Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase reduces the propofol requirements in wild-type and nNOS knockout mice

European Journal of Anaesthesiology

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 197-201

  Engelhardt, T ^a   Lowe, P R ^a   Galley, H F ^a   Webster, N R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anesthetics, intravenous propofol; Animals mice; Nitric oxide; Nucleotides cyclic GMP

Indexed keywords

7 NITROINDAZOLE; NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROPOFOL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; ENZYME INHIBITION; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PAIN; RIGHTING REFLEX; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; WILD TYPE;

ANESTHETICS, INTRAVENOUS; ANIMALS; DNA PRIMERS; DRUG RESISTANCE; ENZYME INHIBITORS; INDAZOLES; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MUSCULOSKELETAL EQUILIBRIUM; NEOMYCIN; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE TYPE I; PROPOFOL; REFLEX; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

EID: 33344476743     PISSN: 02650215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0265021505002188     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Johns RA, Moscicki JC, DiFazio CA. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor dose-dependently and reversibly reduces the threshold for halothane anesthesia. A role for nitric oxide in mediating consciousness? Anesthesiol 1992; 77: 779-784.
2. G-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) on the threshold for isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiol 1995; 83: 101-108.
3. Ichinose F, Mi WD, Miyazaki M, Onouchi T, Goto T, Morita S. Lack of correlation between the reduction of sevoflurane MAC and the cerebellar cyclic GMP concentrations in mice treated with 7-nitroindazole. Anesthesiol 1998; 89: 143-148.
4. Fukuda T, Saito S, Sato S et al. Halothane minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration and neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity of the dorsal horn and the locus ceruleus in rats. Anesth Analg 1999; 89: 1035-1039.
5. Kobayashi S, Katoh T, Iwamoto T, Bito H, Sato S. Effect of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole on the righting reflex ED50 and minimum alveolar concentration during sevoflurane anaesthesia in rats. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003; 20: 212-219.
6. Huang PL, Dawson TM, Bredt DS, Snyder SH, Fishman MC. Targeted disruption of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene. Cell 1993; 75: 1273-1286.
7. Eliasson MJL, Blackshaw S, Schell MJ, Snyder SH. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase alternatively spliced forms: prominent functional localizations in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 3396-3401.
8. Δ/Δmice). Mol Brain Res 2000; 85: 13-23.
9. G-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), dose dependently reduce the threshold for isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiol 1996; 85: 1111-1119.
10. Irifune M, Sugimura M, Takarada T et al. Propofol anaesthesia in mice is potentiated by muscimol and reversed by bicuculline. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 665-667.
11. Adachi T, Kurata J, Nakao S et al. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor does not reduce minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of halothane in rats. Anesth Analg 1994; 78: 1154-1157.
12. Adachi T, Shinomura T, Nakao S et al. Chronic treatment with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor profoundly reduces cerebellar NOS activity and cyclic guanosine monophosphate but does not modify minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration. Anesth Analg 1995; 81: 862-865.
13. Klatt P, Schmidt K, Brunner F, Mayer B. Inhibitors of brain nitric oxide synthase. Binding kinetics, metabolism, and enzyme inactivation. J Biol Chern 1994; 269: 1674-1680.
14. Klatt P, Schmid M, Leopold E, Schmidt K, Werner ER, Mayer B. The pteridine binding site of brain nitric oxide synthase. Tetrahydrobiopterin binding kinetics, specificity, and allosteric interaction with the substrate domain. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 13861-13866.
15. Alderton WK, Cooper CE, Knowles RG. Nitric oxide synthase: structure, function and inhibition. Biochem J 2001; 357: 593-615.
16. Moore PK, Babbedge RC, Wallace P, Gaffen ZA, Hart SL. 7-Nitro indazole, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, exhibits anti-nociceptive activity in the mouse without increasing blood pressure. Br J Pharmacol 1993; 108: 296-297.
17. Yoshida T, Limmroth V, Irikura K, Moskowitz MA. The NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, decreases focal infarct volume but not the response to topical acetylcholine in pial vessels. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14: 924-929.
18. Simpson VJ, Rikke BA, Costello JM, Corley R, Johnson TE. Identification of a genetic region in mice that specifies sensitivity to propofol. Anesthesiol 1998; 88: 379-389.
19. Barañano DE, Snyder SH. Neural roles for heme oxygenase: contrast to nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 10996-11002.
20. Erden BF, Ulak G, Yildiran G, Gacar N. The effect of 7-nitro indazole on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice. Pharmacol Res 1997; 36: 265-267.