A transient heterochromatic state in Xist preempts X inactivation choice without RNA stabilization

Molecular Cell

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 617-628

  Sun, Bryan K ^a,b   Deaton, Aimée M ^a,b   Lee, Jeannie T ^a,b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLELE; ARTICLE; CHROMATIN; DNA METHYLATION; DOWN REGULATION; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE SILENCING; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; MALE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING; RNA STABILITY; SEX DETERMINATION; UPREGULATION;

ANIMALS; CELL LINE; CHROMATIN; DNA METHYLATION; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HETEROCHROMATIN; MALE; MICE; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); RNA STABILITY; RNA, UNTRANSLATED; SEX FACTORS; UP-REGULATION; X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION;

EID: 33344461310     PISSN: 10972765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.01.028     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. H.L. Ashe, J. Monks, M. Wijgerde, P. Fraser, and N.J. Proudfoot Intergenic transcription and transinduction of the human beta-globin locus Genes Dev. 11 1997 2494 2509
2. C. Beard, E. Li, and R. Jaenisch Loss of methylation activates Xist in somatic but not in embryonic cells Genes Dev. 9 1995 2325 2334
3. N. Brockdorff, A. Ashworth, G.F. Kay, V.M. McCabe, D.P. Norris, P.J. Cooper, S. Swift, and S. Rastan The product of the mouse Xist gene is a 15 kb inactive X-specific transcript containing no conserved ORF and located in the nucleus Cell 71 1992 515 526
4. C.J. Brown, B.D. Hendrich, J.L. Rupert, R.G. Lafreniere, Y. Xing, J. Lawrence, and H.F. Willard The human XIST gene: analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus Cell 71 1992 527 542
5. C.H. Buzin, J.R. Mann, and J. Singer-Sam Quantitative RT-PCR assays show Xist RNA levels are low in mouse female adult tissue, embryos and embryoid bodies Development 120 1994 3529 3536
6. R. Cao, L. Wang, H. Wang, L. Xia, H. Erdjument-Bromage, P. Tempst, R.S. Jones, and Y. Zhang Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in Polycomb-group silencing Science 298 2002 1039 1043
7. T. Chen, Y. Ueda, J.E. Dodge, Z. Wang, and E. Li Establishment and maintenance of genomic methylation patterns in mouse embryonic stem cells by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 2003 5594 5605
8. C.M. Clemson, J.C. Chow, C.J. Brown, and J.B. Lawrence Stabilization and localization of Xist RNA are controlled by separate mechanisms and are not sufficient for X inactivation J. Cell Biol. 142 1998 13 23
9. S.L. Gilbert, J.R. Pehrson, and P.A. Sharp XIST RNA associates with specific regions of the inactive X chromatin J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 36491 36494
10. Y. Goto, M. Gomez, N. Brockdorff, and R. Feil Differential patterns of histone methylation and acetylation distinguish active and repressed alleles at X-linked genes Cytogenet. Genome Res. 99 2002 66 74
11. P.G. Johnston, and B.M. Cattanach Controlling elements in the mouse. IV. Evidence of non-random X-inactivation Genet. Res. 37 1981 151 160
12. G. Lavorgna, D. Dahary, B. Lehner, R. Sorek, C.M. Sanderson, and G. Casari In search of antisense Trends Biochem. Sci. 29 2004 88 94
13. J.T. Lee Homozygous Tsix mutant mice reveal a sex-ratio distortion and revert to random X-inactivation Nat. Genet. 32 2002 195 200
14. J.T. Lee Molecular links between X-inactivation and autosomal imprinting: X-inactivation as a driving force for the evolution of imprinting Curr. Biol. 13 2003 R242 R254
15. J.T. Lee Regulation of X-chromosome counting by Tsix and Xite sequences Science 309 2005 768 771
16. J.T. Lee, and N. Lu Targeted mutagenesis of Tsix leads to nonrandom X inactivation Cell 99 1999 47 57
17. J.T. Lee, L.S. Davidow, and D. Warshawsky Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre Nat. Genet. 21 1999 400 404
18. S. Luikenhuis, A. Wutz, and R. Jaenisch Antisense transcription through the Xist locus mediates Tsix function in embryonic stem cells Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 2001 8512 8520
19. M.F. Lyon Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.) Nature 190 1961 372 373
20. Y. Marahrens, J. Loring, and R. Jaenisch Role of the Xist gene in X chromosome choosing Cell 92 1998 657 664
