Evidence for a decline in Northern Quebec (Nunavik) Belugas

Arctic

Volumn 57, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 183-195

  Hammill, M O ^a   Lesage, V ^a   Gosselin, J F ^a   Bourdages, H ^a   De March, B G E ^a   Kingsley, M C S ^b  

^a FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA   (Canada)

^b GREENLAND INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES   (Greenland)

Author keywords

Abundance; Aerial survey; Beluga; Harvesting; Northern Quebec; Nunavik

Indexed keywords

AERIAL SURVEY; HARVESTING; LINE TRANSECT; POPULATION DECLINE; WHALE;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; QUEBEC;

ANIMALIA; CETACEA; DELPHINAPTERUS; DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS; LEUCAS; MAMMALIA;

EID: 3342925398     PISSN: 00040843     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14430/arctic494     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. ANONYMOUS. 1999. Nunavik at a glance. Kuujjuaq, Quebec: Makivik Corporation, Economic Development Department.
2. BARLOW, J., and BOVENG, P. 1991. Modeling age specific mortality for marine mammal populations. Marine Mammal Science 7:50-65.
3. BRENNIN, R., MURRAY, B.W., FRIESEN, M.K., MAIERS, L.D., CLAYTON, J.W., and WHITE. B.N. 1997. Population genetic structure of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within and among North American populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:795-802.
4. BRETON-PROVENCHER, M. 1980. Survey of the beluga population in the Poste de la Baleine region (New Quebec). Report of the International Whaling Commission, Doc SC/32/SM16. (Translated from French by the Fisheries and Oceans Canada).
5. BROWN GLADDEN, J.G., FERGUSON, M.M., and CLAYTON, J.W. 1997. Matriarchal genetic population structure of North American beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas (Cetacea: Monodontidae). Molecular Ecology 6:1033-1046.
6. BROWN GLADDEN, J.G., FERGUSON, M.M., FRIESEN, M.K., and CLAYTON, J.W. 1999. Population structure of North American beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) based on nuclear DNA microsatellite variation and contrasted with the population structure revealed by mtDNA variation. Molecular Ecology 8:347-363.
7. BUCKLAND, S.T., ANDERSON, D.R., BURNHAM. K.P., and LAAKE. J.L. 1993. Distance sampling: Estimating abundance of biological populations. London: Chapman & Hall. 446 p.
8. BURNS, J.J., and SEAMAN, G.A. 1985. Biology and ecology. Pt II of investigations of belukha whales in coastal waters of western and northern Alaska. Final Report to OCSEAP, Contract NA 81 RAC 00049. Fairbanks: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 129 p.
9. CARON, L.M., and SMITH, T.G. 1990. Philopatry and site tenacity of belugas, (Delphinapterus leucas) hunted by the Inuit at the Nastapoka Estuary, eastern Hudson Bay. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 224:69-79.
10. COCHRAN, W.G. 1977. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
11. DE MARCH, B.G.E., and MAIERS, L.D. 2001. Stock discrimination of belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) hunted in eastern Hudson Bay, northern Québec, Hudson Strait, and Sanikiluaq (Belcher Islands), using mitochondrial DNA and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Research Document 2001/050. 9 p. URL: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/
12. DE MARCH, B.G.E., and POSTMA, L.D. 2003. Molecular genetic stock discrimination of belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) hunted in eastern Hudson Bay, northern Quebec, Hudson Strait, and Sanikiluaq (Belcher Islands), Canada, and comparisons to adjacent populations. Arctic 56(2):111-124.
13. DeMASTER, D.P., LOWRY, L.F., FROST, K.J., and BENGTSON, R.A. 2001. The effect of sea state on estimates of abundance for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Norton Sound, Alaska. Fisheries Bulletin 99:197-201.
14. DOAN, K.H., and DOUGLAS, C.W. 1953. Beluga of the Churchill region of Hudson Bay. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 98. 27 p.
15. DOIDGE, D.W. 1990. Age and stage based analysis of the population dynamics of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, with particular reference to the northern Quebec population. Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, Montreal. 190 p.
