Open shells and multi-electron interactions: Core level photoionization of the 3d metal atoms

Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2006, Pages

  Martins, Michael ^a   Godehusen, Kai ^b   Richter, Tobias ^c   Wernet, Philippe ^b   Zimmermann, Peter ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^b HAHN MEITNER INSTITUT   (Germany)

^c TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; ELECTRONS; PHOTOEMISSION;

MULTI-ELECTRON INTERACTIONS; SHELL ATOMS;

SCANDIUM;

EID: 33244496872     PISSN: 09534075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/39/5/R01     Document Type: Review

References (213)

1. Grünberg P, Schreiber R, Pang Y, Brodsky M B and Sowers H 1986 Layered magnetic structures: evidence for antiferromagnetic coupling of Fe layers across Cr interlayers Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 2442
2. Baibich M N, Broto J M, Fert A, Nguyen Van Dau F, Petroff F, Eitenne P, Creuzet G, Friederich A and Chazelas J 1988 Giant magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr magnetic superlattices Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 2472
3. Camley R E and Barnas J 1989 Theory of giant magnetoresistance effects in magnetic layered structures with antiferromagnetic coupling Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 664
4. Binasch G, Grünberg P, Saurenbach F and Zinn W 1989 Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange Phys. Rev. B 39 4828
5. 3 Physica B 155 362-5
6. x ferromagnetic films Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 2331-3
7. Khomskii D I and Sawatzky G A 1997 Interplay between spin, charge and orbital degrees of freedom in magnetic oxides Solid State Commun. 102 87
8. Elfimov I S, Anisimov V I and Sawatzky G A 1999 Orbital ordering, Jahn-Teller distortion and anomalous x-ray scattering in manganates Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4264
9. III edges Phys. Rev. B 62 1033
10. 4 with 0.289 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 Phys. Rev. B 61 R854
11. Goodenough J B 1963 Magnetism and the Chemical Bond (New York: Interscience)
12. Kanomori J 1959 Superexchange interaction and symmetry properties of electron orbitals J. Phys. Chem. Solids 10 87
13. Mannella N, Rosenhahn A, Booth C H, Marchesini S, Mun B S, Yang S-H, Ibrahim K, Tomioka Y and Fadley C S 2004 Direct observation of high-temperature polaronic behavior in colossal magnetoresistive manganites Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 166401
14. Ebert H, Baumgarten L, Schneider C M and Kirschner J 1991 Polarization dependence of the 2p-core-hole photoemission spectra of Fe Phys. Rev. B 44 4406-9
15. Cherepkov N A 1994 Origin of magnetic dichroism in angular-resolved photoemission from ferromagnets Phys. Rev. B 50 13813-6
16. van der Laan G 1995 Angular-resolved linear and circular dichroism in core-level photoemission of metallic systems Phys. Rev. B 51 240-9
17. Taguchi M, Uozume T and Kotani A 1997 Theory of x-ray photoemission and x-ray emission spectra in Mn compounds J. Phys. Soc. Japan. 66 247-56
18. de Groot F M F 1994 X-ray absorption and dichroism of transition metals and their compounds J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 67 529-622
19. de Groot F M F 2005 Multiplet effects in x-ray spectroscopy Coord. Chem. Rev. 249 31-63
20. Bruhn R, Schmidt E, Schröder H and Sonntag B 1982 VUV photoabsorption and photoemission of atomic Cr J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 15 2807-17
21. Bruhn R, Schmidt E, Schröder H and Sonntag B 1982 Resonant satellite photoemission of atomic Cu J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 15 L441-4
22. Schmidt E, Schröder H, Sonntag B, Voss H and Wetzel H E 1983 Resonant vacuum ultraviolet photoemission of atomic Fe, Co and Ni J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 16 2961-9
23. 2,3-shell Auger and autoionization spectra of free Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu atoms J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 17 707-18
24. Krause M O, Carlson T A and Fahlman A 1984 Photoelectron spectrometry of manganese vapor between 12 and 110 eV Phys. Rev. A 30 1316-24
