Mesoscale aspects of the downshear reformation of a tropical cyclone

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 341-354

  Molinari, John ^a   Dodge, Peter ^b   Vollaro, David ^a   Corbosiero, Kristen L ^a   Marks Jr , Frank ^b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; LIGHTNING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; METEOROLOGY; TROPOSPHERE; VORTEX FLOW; WIND;

DOWNSHEAR REFORMATION; MESOSCALE ASPECTS; TROPICAL CYCLONE;

STORMS;

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; LIGHTNING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; METEOROLOGY; STORMS; TROPOSPHERE; VORTEX FLOW; WIND;

TROPICAL CYCLONE;

EID: 33244455941     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS3591.1     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Baker, M. B., A. M. Blyth, H. J. Christian, J. Latham, K. Miller, and A. M. Gadian, 1999: Relationships between lightning activity and various thundercloud parameters: Satellite and modelling studies. Atmos. Res., 51, 221-236.
2. Black, M. L., J. F. Gamache, F. D. Marks, C. E. Samsury, and H. E. Willoughby, 2002: Eastern Pacific Hurricanes Jimena of 1991 and Olivia of 1994: The effects of vertical shear on structure and intensity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2291-2312.
3. Black, R. A., and J. Hallett, 1999: Electrification of the hurricane. J. Atmos. Sci, 56, 2004-2028.
4. Bosart, L. F., and J. A. Bartlo, 1991: Tropical storm formation in a baroclinic environment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1979-2013.
5. Bosart, L. F., C. S. Velden, W. E. Bracken, J. Molinari, and P. G. Black, 2000: Environmental influences on the rapid intensification of Hurricane Opal (1995) over the Gulf of Mexico. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 322-352.
6. Bracken, W. E., and L. F. Bosart, 2000: The role of synoptic-scale flow during tropical cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 353-376.
7. Braun, S. A., 2002: A cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bob (1991): Storm structure and eyewall buoyancy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1573-1592.
8. Cecil, D. J., and E. J. Zipser, 2002: Reflectivity, ice scattering, and lightning characteristics of hurricane eyewalls and rainbands. Part II: Intercomparison of observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 785-801.
9. Corbosiero, K. L., and J. Molinari, 2002: The effects of vertical wind shear on the distribution of convection in tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2110-2123.
10. Corbosiero, K. L., and J. Molinari, 2003: The relationship between storm motion, vertical wind shear, and convective asymmetries in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 366-376.
11. Crum, T. D., R. L. Alberty, and D. W. Burgess, 1993: Recording, archiving, and using WSR-88D data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 645-653.
12. Cummins, K. L., M. J. Murphy, E. A. Bardo, W. L. Hiscox, R. B. Pyle, and A. E. Pifer, 1998: A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9035-9044.
13. Davis, C. A., and L. F. Bosart, 2001: Numerical simulations of the genesis of Hurricane Diana (1984). Part I: Control simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1859-1881.
14. Davis, C. A., and L. F. Bosart 2002: Numerical simulations of the genesis of Hurricane Diana (1984). Part II: Sensitivity of track and intensity prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1100-1124.
15. Davis, C. A., and L. F. Bosart, 2003: Baroclinically induced tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2730-2747.
16. DeMaria, M., 1996: The effect of vertical shear on tropical cyclone intensity change. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2076-2087.
17. DeMaria, M., and J. Kaplan, 1994: A statistical hurricane intensity predictions scheme (SHIPS) for the Atlantic Basin. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 209-220.
18. DeMaria, M., M. Mainelli, L. K. Shay, J. A. Knaff, and J. Kaplan, 2005: Further improvements in the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS). Wea. Forecasting, 20, 531-543.
19. Eastin, M. D., P. G. Black, and W. M. Gray, 2002: Flight-level thermodynamic instrument wetting errors in hurricanes. Part I: Observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 825-841.
20. Emanuel, K. A., 1989: The finite-amplitude nature of tropical cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci, 46, 3431-3456.
21. Emanuel, K. A., 1997: Some aspects of inner-core dynamics and energetics. J. Atmos. Sci, 54, 1014-1026.
22. Emanuel, K. A., C. DesAutels, C. Holloway, and R. Korte, 2004: Environmental control of tropical cyclone intensity. J. Atmos. Sci, 61, 843-858.
23. Enagonio, J., and M. T. Montgomery, 2001: Tropical cyclogenesis via convectively forced vortex Rossby waves in a shallow water primitive equation model. J. Atmos. Sci, 58, 685-705.
24. Frank, W. M., and E. A. Ritchie, 2001: Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2249-2269.
25. Franklin, J. L., S. J. Lord, S. E. Feuer, and F. D. Marks Jr., 1993: The kinematic structure of Hurricane Gloria (1985) determined from nested analyses of dropwindsonde and Doppler wind data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2433-2451.
26. Franklin, J. L., M. L. Black, and K. Valde, 2003: GPS dropwindsonde wind profiles in hurricanes and their operational implications. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 32-44.
27. Gray, W. M., 1968: Global view of the origin and tropical disturbances and storms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 669-700.
28. Guinn, T. A., and W. H. Schubert, 1993: Hurricane spiral bands. J. Atmos. Sci, 50, 3380-3403.
29. Hanley, D., J. Molinari, and D. Keyser, 2001: A composite study of the interactions between tropical cyclones and upper-tropospheric troughs. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2570-2584.
30. Hendricks, E. A., M. T. Montgomery, and C. A. Davis, 2004: The role of "vortical" hot towers in the formation of Tropical Cyclone Diana (1984). J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1209-1232.
31. Heymsfield, G. M., J. Halverson, E. Ritchie, J. Simpson, J. Molinari, and L. Tian, 2006: Structure of the highly sheared Tropical Storm Chantal during CAMEX-4. J. Atmos. Sci, 63, 268-287.
