Pulsed HV vacuum breakdown of polished, powder coated, and E-beam treated large area stainless steel electrodes with 0.5 to 7 mm gaps

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 52-63

  Johnson, D J ^a   Savage, M E ^a,c   Sharpe, R A ^a,c   Batrakov, A V ^b   Proskurovsky, D I ^b  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF HIGH CURRENT ELECTRONICS   (Russian Federation)

^c SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Electrical breakdown in vacuum; Electrical insulation in vacuum; Vacuum discharge

Indexed keywords

ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM; SQUARE ROOT; VACUUM DISCHARGE;

ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN; ELECTRIC DISCHARGES; ELECTRIC INSULATION; ELECTRON BEAMS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; STAINLESS STEEL;

ELECTRODES;

EID: 32844462424     PISSN: 10709878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2006.1593401     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (40)

1. L. Cranberg, "The Initiation of Electrical Breakdown in Vacuum", J. App. Phys., Vol. 23, pp. 518-22, 1952.
2. R. H. Fowler and L. Nordheim, "Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields", Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Vol. A119, pp. 173-81, 1928.
3. H. W. Anderson, "The Effect of Total Voltage on Breakdown between Electrodes in Vacuum", Trans. Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs. Vol. 54, p. 1315, 1935.
4. D. Alpert, D. A. Lee, E. M. Lyman, and J. Tomaschke, "Initiation of Electrical Breakdown in Ultrahigh Vacuum", J. Vac. Sci. Technol., Vol. 1, pp. 35-50, 1964.
5. K. Tsuruta, "Prebreakdown Field Emission Current and Breakdown Mechanism of a Small Vacuum Gap", IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul. Vol. 18, pp. 204-8, 1983.
6. M. Okawa, T. Shioiri, H. Okubo, and S. Yanabu, "Area Effect on Electric Breakdown of Copper and Stainless Steel Electrodes in Vacuum", IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul., Vol. 23, pp. 77-81, 1988.
7. R. V. Latham, "Prebreakdown Electrical Emission", IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul. Vol. 18, pp. 194-203, 1983.
8. th Int. Conf. Phenom. Ionised Gases, Vol. 1, pp. 226-9, 1965.
9. th Int. Conf. Phenom, Ionised Gases, p.70, 1967.
10. th Internat. Symp. on Discharges and Elect. Insulation in Vacuum, Poznan, Poland, 1972.
11. th Internat. Symp. on Disc. And Elect. Insulat. in Vac., Poznan, Poland, 1972.
12. th Internat. Symp. on Disc. And Elect. Insulat. in Vac., Poznan, Poland, 1972.
13. th Internat. Symp. on Disc. Electr. Insulatation in Vacuum, Poznan, Poland, 1972.
14. G. P. Beukema, "Influence of Absorbed Gases on Prebreakdown Currents in Vacuum", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 6, pp. 1455-66, 1973.
15. -2 Torr of Air, Nitrogen, Helium, Sulfur Hexafluoride, and Argon", J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 45, pp. 4784-94, 1974.
16. C. S. Walters, M. W. Fox, and R. V. Latham, "Electro-Optical Imaging of High-β Prebreakdown Currents", J. Phys. D: App. Phys., Vol. 7, pp. 911-9, 1974.
17. B. M. Cox, "The Nature of Field Emission Sites", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 8, pp. 2065-73, 1975.
18. B. M. Cox and W. T. Williams, "Field Emission Sites on Unpolished Stainless Steel", J. Phys. D: Appl., Vol. 10, pp. L5-L9, 1977.
19. R. Latham, High Voltage Vacuum Insulation, Academic Press Limited, London, 1995.
20. G. A. Mesyats and D. I Proskurovsky, Pulsed Electrical Discharge in Vacuum, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989.
21. G. A. Mesyats, Explosive Electron Emission, URO-Press, Ekaterinberg, 1998
22. A. van Oostrom and L. Augustus, "Electrical Breakdown between Stainless-steel Electrodes in Vacuum", Vacuum, Vol. 32, pp. 127-35, 1982.
23. th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf. Dallas, Texas, USA, pp.1021-4, 2003,
24. D. J. Johnson, William E. Fowler. Harry C. Ives, Mark E. Savage, and William A. Stygar, "Suppression of Electron Emission from Metal Electrodes" Sandia National Laboratories. Report SAND2003-3819, Nov. 2003.
25. G. E. Ozur, D. I. Proskurovsky, V. P. Rotshtein, and A. B. Markov, "Production and Application of Low-Energy High-Current Electron Beams", Laser and Particle Beams, Vol. 21, pp. 157-74. 2003.
26. E. W. Gray, "Microparticles and their Effects in Vacuum Diodes", J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 59, pp. 3709-15, 1986.
27. E. W. Gray and R. W. Stinnett, "Energy Losses in Magnetically Insulated Transmission Lines due to Microparticles", J. Appl. Phys.Vol. 61, pp. 5222-36, 1987.
28. B. M. Cox and W. T. Williams, "Field-emission Sites on Unpolished Stainless Steel", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 10, pp. L5-L9, 1976.
29. M. Jimenez, R. J. Noer, G. Jouve, C. Antoine, J. Jodet, and B. Bonin, "Electron Field Emission from Selectively Contaminated Cathodes", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 26, pp. 1504-9, 1993.
30. A. V. Batrakov, D. J. Johnson, S. A. Onischenko, and D. I. Proskurovsky, "On priorities of cathode and anode contaminations in triggering the short-pulsed voltage breakdown in vacuum", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., Vol. 12, 2005 (In Press).
31. T. Y. Chang, "Improved Uniform-Field Electrode Profiles for TEA Laser and High-Voltage Applications", Rev. Sci. Instru., Vol. 44, pp. 405-7, 1973.
32. nd Int. Ann. Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, Fraunhofer ICT, 80-1 to 80-10, 2001.
33. R. E. Hurley, "Electrical Phenomena Occurring at the Surface of Electrically Stressed Metal Cathodes. III. Current-voltage Characteristics of Electroluminescent (k-spot) Regions on Broad Area Cathodes", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 13, pp. 1121-28, 1980.
34. B. J. Juettner, "Vacuum Arc Initiation and Applications", Ch. 15 in [2].
35. V. P. Rotshtein, Yu. F. Ivanov, D. I. Prokurovsky, K.V. Karlik, I. A. Shulepov, and A. B. Markov, "Manufacture of the Layers of Austenitic Stainless Steel Irradiated with a Low-Energy, High-Current Electron Beam", Surf. and Coat. Technol. Vol. 180-181, pp. 382-6, 2004.
36. th IEEE Int. Sym. on Disc. and El. Insul. in Vac., Tours France, pp. 459-62, 2002.
37. M. E. Cuneo, "The Effect of Electrode Contamination, Cleaning, and Conditioning on High-Energy Pulsed-Power Device Performance", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., Vol. 6, pp. 469-85, 1999.
38. D. Smith and N. G. Adams, "Studies of Plasma Production at Hypervelocity Microparticle Impact", J. Phys. D., Vol. 6, pp. 700-19, 1973.
39. J. E. Osher, in Plasma Diagnostic Techniques, Academic Press, NY, 1965 ed. R. H. Huddlestone and S. L. Leonard.
40. Ph. Niedermann, N. Sankarraman, R. J. Noer, and F. Fischer, "Field Emission from Broad-area Niobium Cathodes: Effects of High-temperature Treatment", J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 59, pp. 892-901, 1986.