25. Garvin L J, Brown E R, Carter S L and Kelly H P 1983 Calculation of photoionisation cross sections, resonance structure and angular distribution for Mn I by many-body pertubation theory J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 16 L269-74
26. Whitfield S B, Krause M O, van der Meulen P and Caldwell C D 1994 High-resolution photoelectron spectrometry of atomic manganese from the region of the 3p → 3d giant resonance to 120 eV Phys. Rev. A 50 1269-86
27. Verweyen A, Wernet Ph, Glatzel P, Sonntag B, Gerth Ch, Godehusen K and Zimmermann P 2000 Resonant 3p photoelectron spectroscopy of free Cu atoms J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 1563-73
28. Whitfield S B, Wehlitz R and Martins M 2004 Experimental and theoretical studies of metal vapor atoms Rad. Phys. Chem. 70 3-42
29. Whitfield S B, Caspary K, Myers T, Bjelland M, Wehlitz R, Jimenez-Mier J, Olalde-Velasco P and Krause M O 2005 Valence satellite photoionization of atomic scandium in the region of the 3p-3d giant resonance J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 3273-87
30. Godehusen K, Wernet Ph, Richter T, Zimmermann P and Martins M 2003 Multiplet resolved determination of the β-parameter for atomic Mn and Cr: a benchmark test for core-electron photoionization theories Phys. Rev. A 68 052707
31. Wernet Ph, Schulz J, Sonntag B, Godehusen K, Zimmermann P, Grum-Grzhimailo A N, Kabachnik N M and Martins M 2001 2p photoelectron and linear magnetic and alignment dichroism spectra of atomic Cr Phys. Rev. A 64 042707
32. Wernet Ph, Schulz J, Sonntag B, Godehusen K, Zimmermann P, Martins M, Bethke C and Hillebrecht F U 2000 Core-valance interaction in the linear dichroism of Cr 2p photoelectron spectra Phys. Rev. B 62 14331-6
33. Prümper G, Kröger S, Müller R, Martins M, Viefhaus J, Zimmermann P and Becker U 2003 Magnetic circular dichroism in the ion yield of polarized chromium atom at the 2p-edge Phys. Rev. A 68 032710
34. von dem Borne A, Dohrmann T, Verweyen A, Sonntag B, Godehusen K and Zimmermann P 1997 Dichroism in the 3p photoionization of polarized Cr atoms Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 4019-21
35. Dohrmann Th, von dem Borne A, Verweyen A, Sonntag B, Wedowski M, Godehusen K and Zimmermann P 1996 Linear dichroism in the core-resonant photoelectron spectra of laser-aligned Cr atoms J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 5699-710
36. von dem Borne A, Dohrmann Th, Verweyen A, Sonntag B, Godehusen K, Zimmermann P and Kabachnik N M 1998 Linear dichroism in photo-induced Auger electron emission from aligned Cr atoms J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 L41-8
37. Godehusen K, Richter T, Zimmermann P and Martins M 2002 On the 2p photoionization of atomic Ni-a comparison with Ni metal and NiO photoionization Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 217601
38. 2 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 023002
39. Cowan R D 1981 The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press)
40. Rost J M, Schulz K, Domke M and Kaindl G 1997 Resonance parameters of photo doubly excited helium J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 4663-94
41. Püttner R, Domke M, Grémaud B, Martins M, Schlachter A S and Kaindl G 1999 New interseries interferences in doubly-excited helium J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 101-103 27-32
42. Püttner R, Grémaud B, Delande D, Domke M, Martins M, Schlachter A S and Kaindl G 2001 Statistical properties of inter-series mixing in helium: from integrability to chaos Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 3747-50
43. Schmidt V 1992 Photoionization of atoms using synchrotron radiation Rep. Prog. Phys. 55 1483-659
44. Schmidt Volker 1997 Electron Spectrometry of Atoms using Synchrotron Radiation (Cambridge Monographs on Atomic, Molecular and Chemical Physics no 6) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
45. Amusia M Ya and Chernysheva L V 1997 Computation of Atomic Processes (Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing)
46. Froese-Fischer C, Brage T and Jönsson P 1997 Computational Atomic Structure (Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing)