16. _. 1994. Landbased observations of beluga whales at the Little Whale and Nastapoka Rivers, eastern Hudson Bay, summer 1993. Funded by Fisheries and Oceans Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy. Available from the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Box 1000, Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4, Canada. 30 p.
17. DOIDGE, D.W., and LESAGE, V. 2001. Use of the Nastapoka and Little Whale River estuaries by humans and beluga during summer 2001. Report prepared by Makivik Corporation for Environment Canada. Available from the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Box 1000, Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4, Canada. 34 p.
18. EFRON, B. 1982. The jack-knife, the bootstrap, and other resampling plans. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. 92 p.
19. FINLEY, K.J., MILLER, G.W., ALLARD, M., DAVIS, R.A., and EVANS, C.R. 1982. The belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) of northern Quebec: Distribution, abundance, stock identity, catch history and management. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1123. v + 57 p.
20. FJMC (FISHERIES JOINT MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE). 1998. Beaufort Sea beluga management plan. 3rd ed. Available from the Joint Secretariat, Box 2120, Inuvik, Northwest Territories X0E 0T0, Canada.
21. GOSSELIN, J.-F., LESAGE, V., HAMMILL, M.O., and BOURDAGES, H. 2002. Abundance indices of beluga in James Bay, eastern Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay in summer 2001. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document 2002/042.27 p. Available from the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Box 1000, Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4, Canada. URL: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas
22. GUNN, A. 2001. Conservation and resource use in Arctic ecosystems. In: Reynolds, J.D., Mace, G.M., Redford, K.H., and Robinson, J.G., eds. Conservation of exploited species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 424-439.
23. HARWOOD, L.A., INNES, S., NORTON, P., and KINGSLEY, M.C.S. 1996. Distribution and abundance of beluga whales in the Mackenzie estuary, southeast Beaufort Sea, and west Amundsen Gulf during late July 1992. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:2262-2273.
24. HEIDE-JØRGENSEN, M.P., and REEVES, R.R. 1996. Evidence of a decline in beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, abundance off West Greenland. ICES Journal of Marine Science 53:61-72.
25. HOBBS, R.C., RUGH, D.J., and DeMASTER, D.P. 2000. Abundance of belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1994-2000. Marine Fisheries Review 62:37-45.
26. HUTTON, J., and DICKSON, B. 2001. Conservation out of exploitation: A silk purse from a sow's ear. In: Reynolds, J.D., Mace, G.M., Redford, K.H., and Robinson, J.G., eds. Conservation of exploited species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 440-461.
27. INNES, S., and STEWART, R.E.A. 2002. Population size and yield of Baffin Bay beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) stocks. NAMMCO Scientific Publications 4:225-238.
28. JOHANNES, R.E., FREEMAN, M.M.R., and HAMILTON, R.J. 2000. Ignore fishers' knowledge and miss the boat. Fish and Fisheries 1:257-271.
29. JONKEL, C.J. 1969. White whales wintering in James Bay. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26:2205-2207.
30. KAYSUYA, T., SERGEANT, D.E., and TANAKA, K. 1988. Re-examination of life history parameters of long-finned pilot whales in Newfoundland waters. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 39:103-119.
31. KINGSLEY, M.C.S. 1989. Population dynamics of the narwhal (Monodon monoceros): An initial assessment (Odontoceti: Monodontidae). The Journal of Zoology of the Zoological Society of London 219:201-208.
32. _. 2000. Numbers and distribution of belugas in Hudson Bay, James Bay and Ungava Bay in Canada during the summer of 1993. Fisheries Bulletin 98:736-747.
33. KINGSLEY, M.C.S., and GAUTHIER, I. 2002. Visibility of St Lawrence belugas to aerial photography, estimated by direct observation. NAMMCO Scientific Publications 4:259-270.
