.; Moore, M. L. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 4605.
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Yim, N.C.F.1
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86
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33644649403
-
-
note
-
2O content reduced to 5%.
-
-
-
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87
-
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33644654705
-
-
note
-
2 (ref 37).
-
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88
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0004254430
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Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany; Chapter 2.1
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Sewald, N.; Jakubke, H.-D. Peptides: Chemistry and Biology; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2002; Chapter 2.1. The definition of trans and cis conformers adopts the definition of the conformation of the amide bond in the peptide backbone: (Diagram presented)
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Sewald, N.1
Jakubke, H.-D.2
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37049094207
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(a) Glaser, R.; Geresh, S.; Schöllkopf, U.; Meyer, R. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1979, 1, 1746.
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Glaser, R.1
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90
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16644369699
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(b) Mazurkiewicz, R.; Kuznik, A.; Grymel, M.; Kuznik, N. Magn. Reson. Chem. 2005, 43, 36.
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0003676527
-
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Thieme: New York
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-1) was calculated, using the Eyring equation. Due to this fast rotation, no influence was expected on the hydrogenation reactions outcome. (a) Hesse, M.; Meier, H.; Zeeh, B. Spectroscppic Methods in Organic Synthesis; Thieme: New York, 1997; p 95.
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Hesse, M.1
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33644659975
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Allinger, N. L., Eliel, E. L., Wilen, S. H., Eds.; Wiley: New York, Chapter 1
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(b) Oki, M. In Topics in Stereochemistry; Allinger, N. L., Eliel, E. L., Wilen, S. H., Eds.; Wiley: New York, 1983; Vol. 14, Chapter 1.
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Oki, M.1
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93
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33644650688
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note
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For examples of Heck reactions employed in the synthesis of 2-(acetamido)cinnamic methyl ester derivatives, see: (a) Reference 21.
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95
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0001163251
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(c) Bozell, J. J.; Vogt, C. E.; Gozum, J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 2584.
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Bozell, J.J.1
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For a multigram scale synthesis of methyl 2-(acetamido)acrylate, see: (a) Nugent, W. A.; Feaster, J. E. Synth. Commun. 1998, 28, 1617.
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33644654263
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(b) Nugent, W. A. U. S. Patent 5,559,268, 1996. This protocol provides a 1:1 mixture of mono- and diacetylated product. In a later report (ref 48d) the same protocol was applied and methyl 2-(acetamido)acrylate was isolated in 38% yield.
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
33644641616
-
-
note
-
3, under the same reaction conditions, resulted in a slightly faster reaction, but the product was obtained in lower yield as a polymerization process started to take place. The product 8 was obtained in 92% isolated yield starting from 1 g of racemic serine hydrochloric acid methyl ester and in 89% starting from 10 g.
-
-
-
-
101
-
-
33644647434
-
-
note
-
According to literature procedure (ref 48d), see the Supporting Information.
-
-
-
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102
-
-
33644638039
-
-
note
-
On methyl 2-(acetamido)acrylate, Rh-A4 gave 99% ee and Rh-A1 gave 97% ee. On 2-(acetamido)cinnamic methyl ester Rh-A4 gave 99% ee (ref 11e).
-
-
-
-
103
-
-
0030831034
-
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A similar substrate, (Z)-2-acetamido-3-(2-furfuryl)acrylic acid methyl ester, has been used previously; see: (a) Chan, A. S. C.; Hu, W.; Pai, C.-C.; Lau, C.-P.; Jiang, Y.; Mi, A.; Yan, M.; Sun, J.; Lou, R.; Deng, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9570.
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(b) Li, X.; Lou, R.; Yeung, C.-H.; Chan, A. S. C.; Wong, W. K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 2077.
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Li, X.1
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(c) Zhang, F.-Y.; Kwok, W. H.; Chan, A. S. C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2001, 12, 2337.
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Zhang, F.-Y.1
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Guo, R.1
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Chan, A.S.C.7
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4444367539
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(e) Lin, C. W.; Lin, C.-C.; Lam, L. F.-L.; Au-Yeung, T. T.-L.; Chan, A. S. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 7379.
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Lin, C.W.1
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For the only exception, see: Fu, Y.; Xie, J.-H.; Hu, A.-G.; Zhou, H.; Wang, L.-X.; Zhou, Q.-L. Chem. Commun. 2002, 480.
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Fu, Y.1
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Zhou, Q.-L.6
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109
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33644661940
-
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note
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The same selectivity was obtained by using DuPHOS on the N-acyl derivative of 5: (a) Reference 14b.
-
-
-
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110
-
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0000565505
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For more recent examples of asymmetric hydrogenation of the N-acyl lower homologue of 5 (with enantioselectivities between 91% and 96%) see: (b) Qiao, S.; Fu, G. C. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 4168.