47. Boyle J J, Altun Z and Kelly H P 1993 Photoionization cross-section calculation of atomic tungsten Phys. Rev. A 47 4811
48. Blume M and Watson R 1962 Theory of spin-orbit coupling in atoms. I. Derivation of the spin-orbit coupling constant Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 270 127
49. Blume M and Watson R 1963 Theory of spin-orbit coupling in atoms. II. Comparison of theory with experiment Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 271 565
50. Slater J C 1929 The theory of complex spectra Phys. Rev. 34 1293
51. Condon E U and Shortley G H 1970 The Theory of Atomic Spectra (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
52. Armen G B, Aksela H, Aberg T and Aksela S 2000 The resonant Auger effect J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 R49-92
53. Snell G, Martins M, Kukk E, Cheng W T and Berrah N 2001 High resolution electron spectroscopy of a strongly correlated system: atomic barium Phys. Rev. A 63 062715
54. Nienhaus J, Zatsarinny O I and Mehlhorn W 2000 Experimental and theoretical Auger and autoionization spectra for electron impact on laser-excited Ba atoms Phys. Essays 13 307-24
55. Matila T and Aksela H 2000 Effects of electron correlation on the level width, the photoelectron, Auger electron and ion-yield spectra above the 4d threshold of Ba J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 653-65
56. Becker U and Shirley D A 1996 Partial cross sections and angular distributions VUV and Soft x-ray Photoionization (New York: Plenum) p 135
57. Prümper G et al 2000 Sudden interchannel interaction in the Tl 6p ionization above the 5d threshold Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 5074
58. N configurations Phys. Rev. 132 280-90
59. N-type configurations Phys. Rev. 134 A596-A600
60. Bartschat K (ed) 1996 Computational Atomic Physics (Berlin/New York: Springer/Heidelberg)
61. Chen M H, Crasemann B and Mark H 1981 Widths and fluorescence yields of atomic L-shell vacancy states Phys. Rev. A 24 177-82
62. Fano U 1961 Effects of configuration interaction on intensities and phase shifts Phys. Rev. 124 1866
63. Mies F H 1968 Configuration interaction theory. Effects of overlapping resonances Phys. Rev. 175 164
64. Davis L C and Feldkamp L A 1977 Interaction of many discrete states with many continua Phys. Rev. B 15 2961-9
65. 2,3 spectrum of atomic Mn Phys. Rev. A 17 2012-22
66. Altun Z and Manson S T 1999 Inner-shell photoexcitation of atoms and their ions: neutral and doubly ionized Sc J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 L255-60
67. Altun Z and Manson S T 1999 Photoionization of atomic scandium in the ground state: total cross sections and 3p → 3d resonances Phys. Rev. A 59 3576-83
68. Altun Z and Manson S T 2000 Photoelectron angular distribution of ns subshells of open-shell atoms as indicators of interchannel coupling: Sc 4s photoionization Phys. Rev. A 61 030702
69. Sladeczek P, Feist H, Feldt M, Martins M and Zimmermann P 1995 Photoionization experiments with an atomic beam of tungsten in the region of the 5p and 4f excitation Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1483
70. Martins M, Sladeczek P, Tiedtke K and Zimmermann P 1998 Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of the 5d elements in the region of the 5p and 4f excitation Eur. Phys. J. D 1 47
71. Köble U, Costello J T, Mosnier J P, Kennedy E T and Martins M 1995 XUV photoabsorption of laser generated Au vapor J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 28 181-90
72. Martins M, Sladeczek P and Zimmermann P 1996 Photoion spectra of atomic Au in the region of the 5p excitation J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 L745
73. Martins M, Sladeczek P, Tiedtke K and Zimmermann P 1997 Photoion spectroscopy of atomic tantalum and rhenium in the region of the 5p and 4f excitation Phys. Rev. A 56 1329
74. Martins M, Sladeczek P, Tiedtke K and Zimmerman P 1997 Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization study of atomic Ir in the region of the 5p and 4f excitation Phys. Rev. A 55 R8
75. Martins M 2001 Photoionisation of open-shell atoms: the chlorine 2p excitation J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 1321-35
