You still don't understand: Why troubled engagements continue between feminists and (critical) IPE

Review of International Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 145-164

  Waylen, Georgina ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33644598027     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210506006966     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Sandra Whitworth, 'Gender in the Inter-Paradigm Debate', Millenium, 18:2 (1989), pp. 265-72.
2. J. Ann Tickner, Gendering World Politics: Issues and Approaches in the Post-Cold War Era (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), p. 66.
3. R. C. Carpenter, 'Gender Theory in World Politics: Contributions of a Nonfeminist Standpoint?', International Studies Review, 4:3 (2002), pp. 153-65.
4. Marianne Marchand and Ann Sissons Runyan: see their edited collection Gender and Global Restructuring: Sightings, Sites and Resistances (London: Routledge, 2000) as attempting to foster dialogue between critical IPE and feminist IPE. J. Ann Tickner (see fn. 2 above) also argues that feminist IR should maintain its connections to mainstream IR despite its lack of receptivity.
5. Craig Murphy and Dennis Nelson claim several times in 'International Political Economy: A Tale of Two Heterodoxies', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 3:3 (2001), pp. 393-412,
6. that 'British' (critical) IPE has focused more on the 'contentious politics of gender' (as well as race and the environment) than has the American school of IPE. They cite (p. 400) as evidence, the inclusion of feminist contributions as standard fare in 'British' School collections such as Craig Murphy and Roger Tooze (eds.), The New International Political Economy (Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner, 2001);
7. and Stephen Gill and James Mittelman (eds.), Innovation and Transformation in International Studies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
8. See Lily Ling, Post Colonial International Relations (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002)
9. and Ash Amin and Ronen Palan, 'Towards a Non-Rationalist International Political Economy', Review of International Political Economy, 8:4 (2002), pp. 559-77.
10. Birgit Locher and Elisabeth Prugl have argued something similar for feminist IR and constructivism, see 'Feminism and Constructivism: Worlds Apart or Sharing the Middle Ground?', International Studies Quarterly, 45 (2001), pp. 111-28.
11. Robert Cox, 'Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory', Millenium, 10:2 (1981), pp. 126-55.
12. Robert Cox, 'Critical Political Economy', in Bjorn Hettne (ed.), International Political Economy: Understanding Global Disorder (London: Zed Press, 1995), p. 31.
13. Murphy and Nelson, 'IPE', p. 400.
14. Robert Cox, 'The Way Ahead: Toward a New Ontology of World Order', in Robert Wyn Jones (ed.), Critical Theory and World Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001), p. 48.
15. Ronen Palan, 'New Trends in Global Political Economy', in Ronen Palan (ed.), Global Political Economy: Contemporary Theories (London: Routledge, 2000). pp. 1-18.
16. Robert O'Brien, 'Labour and IPE: Rediscovering Human Agency', in Palan, Global Political Economy, pp. 89-99.
17. Amin and Palan, 'Towards Non-Rationalist IPE'.
18. A. Amin, R. Palan and P. Taylor. 'Forum for Heterodox International Political Economy', Review of International Political Economy, 1 (1994), pp. 1-12.
19. Joanne Cook, Jennifer Roberts and Georgina Waylen (eds.), Towards a Gendered Political Economy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000).
20. G. Waylen, 'Gender, Feminism and Political Economy', New Political Economy, 2:2 (1997), pp. 205-20.
21. L. Beneria, in 'Towards Non-Rationalist IPE'.
22. N. Cagatay, D. Elson and C. Grown, 'Introduction to Special Issue on Gender Adjustment and Macroeconomics', World Development, 23:11 (1995), p. 8929.
23. L. Beneria, 'Globalization, Gender and Davos Man', Feminist Economics, 5:3 (1999), pp. 61-83.
24. L. Beneria, 'Toward a Greater Integration of Gender in Economics', World Development, 23:11 (1995), pp. 1834-41.
25. G. Waylen, 'Introduction to Special Section: Towards a Gendered Political Economy', New Political Economy, 3:2 (1998), pp. 181-9.
