Who's afraid of Syrian nationalism? National and state identity in Syria

Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 179-198

  Zisser, Eyal ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NATION STATE; NATIONALISM;

ASIA; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST; SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC;

EID: 33344465524     PISSN: 00263206     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00263200500417512     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. al-Sharq al-Awsat, London, 8 Feb. 2001
2. see also Eyal Zisser, 'Does Bashshar al-Assad Rule Syria', Middle East Quarterly, Vol.10, No.1 (2003), pp.15-23
3. see also Eyal Zisser, 'A False Spring in Damascus', Orient, Vol.44, No.1 (2003), pp.39-62.
4. See al-Safir, Beirut, 5 Aug. 2001.
5. Al-Shira', Beirut, 11 Dec.
6. see also al-Safir, 30 Dec. 2000.
7. Tishrin, Damascus, 16 Dec. 2002.
8. Radio Damascus, 28 Nov. 2002.
9. For the Association's Website, see www.scs-syria.com
10. Al-Hayat, London, 6 May 2001.
11. Radio Damascus, 6 May 2001.
12. Al-Hayat, 21 Feb. 2001.
13. Syrian TV, 18 Dec. 2002.
14. Tishrin, 18 Sept. 2002.
15. See Daniel Pipes, Greater Syria (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp.57-101
16. see also Kamal Salibi, A House of Many Mansions, the History of Lebanon Reconsidered (London: I.B. Tauris, 1988), pp.57-71
17. Wiliam Harris, The Levant, a Fractured Mosaic (Princeton, NJ: Marcus Weiner Publishers, 2003).
18. See James L. Gelvin, Divided Loyalties, Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998)
19. Philip S., Khoury, Syria and the French Mandate, the Politics of Arab Nationalism 1920-1945 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987).
20. See Patrick Seale, The Struggle for Syria (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965)
21. Andrew Rathmell, Secret War in the Middle East, the Covert Struggle for Syria (London: I. B. Tauris, 1995).
22. Sumar (Damascus), 31 March 1992, pp.5-7.
23. See al-Hayat (London), 11 March 1999.
24. Syrian TV, 1 Aug. 2000.
25. Al-Thawra, 4 Oct. 1992.
26. See Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1982), p.779.
27. Ma'ariv (Tel Aviv), 30 March 2000
28. Yedi'ot Aharonot (Tel Aviv), 30 March 2000.
29. See Mustafa Talas, al-Tahwra al-'Arabiyya al-Kubra (The Great Arab Revolt) (Beirut: Dar al-Shura, 1978).
30. Ibid., pp.48-49.
31. See Kamal Junbalat, I Speak for Lebanon (London: Zed Press, 1982), p.28.
32. Radio Damascus, 20 July 2000.
33. See Tishrin, 11 Jan. 1981.
34. For more, see Eyal Zisser, 'Remembering the Past, Looking Back to the Future: Syrian-Turkish Relations and their Place in Political Discourse in the Formation of Historical Memory in Syria,' paper presented at MESA (Middle Eastern Studies Association) conference, Chicago, 4-7 Dec. 1998.
35. See also Robert Olson, Turkey, Relations with Iran, Israel, and Russia, 1991-2000, the Kurdish and Islamist Questions (Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2001).
36. See Elie Kedourie, The Chatham House Version and other Middle Eastern Studies (Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1984), pp.33-47.
37. Khayriyya Qasimiyya, al-Hukuma al-'Arabiyya fi Dimashq, 1918-1920 (The Arab Government of Damascus, 1918-1920) (Beirut: Al-Mu'assasa al-'Arabiyya li-Dirasat wal-Nashar, 1982).
38. James L. Gelvin, Divided Loyalties, pp.50-51, 287-298
39. Philip S, Khoury, Syria and the French Mandate, the Politics of Arab Nationalism 1920-1945, pp.27-150.
40. See the Ba'th Party offical website, www.bath-party.org
41. See Elie Podeh, The Decline of Arab Unity, the Rise and Fall of the United Arab Republic (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 1999).
42. See Patrick Seale, Assad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 1988), p.213.
43. See Itamar Rabinovich, Syria under the Ba'th, 1963-66, the Army-Party Symbiosis (Jerusalem: Israel Universities Press, 1972).
44. For more on the Ba'th Party and the Neo-Ba'th regime in Syria, see Kamal Abu-Jaber, The Arab Ba'th Socialist Party: History, Ideology and Organization (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1966)
45. Nikolaos Van Dam, The Struggle for Power in Syria (London: I. B. Tauris, 1995).
46. Al-Hayat, 25 April 2001.
47. For Asalan's interview, see al-Jaysh al-Lubnani (Beirut), 14 March 1998.
48. Al-Hayat, 15 April 2001.
49. See Ross Burns, Monuments of Syria, an Historical Guide (London: I.B. Tauris, 1990)
50. Warwick Ball, Syria, a Historical and Architectural Guide (Essex: Scorpion Publishing, 1994).
51. Patrick Seale, Assad of Syria, pp.446-7.
52. Hizb al-Ba'th Al-Arabi al-Ishtiraki, al-Qiyda al-Qawmiyya, Maktab al-Thaqafa wal-I'dad al-Hizbi, al-Qutr al-'Arabi al-Suri, Dirasa 'Amma (Thr Syrian Arab Region, General Study) (Dimashq, 1984), p.5.
53. For al-Bahansawi's remarks, see Tishrin, 20 Sept. 1977.
54. Al-Hayat, 5 Aug. 2001.
55. Tishrin, 20 Sept. 1977.
56. Tishrin, Jan. 2000.
57. Ahmad Da'ud, Tarikh Suriyya al-Qadim - Tashih wa Tahrir (The Ancient History of Syria - Correction and Liberation) (Dimashq: Dar al-Katib al-'Arabi, 1997).
58. Sumar, Damascus, 31 March 1992.
59. Al-Tahwra, 5 July 2000.
60. Al-Thawra, Damascus, 25 Aug. 2000
61. Tishrin, 27 April 1999.
62. Al-Ba'th, Damascus, 11 Sep. 1978.
63. See also Amatzia Baram, 'Territorial Nationalism in the Middle East', Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.26, No.4, pp.425-48.
64. Al-Zaman, London, 15 May 2001.
65. See Sumar, 31 March, 15 Aug. 1992.
66. See Sumar, 31 March 1992.
67. See also Y. Choueiri, 'Two Histories of Syria and the Demise of Syrian Patriotism,' Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.23, No.4 (Oct.1987), pp.497-511.
68. See Radio Damascus, 1 May 2001.
69. Amatzia Baram, 'Territorial Nationalism in the Middle East.'
70. See Mustafa Talas, Suriyya al-Tabi'iyya, Dirasa Geo-Bulitikiyya wa Geo-Tarikhiyya (Physical Syria, a Geopolitical and Geohistoric Study) (Dar Talas lil-Dirasat wal-Tarjama wal-Nashr, 2001) pp.xvii-xxv.