A composite model for estimation of polarimetric thermal emission from foam-covered wind-driven ocean surface

Progress in Electromagnetics Research

Volumn 37, Issue , 2002, Pages 143-149

  Zhang, Y ^a   Yang, Y E ^a   Kong, J A ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BISTATIC SCATTERING; EMPIRICAL EXPRESSION; ITERATIVE TECHNIQUE; RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATIONS; RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY; RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED; ROUGH SURFACE SCATTERING; SMALL PERTURBATION METHOD;

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE SCATTERING; POLARIMETERS; RADIATIVE TRANSFER;

FOAMS;

EID: 33244466009     PISSN: 10704698     EISSN: 15598985     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2528/PIER02040800     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Yueh, S. H., R. Kwok, F. K. Li, S. V. Nghiem, and W. J. Wilson, Polarimetric passive remote sensing of ocean wind vectors, Radio Sci., Vol. 29, No. 4, 799-814, July-Aug. 1994.
2. Yueh, S. H., S. V. Nghiem, R. Kwok, W. J. Wilson, F. K. Li, J. T. Johnson, and J. A. Kong, Polarimetric thermal emission from periodic water surface, Radio Sci., Vol. 29, No. 1, 87-96, Jan.-Feb. 1994.
3. Johnson, J. T., J. A. Kong, R. T. Shin, D. H. Staelin, K. O'Neill, and A. W. Lananick, Third Stokes parameter emission from a periodic water surface, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 31, No. 5, 1066-1080, Sept. 1993.
4. Johnson, J. T., J. A. Kong, R. T. Shin, S. H. Yueh, S. V. Nghiem, and R. Kwok, Polarimetric thermal emission from rough ocean surfaces, J. Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 8, No. 1, 43-59, 1994.
5. Williams, G. F., Microwave radiometry of the ocean and the possibility of marine wind velocity determination from satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 74, No. 18, 4591-4594, Aug. 1969.
6. Williams, G. F., Microwave emissivity measurements of bubbles and foam, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., GE-9, No. 4, 221-224, Oct. 1971.
7. Smith, P. M., The emissivity of sea foam at 19 and 37 GHz, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 26, No. 5, 541-547, Sept. 1988.
8. Stogryn, A., The emissivity of sea foam at microwave frequencies, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 77, No. 9, 1658-1666, Mar. 1972.
9. Pandey, P. C. and R. K. Kakar, An empirical microwave emissivity model for a foam-covered sea, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., OE-7, No. 3, 135-140, July 1982.
10. Droppleman, J. D., Apparent microwave emissivity of sea foam, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 75, No. 3, 696-698, Jan. 1970.
11. Rosenkranz, P. W., and D. H. Staelin, Microwave emissivity of ocean foam and its effect on nadiral radiometric measurements, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 77, No. 33, 6528-6538, Nov. 1972.
12. Huang, X. Z. and Y. Q. Jin, Scattering and emission from two-scale randomly rough sea surface with foam scatterers, IEE Proc. H (Microwaves, Antennas and Propagat.), Vol. 142, No. 2, 109-114, Apr. 1995.
13. Manahan, E. C. and G. MacNiocaill, Oceanic Whitecaps and Their Role in Air-Sea Exchange Processes, D. Reidel Pub. Co., Boston, 1986.
14. Yueh, S. H., W. J. Wilson, F. K. Li, S. V. Nghiem, and W. B. Ricketts, Polarimetric measurements of sea surface brightness temperatures using an aircraft K-band radiometer, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing., Vol. 33, No. 1, 85-92, Jan. 1995.
15. Tsang, L., J. A. Kong, and R. T. Shin, Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing, Wiley, New York, 1985.
16. Shin, R. T. and J. A. Kong, Radiative transfer theory for active remote sensing of two-layer random medium, Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER 1), J. A. Kong (Ed.), Elsevier Science, New York, 1989.
17. Durden, S. P. and J. F. Vesecky, A physical radar cross-section model for a wind-driven sea with swell, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., OE-10, 445-457, Oct. 1985.
18. Yueh, S. H., Modeling of wind direction signals in polarimetric sea surface brightness temperature, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing., Vol. 35, No. 6, 1400-1418, Nov. 1997.
19. Liebe, H. J., MPM-an atmospheric millimeter-wave propagation model, Int'l J. Infr. Millimeter Waves., Vol. 10, No. 6, 631-650, June 1989.
20. Hunt, G. E., A review of computational techniques for analyzing the transfer of radiation through a model cloudy atmosphere, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer., Vol. 11, No. 6, 655-690, June 1971.
21. Brussaard, G. and P. A. Watson, Atmospheric Modeling and Millimeter Wave Propagation, Chapman & Hall, 1995.
22. Yeang, C. P., S. H. Yueh, K. H. Ding, and J. A. Kong, Atmospheric effect on microwave polarimetric passive remote sensing of ocean surfaces, Radio Sci., Vol. 34, No. 2, 521-537, Mar.-April 1999.
23. U.S. Standard Atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States Air Force, 1976.
24. Liebe, H. J., An updated model for millimeter wave propagation in moist air, Radio Sci., Vol. 20, No. 5, 1069-1089, Sept-Oct. 1985.
25. Chan, H. L. and A. K. Fung, A theory of sea scatter at large incident angles, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 82, No. 24, 3439-3444, Aug. 1977.
26. Cox, C. S. and W. H. Munk, Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the sun glitter, J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol. 44, No. 11, 838-850, 1954.
27. Aragón, S. R. and M. Elwenspoek, Mie scattering from thin spherical bubbles, J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 77, No. 7, 3406-3413, Oct. 1982.