26. Robert O'Brien, 'The Agency of Labour in a Changing Global Order', in Richard Stubbs and Geoffrey Underhill (eds.), Political Economy and the Changing Global Order, 2nd edn. (Ontario: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 38-47.
27. Amin et al., 'Forum for Heterodox IPE'.
28. Paul Hirst, Paul and Graham Thompson, Globalization in Question (Cambridge: Polity, 1996).
29. Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
30. Introduction to Randall Germain (ed.), Globalization and Its Critics: Perspectives from Political Economy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000), pp. xiii-xx.
31. S. Gill, 'Globalisation, market civilisation and disciplinary neo-liberalism', Millenium, 24:3 (1995), pp. 399-423.
32. Gill, Globalisation.
33. Barry Gills (ed.), Globalization and the Politics of Resistance (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000);
34. Robert O'Brien, Anne Marie Goetz, Jan Arte Scholte, and Mark Williams, Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Insitutions and Global Social Movements (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
35. John Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner, 1997);
36. Gills, Globalization and Resistance;
37. Ngaire Woods (ed.), The Political Economy of Globalization (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000).
38. B. Gills, 'Re-orientating the New (International) Political Economy', New Political Economy, 6:2 (2001).
39. J. A. Scholte, 'Global Civil Society', in Ngaire Woods, Political Economy'.
40. Mittelman, Globalization: Critical Reflection.
41. Germain, Globalization and its Critics.
42. Gills, Globalization and Resistance.
43. David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999).
44. David Held and Anthony McGrew (eds.), Global Transformations: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate (Cambridge: Polity, 2000).
45. One notable exception to this gender blindness is the collection edited by Eleonore Kofman and Gillian Youngs, Globalization: Theory and Practice (London: Pinter, 1996), but this is not surprising as both the editors are feminists who undertake gendered analyses.
46. Held and McGrew, Global Transformations.
47. O'Brien, 'Agency'.
48. O'Brien et al., Contesting Global Governance.
49. Isabella Bakker, 'Who built the Pyramids? Engendering the new international economic and financial architecture', ISA paper, Chicago 2001.
50. See, for example, Saskia Sassen, Globalization and its Discontents (New York: The New Publisher, 1998).
51. Feminist economists have shown some reluctance to use the term globalisation. The Special Issue of Feminist Economics on 'Gender and Globalization', 6:3 (2000)
52. is the first major academic feminist economics publication to engage with the term globalisation, and, although covering much of the same ground, the World Development Special Issue on 'Growth, Trade Finance and Gender Inequality' (2000),
53. edited by some prominent feminist economists, does not use the term until the last page of the Introduction. However, globalisation is prominent in the UNDAW 1999 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development: Globalization, Gender and Work (New York: UNDAW, 1999), which itself is very influenced by the work of feminist economists.
54. Although the editorial of the Feminist Economics Special Issue on globalisation talks about this, the articles are on flexible labour in Mexico, the Asian financial crisis, India's new economic policy of 1991 and export growth in Taiwan.
55. Ester Boserup's book, Women's Role in Economic Development (New York: St Martin's Press, 1970) is a pioneering work in this field.
56. Kate Young, Carol Wolkowitz and Roisin McCullagh (eds.), Of Marriage and the Market: Women's Subordination in International Perspective (London: CSE Books, 1981);
57. D. Elson and R. Pearson, 'Nimble Fingers Make Cheap Workers: An Analysis of Women's Employment in Third World Export Manufacturing', Feminist Review, 7 (Spring 1981), pp. 87-107.
58. Much early feminist IR work consisted of programmatic statements laying out what should be done to gender IPE without actually doing it: see Christine Sylvester, The Emperor's Theories and Transformations: Looking at the Field Through Feminist Lenses', in David Pirages and Christine Sylvester (eds.), Transformations in Global Political Economy (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990);
59. J. Ann Tickner, 'On the Fringes of the World Economy: A Feminist Perspective', in Murphy and Tooze (eds.), The New International Political Economy;
60. Sandra Whitworth, Theory as Exclusion: Gender and International Political Economy', in Richard Stubbs and Geoffrey Underhill (eds.), Political Economy and the Changing Global Order (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994).
