Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 73, Issue 4, 2006, Pages

  Zhou, Jiangfeng ^a   Zhang, Lei ^a   Tuttle, Gary ^a   Koschny, Thomas ^b,c   Soukoulis, Costas M ^b,c  

^a Iowa State University of Science and Technology   (United States)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND LASER   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33144465177     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.041101     Document Type: Article

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25. In lossy materials it is possible to have the real part n be negative, without having the real parts of ε and μ simultaneously negative. This is the case of the recent work of S. Zhang, W. J. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck. [Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.137404 95, 137404 (2005)]. This can happen if the imaginary parts of ε and μ are sufficiently large, because in a lossy material n= n′ +i n″, and we also have that n=εz and z= μ ε. After some algebra we obtain that n′ = ε′ z′ - ε″ z″ and z= μ′ ε′ + μ″ ε″ ε2 +i (μ″ ε′ - μ′ ε″ ε2), so it is possible to have n′ <0, provided that ε″ z″ > ε′ z′. In this scenario, which occurs at the low-frequency side of the n′ <0 region in Fig. 3, however, the imaginary parts lead to dominant losses such that we have a transmission gap with some negative phase shift rather than LH transmission (with some losses). This type of negative n should not be considered LH behavior. In our experiments, although we have considerable imaginary parts, the behavior is still dominated by the negative real part of n at the high-frequency side where we find the LH behavior. As one can see from the experimental data of Figs. 3 3, we obtain n′ n″ =3.5 at n′ =-1, which ratio improves to ∼15 for n′ =-0.76. The simulation data gives at least n′ n″ 3.0 for n′ =-1.7.