Estimating the density of kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in subtropical thicket using line transect surveys of dung and DISTANCE software

African Journal of Ecology

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 362-368

  Ellis, Amanda M ^a   Bernard, Richard T F ^a  

^a RHODES UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Faecal pellet counts; Ungulate abundance

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE ESTIMATION; ECOTOURISM; FECAL PELLET; LINE TRANSECT; POPULATION DENSITY; UNGULATE;

AFRICA; EASTERN CAPE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

TRAGELAPHUS STREPSICEROS; UNGULATA;

EID: 33144468512     PISSN: 01416707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00591.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (40)

1. ANDERSON, D.R., LAAKE, J.L., CRAIN, V. & BURNHAM, K.P. (1979) Guidelines for line-transect sampling of biological populations. J. Wildl. Manage. 43, 70-78.
2. BARNES, R.F.W. (2001) How reliable are dung counts for estimating elephant numbers? Afr. J. Ecol. 39, 1-9.
3. BATCHELER, C.L. (1975) Development of a distance model for deer census from pellet groups. J. Wildl. Manage. 39, 641-652.
4. BLUEWEISS, L., FOX, H., KUDZMA, V., NAKASHIMA, D., PETERS, R. & SAMS, S. (1978) Relationships between body size and some life history parameters. Oecologia 37, 257-272.
5. BOTHMA, J. du P. (2001) Game Ranch Management. J. L. van Schaik Publishers, Pretoria.
6. BOTHMA, J. du P., PEEL, M.J.S., PETIT, S. & GROSSMAN, D. (1990) Evaluating the accuracy of some commonly used game-counting methods. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 20, 26-32.
7. ROWLAND, A.E. & PERRIN, M.R. (1994) Density estimate methods for blue duikers Philantomba monticola and red duikers Cephalophus natalensis in Natal, South Africa. J. Afr. Zool. 108, 505-519.
8. BUCKLAND, S.T., ANDERSON, D.A., BURNHAM, K.P. & LAAKE, J.L. (1993) Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K.
9. COTTAM, G. & CURTIS, J.T. (1956) The use of distance measures in phytosociological sampling. Ecology 37, 451-460.
10. DIMMICK, R.W. & PELTON, M.R. (1996) Criteria of sex and age. In: Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats (Ed. T. A. BOOKHOUT). The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, MD. pp. 169-214
11. DOWNING, R.L., MOORE, W.H. & KIGHT, J. (1965) Comparison of deer census techniques applied to a known population in a GA enclosure. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agencies 19, 26-30.
12. DZIȨciołowski, R. (1976) Roe deer census by pellet-group counts. Acta Theriol. 21, 351-358.
13. EBERHARDT, L.L. (1978) Assessing variability in population studies. J. Wildl. Manage. 42, 207-238.
14. EBERHARDT, L.L. & VAN ETTEN, R.C. (1956) Evaluation of the pellet-group count as a deer census method. J. Wildl. Manage. 20, 70-74.
15. ELTRINGHAM, S.K. (1979) The Ecology and Conservation of Large African Mammals. Macmillan Press, London.
16. FOCARDI, S., ISOTTI, R. & TINELLI, A. (2002) Line transect estimates of ungulate populations in a Mediterranean forest. J. Wildl. Manage. 66, 48-58.
17. von GADOW, K. (1978) A pellet count of blue duiker and bushbuck in the Knysna forests. S. Afr. Forest. J. 107, 77-81.
18. HARESTAD, A.S. & BUNNELL, F.L. (1987) Persistence of black-tailed deer fecal pellets in coastal habitats. J. Wildl. Manage. 51, 33-37.
19. HOUNSOME, T.D., YOUNG, R.P., DAVISON, J., YARNELL, R.W., TREWBY, I.D., GARNETT, B.T., DELAHAY, R.J. & WILSON, G.J. (2005) An evaluation of distance sampling to estimate badger (Meles meles) abundance. J. Zool. (Lond.) 266, 81-87.