76. Burke P G, Hibbert A and Robb W D 1971 Electron scattering by complex atoms J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 4 153-61
77. Seaton M J 1987 Atomic data for opacity calculations: I. General description J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 20 6363-78
78. Berrington K A, Burke P G, Butler K, Seaton M J, Storey P J, Taylor K T and Yan Y 1987 Atomic data for opacity calculations: II. Computational methods J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 20 6379-97
79. Hummer D G, Berrington K A, Eissner W, Pradhan A K, Saraph H E and Tully J A 1993 Atomic data from the IRON project. I: goals and methods Astron. Astrophys. 279 298-309
80. Nahar S N and Pradhan A K 1994 Atomic data for opacity calculations: XX. Photoionization cross sections and oscillator strengths for Fe II J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27 429-46
81. Bautista M A 1997 Atomic data from the iron project: XX. Photoionization cross sections and oscillator strengths for Fe I Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 122 167-76
82. Bautista M A 1999 Atomic data from the iron project: XIX. Photoionization cross sections and oscillator strengths for Ni II Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 137 529-35
83. Donnelly D, Bell K L and Hibbert A 1998 Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculation of the 3p photoabsorption of singly ionized manganese J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 L971-6
84. Donnelly D, Bell K L and Hibbert A 1997 Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculation of the 3p photoabsorption of singly ionized chromium J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 L285-91
85. Donnelly D, Bell K L and Hibbert A 1996 The 3p-photoabsorption of chromium J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 L693-L697
86. Donnelly D, Bell K L and Hibbert A 1996 3p photoabsorption of manganese II Phys. Rev. A 54 974-6
87. Berrington K A and Ballance C 2001 Double ionization yields from the photoionization of Fe II and Fe I J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 L383-90
88. x ground state Fe ions J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 2697-705
89. Bautista M A 2000 Photoionization of Fe XV from threshold to the K-shell J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 L419-26
90. 3+ recombination cross section Phys. Rev. A 56 4742-645
91. Wöste G, Wunner G, Noble C J, Sunderland A G, Burke V M and Burke P G 2002 Electron-impact excitation of the iron peak element Fe V J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 4847-61
92. Sonntag B and Zimmermann P 1992 XUV spectroscopy of metal atoms Rep. Prog. Phys. 55 911-87
93. Thompson A C and Vaughan D (ed) 2001 X-Ray Data Booklet (Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)
94. Elder F R, Gurewitsch A M, Langmuir R V and Pollock H C 1947 Radiation from electrons in a synchrotron Phys. Rev. 71 829
95. Elder F R, Langmuir R V and Pollock H C 1948 Radiation from electrons accelerated in a synchrotron Phys. Rev. 74 52
96. Schwinger J 1949 On the classical radiation of accelerated electrons Phys. Rev. 75 1912-25
97. Madden R P and Codling K 1963 New autoionizing atomic energy levels in He, Ne, and Ar Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 516-8
98. Wille K 1991 Synchrotron radiation sources Rep. Prog. Phys. 54 1005-68
99. Ross K J and Sonntag B 1995 High temperature metal atom beam sources Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66 4409-33
100. Kennedy E T, Costello J T, Mosnier J-P and van Kamp P 2004 VUV/EUV ionising radiation and atoms and ions: dual laser plasma investigations Rad. Phys. Chem. 70 291-321
101. ++ sequence Phys. Rev. Lett. 47 1124-8
102. + isoelectronic pair: reasons for the unique structure observed in Cr Phys. Rev. A 39 6074-7
103. + Phys. Rev. A 43 1441
104. Costello J T, Kennedy E T, Sonntag B F and Cromer C L 1991 XUV photoabsorption of laser-generated W and Pt vapours J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 24 5063-9
