Global Governance Campaigning and MDGs: From top-down to bottom-up anti-poverty work

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 339-354

  Bond, Patrick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING WORLD; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL; POVERTY;

EID: 33144460602     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436590500432622     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Peggy Antrobus, 'Presentation to Working Group on the MDGs and Gender Equality', UNDP Caribbean Regional Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Conference, Barbados, 7 July 2003.
2. Antrobus argues: 'The deliberate exclusion of this fundamental indicator of women's human rights and empowerment from the MDGs symbolises both the lack of sincerity on the part of the majority of those who voted on them, and the struggle that lies ahead for anyone who seriously seeks equality, equity and empowerment for women'.
3. Wachira Waruru, 'IMF, World Bank come under heavy criticism', East African Standard (Nairobi), 18 January 2005.
4. UN Habitat, 'Urban management programme', at http://hq.unhabitat.org/ cdrom/ump/CD/about.html, accessed 7 July 2005.
5. UNDP, Human Development Report 2003 - Millennium Development Goals: A Compact among Nations to end Human Poverty, New York: UNDP, 2003, p 3.
6. Minority Rights Group International, 'The Millennium Development Goals: helping or harming minorities?', presentation to UN Commission on Human Rights Sub-Commission on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Working Group on Minorities, New York, 30 May 2005.
7. Kumi Naidoo, Civicus Secretary General and Chief Executive Officer, 'Civil society gears up for a major global campaign against poverty', Johannesburg, 21 January 2005.
8. Jan Vandemoortele, Kamal Malhotra & Joseph Anthony Lim, 'Is MDG 8 on track as a global deal for human development?', United Nations Development Programme Bureau for Development Policy, Socio-economic Development Group, New York, June 2003.
9. United Nations, 'Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development', A/CONF.198/11, Monterrey, Mexico, Statement by Mike Moore, Director-General, World Trade Organization, 22 March, 2002. The IMF and Bank tend to underestimate the recurrent costs associated with most basic-needs goods, because the institutions generally insist on cost-recovery and self-financing.
10. Trevor Manuel, 'Remarks to the International Business Forum at the International Conference on Financing for Development', Monterrey, 18 March 2002.
11. See Patrick Bond (ed), Fanon's Warning: A Civil Society Reader on the New Partnership for Africa's Development, Trenton, USA: Africa World Press, Durban: UKZN Centre for Civil Society and Cape Town: AIDC, 2005, pp 160 - 162, for a discussion of the primary pilots and their failings. In August 2001 and October 2002 the main trade unions held two-day mass stayaways against private parternships involving essential public services. Manuel didn't mention these problems, even as caveats, nor did he concede his government's repeated failure to reach revenue targets from state asset sales.
12. Center of Concern, International Gender and Trade Network and Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, 'IMF - World Bank - WTO close ranks around flawed economic policies', 2003, at http://www.coc.org/resources/ articles/display.html?ID=484.
13. United Nations, 'Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development', Final Resolution, paras 62 - 63.
14. Statistics are drawn from Action Aid, Real Aid: An Agenda for Making Aid Work, London: Action Aid, 2005.
15. For a critique, see Robert Wade, 'The ringmaster of Doha', New Left Review, 25, 2004, pp 146 - 152.
16. Cited in Mark Lynas, 'Playing dirty at the WTO', Third World Network Features, Penang, June 2003.
17. Aileen Kwa, Power Politics in the WTO, Bangkok: Focus on the Global South, 2002, p 24.
18. Dot Keet, South Africa's Official Role and Position in Promoting the World Trade Organisation, Cape Town: Alternative Information and Development Centre, 2002, p 35.
19. Martin Khor, 'Preliminary comments on the WTO's July decision and process,' Penang, Third World Network, 6 August 2004
20. Mark Weisbrot, 'No boost for development in world trade negotiations', Knight-Ridder Syndicate, 4 August 2004
21. and One World, 'International groups denounce World Trade Pact', 2 August 2004, at http://us.oneworld.net/article/view/91015/1/3319.
22. UNDP, Human Development Report 2005, New York: UNDP, pp 129 - 133. A crucial ongoing debate is whether reducing northern agricultural subsidies would genuinely benefit African peasants, given that export markets are typically captured by capital-intensive large farmers and plantations. No reliable studies exist to make definitive statements. There are, indeed, African heads of state who advocate continued EU agricultural subsidies, because in turn they believe that this reduces their cost of food imports bought in international markets. As in all such cases of state spending, the most crucial question is who benefits. The UNDP pointed out that northern agricultural subsidies overwhelmingly benefit large agrocorporate producers, with the EU's 15 major countries far more unbalanced (with a 0.78 Gini coefficient) than even the USA (0.68).
23. Andy Mukherjee, 'Farm subsidy cuts need less skill, more honesty', Bloomberg, 18 October 2005.
24. Eric Toussaint, 'Transfers from the periphery to the centre, from labour to capital', unpublished paper, Committee for the Abolition of the Third World Debt, Brussels, 2004, p 3.
25. World Bank, Global Finance Tables, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002.
26. Eric Toussaint, Your Money or Your Life: The Tyranny of Global Finance, London: Pluto Press, 2003.
27. Jubilee Plus, 'Real progress report on HIPC', London, September 2003.
28. 'Africa needs justice not charity', GreenLeft Weekly, 29 June 2005.
29. The following quotes are sourced from Soren Ambrose, 'Assessing the G8 debt proposal and its implications', Focus on Trade, 25 September 2005.
30. For a defence of this position, see Patrick Bond, 'Bottom-up or top-down?', in David Held (ed), Debating Globalisation, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005, pp 83 - 92.
31. This is argued in more detail in Patrick Bond, 'Gramsci, Polanyi and impressions on the World Social Forum from Africa', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29 (2), 2005, pp 433 - 440.
32. Thabo Mbeki, 'The UN Millennium Review - time running out!', Address of the President of South Africa at the United Nations Millennium Review Summit Meeting, New York, 15 September 2005, p 3.
33. Vicente García-Delgado, 'The big letdown: UN summit shortchanges the poor', Civicus statement, New York, 16 September 2005.
34. Tariq Ali, 'Business as usual', Guardian, 24 May 2003.
35. Nicola Bullard, 'Why UN reform is not a priority', Focus on Trade, September 2005, at http://www.focusweb.net.
36. Walden Bello, Deglobalisation: Ideas for a New World Economy, London: Zed Books, 2002.
37. Patrick Bond, Against Global Apartheid, London: Zed Books, 2003, Part Four.
38. Gosta Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.