34. KINGSLEY, M.C.S., and REEVES, R.R. 1998. Aerial surveys of cetaceans in the Gulf of St Lawrence in 1995 and 1996. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:1529-1550.
35. KINGSLEY, M.C.S., STIRLING, I., and CALVERT, W.A. 1985. The distribution and abundance of seals in the Canadian high Arctic, 1980-82. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42:1189-1210.
36. KINGSLEY, M.C.S., RICHARD, P., and INNES, S. 1995. The effect of management options on the dynamics of beluga populations. Unpubl. report prepared for the Northern Quebec and Native Affairs Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Quebec Region. Available from the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Box 1000, Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4, Canada. 21 p.
37. KINGSLEY, M.C.S., GOSSELIN, S., and SLENO, G.A. 2001. Movements and dive behavior of belugas in northern Quebec. Arctic 54(3):262-275.
38. LANDE, R., SÆTHER, B.-E., and ENGEN, S. 2001. Sustainable exploitation of fluctuating populations. In: Reynolds, J.D., Mace, G.M., Redford, K.H., and Robinson, J.G, eds. Conservation of exploited species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 67-86.
39. LESAGE, V., DOIDGE, D.W., and FIBICH, R. 2001. Harvest statistics for beluga whales in Nunavik: 1974-2000. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Research Document 2001/022. 35 p. Available from the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Box 1000, Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4, Canada. URL: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/
40. NORTON, P., and HARWOOD. L. A. 1986. Distribution, abundance and behaviour of white whales in the Mackenzie Estuary. Environmental Studies Research Funds Report 036. 73 p.
41. PELLA, J.J., and THOMLINSON, P.K. 1969. A generalized stock production model. Bulletin of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 13:420-496.
42. REEVES, R.R., and MITCHELL, E.D. 1987a. Catch history, former abundance and distribution of white whales in Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay. Naturaliste Canadien 114:1-65.
43. _. 1987b. History of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) exploitation in eastern Hudson Bay and James Bay. Canadian Special Publications on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 95. 45 p.
44. _. 1989. Status of white whales, Delphinapterus leucas, in Ungava Bay and eastern Hudson Bay. Canadian Field-Naturalist 103:220-239.
45. REILLY, S.B., and BARLOW, J. 1986. Rates of increase in dolphin population size. Fisheries Bulletin 84:527-533.
46. RICHARD, P., and PIKE, D.G. 1993. Small whale co-management in the eastern Canadian Arctic: A case history and analysis. Arctic 46(2):138-143.
47. RICHARD, P.R., ORR, J.R., and BARBER, D.G. 1990. The distribution and abundance of belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in eastern Canadian waters: A review and update. In: Smith, T.G., St. Aubin, D.J., and Geraci, J.R., eds. Advances in research on the beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 224. 23-38.
48. RICHARDS, F.J. 1959. A flexible growth function for empirical use. Journal of Experimental Botany 10:290-300.
49. SEJERSEN, F. 2001. Hunting and management of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Greenland: Changing strategies to cope with new national and local interests. Arctic 54(4):431-443.
50. SERGEANT, D.E. 1973. Biology of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in western Hudson Bay. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 30:1065-1090.
51. SMITH, T.G. 1998. Seasonal movements and migrations of belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, along the Nunavik coastlines: Evidence from harvest statistics, game reports, local knowledge and scientific studies. Available from the Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Box 1000, Mont-Joli, Quebec G5H 3Z4, Canada. 31 p.
52. SMITH, T.G., and HAMMILL, M.O. 1986. Population estimates of white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, in James Bay, Eastern Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43:1982-1987.
53. USHER, P.J. 1995. Comanagement of natural resources: Some aspects of the Canadian experience. In: Peterson, D.L., and Johnson, D.R., eds. Human ecology and climate: People and resources in the Far North. Washington: Taylor & Francis. 197-206.