105. + ions in a laser produced plasma J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 L583-91
106. + in the region of the 2p-subshell excitation J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 677-88
107. Kanngieβer B et al 2000 Simultaneous determination of radiative and nonradiative decay channels in the neon K shell Phys. Rev. A 62 014702
108. Pahler M et al 1992 Angle-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy of laser-aligned atoms: Li Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 2285-8
109. Rubensson J-E, Såthe C, Cramm S, Kessler B, Stranges S, Richter R, Alagia M and Coreno M 1999 Influence of the radiative decay in the cross section for double excitations in helium Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 947-50
110. Gorczyca T W, Rubensson J-E, Såthe C, Ström M, Agåker M, Ding D, Stranges S, Richter R and Alagia M 2000 Radiative and relativistic effects in the decay of highly excited states in helium Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 1202-5
111. Hüfner S 1995 Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences vol 82) (Berlin/New York: Springer/Heidelberg)
112. Yang C N 1948 On the angular distribution in nuclear reactions and coincidence measurements Phys. Rev. 74 764
113. Cooper J W 1990 Multipole corrections to the angular distribution of photoelectrons at low energies Phys. Rev. A 42 6942-5
114. Amusia M Ya, Baltenkov A S, Chernysheva L V, Felfli Z and Msezane A Z 2001 Nondipole parameters in angular distributions of electrons in photoionization of noble-gas atoms Phys. Rev. A 63 052506
115. Grum-Grzhimailo A N 2001 Non-dipole effects in magnetic dichroism in atomic photoionization J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 L359-65
116. Hemmers O, Whitfield S B, Glans P, Wang H, Lindle D W, Wehlitz R and Sellin I A 1998 High-resolution electron time-of-flight apparatus for the soft x-ray region Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 3809
117. Bizau J M, Cubaynes D, Richter M, Wuilleumier F J, Obert J, Putaux J C, Morgan T J, Källne E, Sorensen S and Damany A 1991 First observation of photoelectron spectra emitted in the photoionization of a singly charged-ion beam with synchrotron radiation Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 576
118. Gottwald A, Gerth Ch and Richter M 1999 4d photoionization of free singly charged xenon ions Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2068
119. Bizau J-M et al 2000 Photoionization of highly charged ions using an ECR ion source and undulator radiation Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 435-8
120. + ions: experiment and theory Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 243002
121. + ions from the 3p to the 3s threshold J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 4457-65
122. + ions from 15.8 to 180 eV J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 3655-68
123. West J B 2001 Photoionization of atomic ions J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 R45-R91
124. -: experiment and theory Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 253002
125. - J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 L353-7
126. -1: experiment and theory Phys. Rev. A 67 030703
127. Phaneuf R A, Havener C C, Dunn G H and Müller A 1999 Merged-beams experiments in atomic and molecular physics Rep. Prog. Phys. 62 1143-80
128. Wuilleumier F J and West J B 1996 Photoionization of excited and ionized systems VUV and Soft X-ray Photoionization (New York: Plenum) p 561
129. West J B 2004 Photoionisation cross sections of atomic ions Rad. Phys. Chem. 70 275-89
130. Connerade J P, Martin M A P and Mansfield M W D 1976 Observation of a giant resonance in the 3p absorption spectrum of Mn I Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 350 405-17
131. Mansfield M W D 1977 Excitation of the 3p-subshell in chromium vapour Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 358 253-65
132. Bruhn R, Sonntag B and Wolff H W 1979 3p excitation of atomic and metallic Fe, Co Ni and Cu J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 12 203-12
133. Meyer M, Prescher Th, von Raven E, Richter M, Schmidt E, Sonntag B and Wetzel H-E 1986 Decay channels of core excitation resonances in 3d and 4f metal atoms Z. Phys. D 2 347-62