61. Then followed a phase in which gender and IR texts began to include a rather brief chapter on IPE (for example, Jill Steans, Gender and International Relations: An Introduction (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998).
62. Many of these chapters are not about IPE. Even Sandra Whitworth's updated chapter Theory and Exclusion: Gender, Masculinity and International Political Economy' in the second edition of Stubbs and Underhill's Political Economy, published in 2001, is still primarily about feminist IR.
63. Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
64. Marianne Marchand, 'Gendered Representations of the "Global": Reading/Writing Globalization', in Stubbs and Underhill, Political Economy, 2nd edn., p. 221;
65. Charlotte Hooper, 'Masculinities in Transition: The Case of Globalization', in Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
66. Locher and Prugl, 'Feminism and Constructivism'.
67. Gillian Youngs, 'Breaking Patriarchal Bonds: Demythologizing the Public/Private', in Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
68. In an important recent book Spike Peterson has outlined what a gendered global political economy would look like from their perspective. See V. Spike Peterson, A Critical Rewriting of Global Political Economy: Integrating Reproductive, Productive and Virtual Economies (New York: Routledge, 2003).
69. Susan Bergeron, 'Political Economy Discourses of Globalization and Feminist Politics', Signs, 26:4 (2001), pp. 983-1006.
70. Some scholars have tried to bring together the different strands of the gender and globalisation work. But often this privileges feminist IR approaches that emphasise culture, identity and power at the expense of gendered political economy/feminist economics approaches which are characterised as displaying 'mono-disciplinary, productivist and masculinist biases that generate "thin" and ideologically constrained analyses': V. S. Peterson, 'Rewriting (Global) Political Economy as Reproductive, Productive and Virtual (Foucauldian) Economies', International Feminist Journal of Politics, 4:1 (2002), pp. 1-30;
71. Peterson, Critical Rewriting.
72. For a more detailed discussion see Georgina Waylen, 'Putting Governance into the Gendered Political Economy of Globalization', International Journal of Feminist Politics, 6:4 (2004).
73. Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
74. Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring, Ibid, p. 12.
75. Hooper, 'Masculinities'.
76. C. Freeman, 'Is Local: Global as Feminine: Masculine? Rethinking the Gender of Globalization', Signs, 26:4 (2001), pp. 1007-39, p. 1013.
77. G. Standing, 'Global Feminization Through Flexible Labour', World Development, 17:7 (1989), pp. 1077-95.
78. Elson and Pearson 'Nimble Fingers'.
79. Ruth Pearson, 'Nimble Fingers Revisited: Reflections on Women and Third World Industrialization in the Late Twentieth Century', in Cecile Jackson and Ruth Pearson (eds.), Feminist Visions of Development: Gender Analysis and Policy (London: Routledge, 1998).
80. Stephanie Barrientos, Anna Bee, Ann Matear and Isobel Vogel, Women in Agribusiness: Working Miracles in the Chilean Fruit Export Sector (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999).
81. Patricia Fernandez Kelly and Saskia Sassen, 'Recasting Women in the Global Economy: Internationalization and Changing Definitions of Gender', in Christine Bose and Ellen Acosta-Belen (eds.), Women in the Latin American Development Process (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1995);
82. Eleonore Kofman, 'Beyond a Reductionist Analysis of Female Migrants in Global European Cities: The Unskilled, Deskilled, and Professional', in Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
83. Haleh Afshar and Carolynne Dennis (eds.), Women and Adjustment Policies in the Third World (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992);
84. Isabella Bakker, 'Introduction: Engendering Macro-economic Policy Reform in the Era of Global Restructuring and Adjustment', in Isabella Bakker (ed.), The Strategic Silence: Gender and Economic Policy (London: Zed Books, 1994), pp. 1-9;
85. Pamela Sparr (ed.), Mortgaging Women's Lives: Feminist Critiques of Structural Adjustment (London: Zed Books, 1994).
86. A. Arenas de Montecinos and V. Montecinos, 'The Privatization of Social Security and Women's Welfare: Gender Effects of the Chilean Reform', Latin American Research Review, 34:3 (1999), pp. 7-38.
