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Etymology: Castor (Latin), beaver; couda (Latin), tail; after the broad, flattened, scaly, and beaverlike tail for swimming; lutra (Latin), otter; similis (Latin), similar; similar to extant otters in some dental and vertebral characters. Systematics: Clade Mammaliaformes (Class Mammalia by traditional definition); Order Docodonta; Family incertae sedis; gen. et sp. nov. Castorocauda lutrasimilis. Holotype: Jinzhou Museum of Paleontology, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, China (JZMP-04-117), an incomplete, flattened skeleton, partial skull, preserved with fur and scales. Locality and Age: Daohugou locality (N41°18.979′, E119°14.318′), Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, dated to be 164 million years ago (15-17).
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33644518944
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note
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Diagnosis: Lower dentition i4, c1, p5, m6 (Fig. 2). Castorocauda lutrasimilis has the typical docodontan molar features in molars 3 to 6 but is distinguishable from other docodontans by the mediolaterally compressed molars 1 and 2 with slightly recurved cusps in alignment In mandibular length, C. lutrasimilis is about twice as large as Docodon, the next largest docodontan. See also (24).
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24
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33644548607
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Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online
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Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
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33644529984
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note
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We thank Z.-Y. Sun and the Jinzhou Museum of Paleontology for making this specimen available for us to study. We also thank K. C. Beard, M. R. Dawson, T. Martin, N. Rybczynski, and J. R. Wible for numerous discussions; M. R. Dawson for improving the manuscript; M. A. Klingler for assistance with graphics; J. R. Wible for access to collections; and H.-L. You for assistance with this study. We received support from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Beijing), Ministry of Land Resources of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 project) (Q.J.); and from the National Science Foundation (USA), National Natural Science Foundation (China), National Geographic Society, and Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Z.-X.L).
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