Horizontal management: Implementing programs across interdependent organizations

Canadian Public Administration

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 93-109

  Sproule Jones, Mark ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33444475052     PISSN: 00084840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-7121.2000.tb01562.x     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Canada, Deputy Ministers' Task Force, Managing Horizontal Policy (Ottawa: Privy Council Office, 1996).
2. It is called "horizontal management" in Managing Horizontal Policy Ibid.
3. It is referred to as "managing networks" in Evert A. Lindquist, Public Managers and Policy Communities (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Management Development, 1992);
4. W.J.M. Kickert and J. Koppenjan, "Public management and network management," in Walter J.M. Kickert, Erik-Hans Klijn and Joop F.M. Koppenjan, eds., Managing Complex Networks (London: Sage Publications, 1997), pp. 35-61;
5. and in P. Bergason and T.A.J. Toonen, "Introduction: networks in public administration," Public Administration 76, no. 2 (Summer 1998), pp. 205-27.
6. The term "community or research governance" is used in E. Ostrom, Governing the Commons (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990);
7. E. Ostrom, R. Gardner and J. Walker, Rules, Games and Common Pool Resources (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994);
8. Institute for Research on Environment and Economy, Community Empowerment in Ecosystem Management (Ottawa: IREE, 1996);
9. and in Mark H. Sproule-Jones, "Restoring the Great Lakes," Coastal Management 27 (1999), pp. 291-315. In the last case, some resource governance management is based on multiple individuals rather than multiple organizations, both sets of which may hold a bundle of property rights.
10. L. Carlsson, "Nonhierarchical implementation analysis," Journal of Theoretical Politics 8 (1996), pp. 527-46;
11. Mark H. Sproule-Jones, "The enduring colony," Publius 14 (1984), pp. 93-108.
12. Mark H. Sproule-Jones, Public Choice and Federalism in Australia and Canada (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1975).
13. Vincent Ostrom, The Intellectual Crisis of American Public Administration, revised edition (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1989);
14. Vincent Ostrom, The Meaning of American Federalism (San Francisco: Institute of Contemporary Studies Press, 1991);
15. Vincent Ostrom, The Meaning of Democracy and the Vulnerability of Democracies (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1997).
16. Oliver E. Williamson, "Transaction cost economics," Journal of Law and Economics 22, no. 1 (April 1979), pp. 233-61;
17. Oliver E. Williamson, Economic Organization (New York: New York University Press, 1986).
18. Michael A. Atkinson and William D. Coleman, The State, Business and Industrial Change in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989);
19. G. Jordan, "Sub-government, policy communities and networks," Journal of Theoretical Politics 2 (1990), pp. 319-38;
20. F. W. Scharpf, Games Real Actors Play (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1997).
21. Kenneth Hanf and Laurence J. O'Toole, "Revisiting old friends: networks, implementation structures and the management of inter-organizational relations," European Journal of Political Research 21, nos. 1-2 (February 1992), pp. 163-80, at p. 172.
22. Scharpf, Games Real Actors Play, Chapter 6.
23. Lindquist, Public Managers and Policy Communities.
24. Erik-Hans Klijn, Joop Koppenjan and Katrien Termeer, "Managing networks in the public sector: a theoretical study of management strategies in policy networks," Public Administration 73, no. 3 (Autumn 1995), pp. 437-54;
25. Kickert and Koppenjan, "Public management and network management," in Kickert, Klijn and Koppenjan, Managing Complex Networks.
26. Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons;
27. Elinor Ostrom, R. Gardner and J. Walker, Rules, Games and Common Pool Resources (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994).
28. M.A. McKean, "Success in the commons," Journal of Theoretical Politics 4 (1992), pp. 247-82;
29. R. Keohane and Elinor Ostrom, "Introduction: local government and global concerns," Journal of Theoretical Politics 6 (1994), pp. 403-28;
30. Mark H. Sproule-Jones, Governments at Work (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993);
31. Sproule-Jones, "Restoring the Great Lakes," Coastal Management.
32. B. Gray, Collaborating (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989);
33. Institute for Research on Environment and Economy, Community Empowerment in Ecosystem Management.
34. Mark H. Sproule-Jones, "Institutional Design for the Economy and the Environment," in B. Sadler et al., eds., Balancing the Scale (Toronto: Foundation for International Trading, 1995).
35. Mark H. Sproule-Jones, The Real World of Pollution Control (Vancouver: Westwater Research Centre, 1981).
36. For northern Europe, see B. Hjern and C. Hull, Helping Small Firms Grow (Beckenham, U.K.: Croom Helm, 1987);
37. for the U.S., see Elinor Ostrom, R.B. Parks and G.P. Whitaker, Patterns of Metropolitan Policing (Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Press, 1978),
38. and D. Chisholm, Coordination without Hierarchy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989);
39. and for Canada, see Sproule-Jones, The Real World of Pollution Control.
40. th edition (Scarborough, Ont.: ITP Nelson, 1999).
41. Ostrom, Parks and Whitaker, Patterns in Metropolitan Policing;
42. R.L. Bish, "Federalism: a market economics perspective," Cato Journal 7, no. 2 (Fall 1987), pp. 377-96;
43. Sproule-Jones, Governments At Work.