21. L.E. McDonald, C.A. Paterson, and G.F. Kay Bisulfite genomic sequencing-derived methylation profile of the xist gene throughout early mouse development Genomics 54 1998 379 386
22. C. Morey, D. Arnaud, P. Avner, and P. Clerc Tsix-mediated repression of Xist accumulation is not sufficient for normal random X inactivation Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 2001 1403 1411
23. P. Navarro, S. Pichard, C. Ciaudo, P. Avner, and C. Rougeulle Tsix transcription across the Xist gene alters chromatin conformation without affecting Xist transcription: implications for X-chromosome inactivation Genes Dev. 19 2005 1474 1484
24. T.B. Nesterova, C.M. Johnston, R. Appanah, A.E. Newall, J. Godwin, M. Alexiou, and N. Brockdorff Skewing X chromosome choice by modulating sense transcription across the Xist locus Genes Dev. 17 2003 2177 2190
25. D.P. Norris, D. Patel, G.F. Kay, G.D. Penny, N. Brockdorff, S.A. Sheardown, and S. Rastan Evidence that random and imprinted Xist expression is controlled by preemptive methylation Cell 77 1994 41 51
26. Y. Ogawa, and J.T. Lee Xite, X-inactivation intergenic transcription elements that regulate the probability of choice Mol. Cell 11 2003 731 743
27. M. Okano, D.W. Bell, D.A. Haber, and E. Li DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development Cell 99 1999 247 257
28. B. Panning, J. Dausman, and R. Jaenisch X chromosome inactivation is mediated by Xist RNA stabilization Cell 90 1997 907 916
29. G.D. Penny, G.F. Kay, S.A. Sheardown, S. Rastan, and N. Brockdorff Requirement for Xist in X chromosome inactivation Nature 379 1996 131 137
30. C. Rougeulle, J. Chaumeil, K. Sarma, C.D. Allis, D. Reinberg, P. Avner, and E. Heard Differential histone H3 Lys-9 and Lys-27 methylation profiles on the X chromosome Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 2004 5475 5484
31. T. Sado, T. Tada, and N. Takagi Mosaic methylation of Xist gene before chromosome inactivation in undifferentiated female mouse embryonic stem and embryonic germ cells Dev. Dyn. 205 1996 421 434
32. T. Sado, Z. Wang, H. Sasaki, and E. Li Regulation of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in mice by Tsix Development 128 2001 1275 1286
33. T. Sado, M. Okano, E. Li, and H. Sasaki De novo DNA methylation is dispensable for the initiation and propagation of X chromosome inactivation Development 131 2004 975 982
34. T. Sado, Y. Hoki, and H. Sasaki Tsix silences Xist through nodification of chromatin structure Dev. Cell 9 2005 159 165
35. S.A. Sheardown, S.M. Duthie, C.M. Johnston, A.E. Newall, E.J. Formstone, R.M. Arkell, T.B. Nesterova, G.C. Alghisi, S. Rastan, and N. Brockdorff Stabilization of Xist RNA mediates initiation of X chromosome inactivation Cell 91 1997 99 107
36. J. Shendure, and G.M. Church Computational discovery of sense-antisense transcription in the human and mouse genomes Genome Biol. 3 2002 RESEARCH0044
37. S. Shibata, and J.T. Lee Characterization and quantitation of differential Tsix transcripts: implications for Tsix function Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 2003 125 136
38. S. Shibata, and J.T. Lee Tsix transcription- versus RNA-based mechanisms in Xist repression and epigenetic choice Curr. Biol. 14 2004 1747 1754
39. F. Sleutels, and D.P. Barlow The origins of genomic imprinting in mammals J.C. Dunlap C.-t. Wu Homology Effects 2002 Academic Press San Diego 119 154
40. N. Stavropoulos, N. Lu, and J.T. Lee A functional role for Tsix transcription in blocking Xist RNA accumulation but not in X-chromosome choice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 2001 10232 10237
41. N. Stavropoulos, R.K. Rowntree, and J.T. Lee Identification of developmentally specific enhancers for Tsix in the regulation of X chromosome inactivation Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 2005 2757 2769
42. B.T. Wakimoto, and M.G. Hearn The effects of chromosome rearrangements on the expression of heterochromatic genes in chromosome 2L of Drosophila melanogaster Genetics 125 1990 141 154
43. A. Wutz, and R. Jaenisch A shift from reversible to irreversible X inactivation is triggered during ES cell differentiation Mol. Cell 5 2000 695 705
44. R. Yelin, D. Dahary, R. Sorek, E.Y. Levanon, O. Goldstein, A. Shoshan, A. Diber, S. Siton, Y. Tamir, and R. Khosravi Widespread occurrence of antisense transcription in the human genome Nat. Biotechnol. 21 2003 379 386