134. Schmidt M 1986 Einfach- und Doppelionisation an den 3d- Übergangselementen im Bereich der 3p Anregung PhD Thesis Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin
135. Whitfield S B, Kehoe K, Wehlitz R, Krause M O and Caldwell C D 2001 Photoelectron spectrometry of atomic scandium in the region of the 3p → 3d giant resonance Phys. Rev. A 64 022701
136. Godehusen K, Martins M and Zimmermann P 2000 unpublished data
137. Richter T, Godehusen K and Zimmermann P 2002 unpublished data
138. Godehusen K, Richter T, Zimmermann P and Martins M 2003 Ion charge resolved 3p photoabsorption measurements of atomic Cr J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36 L387
139. Feist H, Feldt M, Gerth Ch, Martins M, Sladeczek P and Zimmermann P 1996 3p-photoionization resonances of atomic Fe, Co, and Ni studied by the observation of singly and doubly charged photoions Phys. Rev. A 53 760
140. Martins M 2002 On the 3p → 3d photo excitation of atomic scandium J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 L223
141. Martins M 2005 unpublished data
142. 9 atoms Phys. Rev. A 60 R737-40
143. + ion J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27 L281-5
144. Dolmatov V K 1993 The case of a unique autoionization decay dynamic: the 3p → nd resonances in Cr J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26 L393-8
145. + J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 999-1001
146. Dolmatov V K and Manson S T 1997 'Masking' effects in the photoelectron beta-parameter spectrum J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 L517-21
147. Connerade J P and Dolmatov V K 1997 Overlapping resonances in the β-parameter spectrum J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 L181-7
148. 2+ J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 L687-92
149. Connerade J P and Dolmatov V K 1996 Inner-shell 3p → 4s and 3p → 3d resonances in the photoionization of excited manganese J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 L831-5
150. + and Re J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 L307-12
151. Amusia M Ya and Dolmatov V K 1993 Photoionization of inner ns electrons in semi-filled shell atoms (3s electrons in a Mn atom) J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26 1425-33
152. Dolmatov V K 1993 Singularity of Cr: nd orbital (anti-)collapse J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26 L585-8
153. + J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26 L79-84
154. +* J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 25 L629-34
155. Robicheaux F and Greene C H 1993 Photoionization of the scandium atom: I. General features Phys. Rev. A 48 4429-40
156. Robicheaux F and Greene C H 1993 Photoionization of the scandium atom: II. Classifications Phys. Rev. A 48 4441-9
157. Armstrong D J and Robicheaux F 1993 Photoionization of the scandium atom: III. Experimental and theoretical spectra from an excited state Phys. Rev. A 48 4450-60
158. Altun Z and Manson S T 1996 Photoionization of atomic scandium in the 3p → 3d resonance region Europhys. Lett. 33 17
159. Whitfield S B, Myers T, Bjelland M, Wehlitz R, Jimenéz-Mier J, Olalda-Velasco P and Krause M O 2002 Angular distributions of the atomic scandium 3d and 4s photoelectrons in the region of the 3p → 3d giant resonance Phys. Rev. A 66 060701
160. 3+ : an application of detailed balance in a unique atomic system Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 193002
161. 2+ ions by synchrotron radiation: measurements and absolute cross sections in the photon energy range 23-68 eV Phys. Rev. A 67 032702
162. Dyke J M, Gravenor B W J, Hastings M P, Josland G D and Morris A 1985 Gas phase high temperature photoelectron spectroscopy: an investigation of the transition metals scandium and vanadium J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 35 65-75
163. Dohrmann Th, von dem Borne A, Verweyen A, Sonntag B, Wedowski M, Godehusen K, Zimmermann P and Dolmatov V 1996 Resonant inner-shell photoelectron spectra of ground-state and laser-excited Cr atoms J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 4641-58