44. Sproule-Jones, "Restoring the Great Lakes," Coastal Management.
45. J.D. Thompson, Organizations in Action (New York: McGraw Hill, 1967).
46. The Remedial Action Plan is a multistakeholder plan formed under the auspices of a Canada-Ontario agreement to implement the recommendations of an international joint commission recommendation to restore beneficial uses in forty-three highly polluted "Areas of Concern" on the Great Lakes.
47. Ecowise, Third Annual Report (Hamilton: McMaster University, 1996).
48. Sproule-Jones, "Restoring the Great Lakes," Coastal Management.
49. Environment Canada, Remedial Action Plan for Hamilton Harbour: 1998 Status Report (Burlington, Ont.: Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 1998).
50. th edition (Fort Worth, Tx.: Harcourt, Brace, 1997), pp. 37-43;
51. Kernaghan and Siegel, Public Administration in Canada: A Text.
52. Luther Gulick, "Notes on the Theory of Organization," in Shafritz and Hyde, Classics of Public Administration, pp. 81-9.
53. These are generalizations based on an examination of the role of Remedial Action Plan coordinators in the Great Lakes, particularly those for Hamilton Harbour.
54. See, for example, the compendium of curricula collected by David Siegel, Compendium of Outlines of Public Administration Courses (St. Catharines, Ont.: Brock University for the Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration, 1991).
55. One crude estimate is given by A. Gebhardt and G. Lindsey, "Financing the ecosystem approach," Public Works Management and Policy 1 (1996), pp. 158-73, in their attempt to characterize expenditures on the Remedial Action Plan cleanups in Great Lakes (U.S.) "Areas of Concern." They calculate that U.S. state expenditures (of one or more state agencies) range from a low of six per cent (New York) to a high of nine per cent (Wisconsin) of their total state budgets. The figures thus exclude U.S. federal expenditures, the expenditures of private-sector organizations, and the expenditures of non-profit stakeholders and are consequently downwardly biased totals of one horizontal management program in the U.S.
56. Sharon L. Sutherland and J.R. Mitchell, "Parliament and Administration," in J. Bourgault, M. Demers and C. Williams, eds., Public Administration and Public Management (Sainte-Foy: Les Publication du Québec, 1997), pp. 25-43;
57. P. Thomas, "The Changing Nature of Accountability," in B. Guy Peters and Donald J. Savoie, eds., Taking Stock (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1998), pp. 348-98.
58. Weber, "Bureaucracy," in Shafritz and Hyde, Classics of Public Administration, p. 51.
59. Cited in Kernaghan and Siegel, Public Administration in Canada: A Text, p. 370.
60. Peter Aucoin, The New Public Management (Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1995);
61. R. Gregory, "Accountability and Corruption," in J. Boston, ed., The State Under Contract (Wellington, N.Z.: Bridget Williams Books, 1995), Chapter 3;
62. Alasdair Roberts, "Performance-based organizations: assessing the Gore Plan," Public Administration Review 57, no. 6 (November/December 1997), pp. 465-76;
63. Leslie Seidle, "Responsiveness and accountability," in R. Ford and D. Zussman, eds., Alternative Service Delivery: Sharing Governance in Canada (Toronto: KPMG and Institute of Public Administration of Canada, 1997), pp. 88-103;
64. Thomas, "The Changing Nature of Accountability, in Peters and Savoie, Taking Stock.
65. Herman L. Boschken, "Organizational performance and multiple constituencies," Public Administration Review 54, no. 4 (July/August 1994), pp. 308-12.
66. Evidence is based on a survey reported in Sproule-Jones, "Restoring the Great Lakes," Coastal Management, on my experiences as president and board member of the council, and in designing institutional arrangements for implementing the Remedial Action Plan as chair of an ad hoc implementation committee of stakeholders.
67. I am grateful to Tony Dorcey of the University of British Columbia in bringing this literature and his graduate course to my attention. The key literature is R. Fisher and W. Ivy, Getting to Yes: Negotiating without Giving (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981);
68. A.H.J. Dorcey, "Negotiation in the Integration of Environmental and Economic Assessment," in Sadler et al., eds., Balancing the Scale, pp. 101-118;
69. J. Friedmann, Planning in the Public Domain (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987);
70. A.H.J. Dorcey, M.W. McPhee and S. Sydney-Smith, Salmon Protection and the BC Coastal Forest Industry (Vancouver: Westwater Research Centre, U.B.C., for the Economic Council of Canada, 1980);
71. Gray, Collaborating;
72. D.D. Chrislip and C.E. Larson, Collaborative Leadership (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994).
73. The police example is taken from Ostrom, Parks and Whitaker, Patterns in Metropolitan Policing.
74. Some more complex examples will be found in Sproule-Jones, Governments at Work.
75. The pioneering work on industrial organization and service activities is J.S. Bain, Industrial Organization (New York: Wiley, 1959).
76. See also Williamson's "Transaction cost economics," Journal of Law and Economics and his Economic Organization for his contributions in the development of this work.
77. See Roberts, "Performance based organizations," Public Administration Review, for amplification of this thesis in the context of the U.S. national government.
78. See also Vincent Ostrom's The Intellectual Crisis of American Public Administration, The Meaning of American Federalism, The Meaning of Democracy and the Vulnerability of Democracies for metatheory on polycentric patterns of organizations and artefacts.