20. LAAKE, J.L., DERRY, J.F., BUCKLAND, S.T., BORCHERS, D.L., ANDERSON, D.R., BURNHAM, K.P., STRINDBERG, S., HEDLEY, S.L., BURT, M.L., MARQUES, F.F.C., POLLARD, J.H. & FEWSTER, R.M. (1998) Distance 3.5. Research Unit for Wildlife Population Assessment, University of St Andrews, U.K.
21. LANNOY, L., GAIDET, N., CHARDONNET, P. & FANGUINOVENY, M. (2003) Abundance estimates of duikers through direct counts in a rain forest, Gabon. Afr. J. Ecol. 41, 108-110.
22. LAYCOCK, W.A. & BATCHELER, C.L. (1975) Comparison of distance-measurement techniques for sampling tussock grassland species in New Zealand. J. Range Manage. 28, 235-239.
23. MANDUJANO, S. & GALLINA, S. (1995) Comparison of deer censusing methods in tropical dry forest. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 23, 180-186.
24. MARQUES, F.F.C., BUCKLAND, S.T., GOFFIN, D., DIXON, C.E., BORCHERS, D.L., MAYLE, B.A. & PEACE, A.J. (2001) Estimating deer abundance from line transect surveys of dung: sika deer in southern Scotland. J. Appl. Ecol. 38, 349-363.
25. MAYLE, B.A., PEACE, A.J. & GILL, R.M.A. (1999) How Many Deer? A Fieldguide to Estimating Deer Populations. Forestry Commission Fieldbook, 18, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh.
26. MAYLE, B.A., POTMAN, R.J. & WYLLIE, I. (2000) The use of trackway counts to establish an index of deer presence. Mammal Rev. 30, 233-237.
27. NEFF, D.J. (1968) The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census, and distribution: a review. J. Wildl. Manage. 32, 597-614.
28. O'BRIEN, J.W. (2000) Vegetation management units of Shamwari Game Reserve. BSc Honours Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth. Port Elizabeth.
29. OWEN-SMITH, N. (1979) Assessing the foraging efficiency of a large herbivore, the kudu. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 9, 102-110.
30. PLUMPTRE, A.J. (2000) Monitoring mammal populations with line transect techniques in African forests. J. Appl. Ecol. 37, 356-368.
31. PLUMPTRE, A.J. & HARRIS, S. (1995) Estimating the biomass of large mammalian herbivores in a tropical montane forest: a method of faecal counting that avoids assuming a 'steady state' system. J. Appl. Ecol. 32, 111-120.
32. PUTMAN, R.J. (1984) Facts from faeces. Mammal Rev. 14, 79-97.
33. RIVERO, K., RUMIZ, D.I. & TABER, A.B. (2004) Estimating brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira and M. americana) abundance by dung pellet counts and other indices in seasonal Chiquitano forest habitats of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 50, 161-167.
34. ROGERS, L.L. (1987) Seasonal changes in defecation rates of free-ranging white-tailed deer. J. Wildl. Manage. 51, 330-333.
35. RUETTE, S., STAHL, P. & ALBARET, M. (2003) Applying distance-sampling methods to spotlight counts of red foxes. J. Appl. Ecol. 40, 32-43.
36. WALKER, C. (1996) Signs of the Wild, a Field Guide to the Spoor and Signs of the Mammals of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
37. WALLMO, O.C., JACKSON, A.W., HAILEY, T.L. & CARLISLE, R.L. (1962) Influence of rain on the count of deer pellet groups. J. Wildl. Manage. 26, 50-55.
38. WEBBON, C.C., BAKER, P.J. & HARRIS, S. (2004) Faecal density counts for monitoring changes in red fox numbers in rural Britain. J. Appl. Ecol. 41, 768-781.
39. WEMMER, C., KUNZ, T.H., LUNDIE-JENKINS, G. & MCSHEA, W.J. (1996) Mammalian sign. In: Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Mammals (Eds D. E. WILSON, F. R. COLE, J. D. NICHOLS, R. RUDRAN and M. S. FOSTER). The Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.
40. WIGLEY, T.B. & JOHNSON, M.K. (1981) Disappearance rates for deer pellets in the southeast. J. Wildl. Manage. 45, 251-253.