164. + in the 3p excitation region J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36 L327-33
165. Slater J C 1974 The Self-Consistent Field for Molecules and Solids (New York: McGraw-Hill)
166. Dohrmann Th and Sonntag B 1996 VUV-photoionization of laser-excited atoms J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 79 263-8
167. + J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 L673-6
168. 2+ ions J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 5077-90
169. Whitfield S B, Wehlitz R, Krause M O and Caldwell C D 2002 Analysis of the atomic Fe 3d and 4s partial cross sections in the region of the 3p → 3d giant resonance Surf. Rev. Lett. 9 1229
170. Arp U, Federmann F, Kallne E, Sonntag B and Sorensen S L 1992 Absorption resonances in the 2p threshold of manganese atoms J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 25 3747-55
171. Arp U, Iemura K, Kutluk G, Meyer M, Nagata T, Sacchi M, Sonntag B, Yagi S and Yagishita A 1994 2p absorption spectra of atomic copper using the soft x-ray absorption and total photoion yield methods J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27 3389-98
172. Arp U, Iemura K, Kutluk G, Nagata T, Yagi S and Yagishita A 1995 Total photoion yield of atomic chromium at the 2p threshold J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 28 225-32
173. Arp U 1993 Absorptionsspektroskopie an Atomen der Metalle Ca, Cr, Mn und Cu PhD Thesis Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
174. Obst B, Richter T, Martins M and Zimmermann P 2001 Photoionisation of atomic scandium in the region of the 2p resonances J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 L657-61
175. Godehusen K, Richter T, Martins M and Zimmermann P 2001 unpublished data
176. Martins M, Godehusen K, Richter T and Zimmermann P 2003 2p photoionization of atomic cobalt and nickel X-Ray and Inner-Shell Processes (AIP Conf. Proc. vol 652) (New York: AIP) pp 153-8
177. Fink J, Müller-Heinzerling Th, Scheerer B, Speier W, Hillebrecht F U, Fuggle J C, Zaanen J and Sawatzky G A 1985 2p photoabsorption of the 3d elements Phys. Rev. B 32 4899-904
178. de Groot F M F, Fuggle J C, Thole B T and Sawatzky G A 1990 2p X-ray absorption of 3d transition-metal compounds: an atomic multiplet description including the crystal field Phys. Rev. B 42 5459-68
179. de Groot F M F 1993 X-ray absorption of transition metal oxides: an overview of the theoretical approaches J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 62 111-30
180. de Groot F M F and van der Laan G 1997 Collected works of Theo Thole: the spectroscopy papers J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1-3 25-40
181. de Groot F M F 2001 High resolution x-ray emission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy Chem. Rev. 101 1779-808
182. Thole B T and van der Laan G 1991 Spin polarization and magnetic dichroism in photoemission from core and valence states in localized magnetic systems Phys. Rev. B 44 12424-39
183. Thole B T and van der Laan G 1993 Sum rules for magnetic dichroism in rare earth 4f photoemission Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 2499
184. van der Laan G and Kirkman I W 1992 The 2p absorption spectra of 3d transition metal compounds in tetrahedral and octahedral symmetry J. Phys: Condens. Matter 4 4189-204
185. Richter T, Obst B, Martins M and Zimmermann P 2003 The decay of the 2p resonances of atomic scandium studied by photoelectron spectroscopy J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36 155-62
186. van der Laan G, Surman M, Hoyland M A, Flipse C F J, Thole B T, Seino Y, Ogasawara H and Kotani A 1992 Resonant photoemission at the Ni 2p core level as a probe of electron correlation effects in nickel Phys. Rev. B 46 9336-40
187. Okada K and Kotani A 1992 Interatomic and intra-atomic configuration interactions in core-level x-ray photoemission spectra of late transition-metal compounds J. Phys. Soc. Japan. 61 4619-37
188. van der Laan G, Dhesi S S and Dudzik E 2000 On-site Coulomb interaction and exchange splitting in Ni 2p photoemission of ferromagnetic nickel Phys. Rev. B 61 12277-84