32. Hoskins, B. J., 1990: Theory of extratropical cyclones. Extratropical Cyclones. The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, C. W. Newton and E. O. Holopainen, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 64-80.
33. Idone, V. P., D. A. Davis, P. K. Moore, Y. Wang, R. W. Henderson, M. Ries, and P. F. Jamason, 1998a: Performance evaluation of the National Lightning Detection Network in eastern New York. 1: Detection efficiency. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9045-9055.
34. Idone, V. P., D. A. Davis, P. K. Moore, Y. Wang, R. W. Henderson, M. Ries, and P. F. Jamason, 1998b: Performance evaluation of the National Lightning Detection Network in eastern New York. 2: Location accuracy. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9057-9069.
35. Knupp, K. R., J. Walters, and M. Biggerstaff, 2006: Doppler profiler and radar observations of boundary layer variability during the landfall of Tropical Storm Gabrielle. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 234-251.
36. Lawrence, M., and R. Blake, 2002: Preliminary Report: Hurricane Danny 16-26 July 1997. National Hurricane Center, 18 pp. [Available online at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/.]
37. Marks, F. D., Jr., R. A. Houze Jr., and J. F. Gamache, 1992: Dual-aircraft investigation of the inner core of Hurricane Norbert. Part I: Kinematic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 919-942.
38. Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 1989: External influences on hurricane intensity. Part I: Outflow layer eddy angular momentum fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1093-1105.
39. Molinari, J., and D. Vollaro, 1990: External influences on hurricane intensity. Part II: Vertical structure and response of the hurricane vortex. J. Atmos. Sci, 47, 1902-1918.
40. Molinari, J., S. Skubis, and D. Vollaro, 1995: External influences on hurricane intensity. Part III: Potential vorticity structure. J. Atmos. Sci, 52, 3593-3606.
41. Molinari, J., S. Skubis, and D. Vollaro, F. Alsheimer, and H. Willoughby, 1998: Potential vorticity analysis of hurricane intensification. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2632-2644.
42. Molinari, J., P. Moore, and V. Idone, 1999: Convective structure of hurricanes as revealed by lightning locations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 520-534.
43. Molinari, J., D. Vollaro, and K. L. Corbosiero, 2004: Tropical cyclone formation in a sheared environment: A case study. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2493-2509.
44. Möller, J. D., and M. T. Montgomery, 2000: Tropical cyclone evolution via potential vorticity anomalies in a three-dimensional balance model. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3366-3387.
45. Montgomery, M. T., and J. Enagonio, 1998: Tropical cyclogenesis via convectively forced vortex Rossby waves in a three-dimensional quasigeostrophic model. J. Atmos. Sci, 55, 3176-3207.
46. Musgrave, K., C. A. Davis, and M. T. Montgomery, 2004: The effects of vertical wind shear on the formation of Hurricane Gabrielle (2001). Preprints, 26th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami Beach, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 42-43.
47. Orville, R. E., 1991: Calibration of a magnetic direction finding network using measured triggered lightning return stroke peak currents. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17 135-17 142.
48. Raymond, D. J., 1992: Nonlinear balance and potential vorticity thinking at large Rossby number. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 987-1016.
49. Reasor, P. D., and M. T. Montgomery, 2001: Three-dimensional alignment and corotation of weak, TC-like vortices via linear vortex Rossby waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2306-2330.
50. Reasor, P. D., M. T. Montgomery, F. D. Marks Jr., and J. F. Gamache, 2000: Low-wavenumber structure and evolution of the hurricane inner core observed by airborne dual-Doppler radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1653-1680.
51. Reasor, P. D., M. T. Montgomery, and L. D. Grasso, 2004: A new look at the problem of tropical cyclones in vertical shear flow: Vortex resiliency. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 3-22.
52. Ritchie, E. A., and G. J. Holland, 1997: Scale interactions during the formation of Typhoon Irving. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1377-1396.
53. Ritchie, E. A., J. Simpson, W. T. Liu, J. Halverson, C. Velden, K. F. Brueske, and H. Pierce, 2003: Present-day satellite technology for hurricane research: A closer look at formation and intensification. Hurricane! Coping with Disaster, R. Simpson, Ed., Amer. Geophys. Union, 249-290.
54. Shi, J.-J., S. W.-J. Chang, and S. Raman, 1997: Interaction between Hurricane Florence (1988) and an upper-tropospheric westerly trough. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1231-1247.
55. Simpson, J., E. Ritchie, G. J. Holland, J. Halverson, and S. Stewart, 1997: Mesoscale interactions in tropical cyclone genesis Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2643-2661.
56. Thorpe, A. J., 1986: Synoptic scale disturbances with circular symmetry. Mon. Wea Rev., 114, 1384-1389.
57. Trier, S. B., C. A. Davis, and J. D. Tuttle, 2000a: Long-lived mesoconvective vortices and their environment. Part I: Observations from the central United States during the 1998 warm season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3376-3395.
58. Trier, S. B., C. A., Davis and W. C. Skamarock, 2000b: Long-lived mesoconvective vortices and their environment. Part II: Induced thermo-dynamic destabilization in idealized simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3396-3412.
59. Wang, Y., and G. J. Holland, 1996: Tropical cyclone motion and evolution in vertical shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3313-3332.
60. Willoughby, H. E., F. D. Marks Jr., and R. J. Feinberg, 1984: Stationary and moving convective bands in hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3189-3211.
61. Zehr, R. M., 1992: Tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. 61, 181 pp.
62. Zipser, E. J., and K. R. Lutz, 1994: The vertical profile of radar reflectivity of convective cells: A strong indicator of storm intensity and lightning probability? Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1751-1759.