87. Sheila Rowbotham and Stephanie Linkogle Rowbotham, Women Resist Globalization: Mobilizing for Livelihood and Rights (London: Zed Books, 2001).
88. Aiwa Ong, Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline: Factory Women in Malaysia (Buffalo, NY: State University of New York, 1987);
89. Linda Lim, 'Women's Work in Export Factories: the Politics of a Cause', in Irene Tinker (ed.), Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990);
90. Sheila Rowbotham and Swasti Mitter (eds.), Dignity and Daily Bread: New Forms of Economic Organizing among Poor Women in the Third World and the First (London: Routledge, 1994);
91. Amrita Basu (ed.), The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women's Movements in Global Perspective (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995).
92. Amy Lind, 'Negotiating Boundaries: Women's Organizations and the Politics of Restructuring in Ecuador', in Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
93. Maruja Barrig, 'Women, Collective Kitchens and the Crisis of the State in Peru', in John Friedman, Rachel Abers and Lisa Autler (eds.), Emergences: Women's Struggles for Lifelihood in Latin America (Los Angeles: Center for Latin American Studies, UCLA, 1996).
94. Laura Macdonald, 'Globalization and Social Movements: Comparing Women's Movement Responses to NAFTA in Mexico, the USA and Canada', International Feminist Journal of Politics, 4:2 (2002), pp. 151-72;
95. Ann Sisson Runyan, 'The Places of Women in Trading Places: Gendered Global/Regional Regimes and Internationalised Feminist Resistance', in Kofman and Youngs, Globalization: Theory and Practice.
96. Margaret Keck and Katherine Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Cornell, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998);
97. Sonia Alvarez, 'Latin American Feminisms "Go Global": Trends for the 1990s and Challenges for the New Millenium', in Sonia Alvarez, Arturo Escobar, and Evelino Dagnino (eds.), Politics of Culture/Cultures of Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998).
98. O'Brien et al., Contesting Global Governance.
99. Deborah Stienstra, 'Dancing Resistance from Rio to Beijing: Transnational Women's Organizing and United Nations Conferences 1992-6', in Marchand and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring;
100. Alice Clark, Elisabeth Friedman and Katheryn Hochstetler, 'The Sovereign Limits of Global Civil Society: A Comparison of NGO participation in UN World Conferences on the Environment, Human Rights and Women', World Politics, 51:1 (1998), pp. 1-35.
101. Jacqui True and Michael Mintrom, 'Transnational Networks and Policy Diffusion: The Case of Gender Mainstreaming', International Studies Quarterly, 45 (2001), pp. 27-57.
102. Valerie Sperling, Myra Marx Ferree and Barbara Risman, 'Constructing Global Feminism: Transnational Advocacy Networks and Russian Women's Activism', Signs, 26:4 (2001), pp. 1155-86.
103. Freeman, 'Is Local', p. 1013.
104. Leslie Salzinger, Genders in Production: Making Workers in Mexico's Global Factories (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003).
105. K. Chang and Lily Ling, 'Globalization and Its Intimate Other: Filipina Domestic Workers in Hong Kong', in Marchand, and Runyan, Gender and Global Restructuring.
106. Brigitte Young, 'Gender and Globalization: A European Perspective', in Rita Mae Kelly et al. (eds.), Gender, Globalization and Democratization (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield);
107. B. Young, 'The "Mistress" and the "Maid" in the Globalized Economy', Socialist Register (2001), pp. 315-27.
108. Diane Elson, 'Male Bias in Macro Economics: The Case of Structural Adjustment', in Diane Elson (ed.), Male Bias in the Development Process, 2nd edn. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995).
109. Ingrid Palmer, 'Gender Equity and Economic Efficiency in Adjustment Programmes', in Afshar and Dennis, Women and Adjustment Policies, pp. 69-83.
110. Goran Esping Andersen, The Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
111. This use of Esping Andersen's work is not support for Charli Carpenter's position (fn. 4).
112. Tickner has argued this for mainstream IR, 'You Just Don't Understand', p. 629.