189. Zdansky E O F, Nilsson A, Tillborg H, Björneholm O, Mårtensson N, Andersen J N and Nyholm R 1993 Electronic structure of atomic adsorbates from x-ray-absorption spectroscopy: threshold effects and higher excited states Phys. Rev. B 48 2632-41
190. Malutski R, Banna M S, Braun W and Schmidt V 1985 3p photoionisation in atomic manganese: 3p down arrow angular distribution J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 18 1735-42
191. Hermsmeier B, Fadley C S, Krause M O, Jimenéz-Mier J, Gerard P and Manson S T 1988 Direct evidence from gas-phase atomic spectra for an unscreened intra-atomic origin of outer-core multiplet splittings in solid manganese compounds Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 2592-5
192. Jimenéz-Mier J, Krause M O, Gerard P, Hermsmeier B and Fadley C S 1989 Partial and total cross section and multiplet structure in the photoionization of atomic manganese Phys. Rev. A 40 3712-20
193. von dem Borne A et al 2000 Suppression of the low-spin multiplet components in the 3p photoelectron spectra of atomic and solid 3d metals Phys. Rev. A 62 052703
194. Gerth Ch, Tiedtke K, Martins M, Obst B, Zimmermann P, Glatzel P, Verweyen A, Wernet Ph and Sonntag B 1998 Valence satellite and 3p photoelectron spectra of atomic Fe and Cu J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 2539-47
195. Tiedtke K, Gerth Ch, Martins M and Zimmermann P 2001 Term-dependent lifetime broadening in the 3p photoelectron spectra of atomic Fe and Co Phys. Rev. A 64 022705
196. Tiedtke K, Gerth Ch, Kanngieβer B, Obst B, Zimmermann P, Martins M and Tutay A 1999 Multiplet effects on the shape of the 3p photoelectron spectrum of atomic Ni Phys. Rev. A 63 3008-12
197. Tiedtke K, Gerth Ch, Martins M, Obst B and Zimmermann P 2000 The multiplet structure of the 3p photoelectron spectrum of atomic Sc J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 L755-60
198. Wernet Ph, Sonntag B, Martins M, Glatzel P, Obst B and Zimmermann P 2001 Multiplet splitting and valence shell recoupling in the core-level 2p photoelectron spectrum of atomic Mn and of Mn compounds Phys. Rev. A 63 050702
199. Martins M, Godehusen K, Richter T, Wolff T and Zimmermann P 2004 2p photoelectron spectroscopy of the late 3d transition metal atoms J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 137 345
200. Bagus P S, Broer R, de Jong W A, Nieuwpoort W C, Parmigiani F and Sangaletti L 2001 Reply: Bagus et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 3693
201. McGuire E 1974 Multiplet effects on the widths of photoelectron peaks Phys. Rev. A 10 32-50
202. Ogasawara H, Kotani A and Thole B T 1994 Lifetime effect on the multiplet structure of 4d x-ray-photoemission spectra in heavy rare-earth elements Phys. Rev. B 50 12332-41
203. 2 Phys. Rev. B 47 6203-6
204. Schmidt V 1985 Photoionization of free metal atoms using synchrotron radiation Comment. At. Mol. Phys. 17 1-14
205. 3 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 66 3153-8
206. Wernet P 2000 Magnetischer Dichroismus in der Cr 2p-Photoionisation PhD Thesis Universität Hamburg
207. See A K and Klebanoff L E 1995 Nature of extra-atomic core-hole screening in ferromagnetic nickel Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 1454
208. von dem Borne A 1997 Magnetischer Dichroismus in der 3p-Photoionisation Laser Polarisierter Cr-Atome PhD Thesis Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
209. Hermsmeier B D, Fadley C S, Sinkovic B, Krause M O, Jimenéz-Mier J, Carlson T A, Gerard P, Manson S T and Bhattacharya S K 1993 Energy dependence of the outer core-level multiplet structures in atomic Mn and Mn-containing compounds Phys. Rev. B 48 12425
210. Bagus P S, Broer R and Ilton E S 2004 A new near degeneracy effect for photoemission in transition metals Chem. Phys. Lett. 394 150
211. Richter T, Godehusen K and Zimmermann P 2003 unpublished data
212. Fadley C S, Shirley D A, Freeman A J, Bagus P S and Mallow J V 1969 Multiplet splitting of core-electron binding energies in transition-metal ions Phys. Rev. Lett. 23 1397-401
213. Bagus P S, Freeman A J and Sasaki F 1973 Prediction of new multiplet structure in photoemission experiments Phys. Rev. Lett. 30 850-3