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(c) Kuwano, R.; Sawamura, M.; Ito, Y. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2000, 73, 2571.
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0000313407
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For some studies see: (a) Vineyard, B. D.; Knowles, W. S.; Sabacky, M. J.; Bachman, G. L.; Weinkauff, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 5946.
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0000943908
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(b) Scott, J. W.; Kieth, D. D.; Nix, G., Jr.; Parrish, D. R.; Remington, S.; Roth, G. P.; Townsend, J. M.; Valentine, D., Jr.; Yang, R. J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 5086. In this study the N-acyl derivative of 5 was also considered, the Z isomer gave 96% ee and the E isomer 95% ee, using DIPAMP.
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115
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0001628139
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With Rh-Binap, hydrogenation of the Z and E isomeric substrates generates even products with opposite configurations: Miyashita, A.; Takaya, H.; Souchi, T.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron 1984, 40, 1245.
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Miyashita, A.1
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116
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33644643170
-
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note
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Very high enantioselectivities have been reported also by using Rh-DuPHOS on alkyl-substituted enamides: ref 14a.
-
-
-
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117
-
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12344325648
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For an example of further transformation of a homologous compound into a tetrahydropyridine derivative, see: (a) Botman, P. N. M.; Dommerholt, F. J.; de Gelder, R.; Broxterman, Q. B.; Schoemaker, H. E.; Rutjes, F. P. J. T.; Blaauw, R. H. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 4941.
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24944525408
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119
-
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33644642647
-
-
note
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An identical result was obtained for the Boc protected version of this substrate, using MonoPhos (A1) under the same conditions (DSM private communication). (Diagram presented)
-
-
-
-
120
-
-
33644640912
-
-
note
-
E isomers of substrates 3 and 4 have not been tested at lower catalyst loading, due to the lower enantioselectivities previously obtained (see Table 3).
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0029080089
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(a) Burk, M. J.; Gross, M. F.; Martinez, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9375.
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33644639687
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For other examples, see: (b) Reference 55b.
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33644661525
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note
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(f) Reference 55d.
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For an early example of the influence of added phosphines in 1,4-addition reactions, see: Gomez-Bengoa, E.; Heron, N. M.; Didiuk, M. T.; Luchaco, C. A.; Hoveyda, A. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7649.
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Prepared with pyruvic acid and formamide in 16% yield according to a literature procedure: Frankel, M.; Reichmann, M. E. J. Chem. Soc. 1952, 105, 289.
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33644639847
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This allowed comparison with results previously obtained for 2-acetamidoacrylic acid (ref 11b).
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142
-
-
33644640541
-
-
note
-
Prepared from commercially available (L)-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloric salt (ref 28a).
-
-
-
-
143
-
-
33644645911
-
-
note
-
No reaction was observed applying the same conditions to the N-acyl protected amino ester.
-
-
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144
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0141571021
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4 in the removal of tert-butoxycarbonyl groups, see: (a) Li, B.; Bemish, R.; Buzon, R. A.; Chiu, C. K.-F.; Colgan, S. T.; Kissel, W.; Le, T.; Leeman, K. R.; Newell, L.; Roth, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 8113.
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4 in the removal of N-sulfmylimidazolidines, see: (b) Viso, A.; de la Predilla, R. F.; López-Rodríguez, M.; Gracía, A.; Flores, A.; Alonso, M. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 1542.
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0026606529
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(c) Hall, D. G.; Laplante, C.; Manku, S.; Nagendran, J. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 698.
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Hall, D.G.1
Laplante, C.2
Manku, S.3
Nagendran, J.4
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151
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11144336770
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For a review, see: Aurelio, L.; Brownlee, R. T. C.; Hughes, A. B. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 5823.
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Aurelio, L.1
Brownlee, R.T.C.2
Hughes, A.B.3
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152
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33644642420
-
-
note
-
Data in agreement with literature: ref 46a.
-
-
-
-
153
-
-
0027282396
-
-
Data in agreement with literature: Roos, E. C.; Lopez, M. C.; Brook. M. A.; Hiemstra, H.; Speckamp, W. N.; Kaptein, B.; Kamphuis J.; Schoemaker, H. E. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 3259.
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, vol.58
, pp. 3259
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Roos, E.C.1
Lopez, M.C.2
Brook, M.A.3
Hiemstra, H.4
Speckamp, W.N.5
Kaptein, B.6
Kamphuis, J.7
Schoemaker, H.E.8
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154
-
-
0001106559
-
-
According to a slightly modified procedure, data in agreement with the literature: Sheehan, J. C.; Yang, D.-D. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1154.
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(1958)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.80
, pp. 1154
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Sheehan, J.C.1
Yang, D.-D.H.2
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