메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue , 2006, Pages 27-63

Aerodynamics of race cars

Author keywords

Downforce; Drag; Ground effect; Inverted wings

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; DRAG; GROUND EFFECT; RACING AUTOMOBILES; VORTEX FLOW; WIND TUNNELS; WINGS;

EID: 32644451060     PISSN: 00664189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092016     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (180)

References (80)
  • 2
    • 30244489858 scopus 로고
    • The effect of groundplane boundary layer control on automotive testing in a wind tunnel
    • SAE 880248
    • Berndtsson A, Eckert WT, Mercker E. 1988. The effect of groundplane boundary layer control on automotive testing in a wind tunnel. SAE 880248
    • (1988)
    • Berndtsson, A.1    Eckert, W.T.2    Mercker, E.3
  • 3
    • 0011781018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting the aero advantage
    • Bokulich F. 2000. Getting the aero advantage. Automot. Eng. Int. 108(11):56-58
    • (2000) Automot. Eng. Int. , vol.108 , Issue.11 , pp. 56-58
    • Bokulich, F.1
  • 5
    • 32644451756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and computational simulations utilized during the aerodynamic development of the Dodge Intrepid R/T race car
    • SAE 2002-01-3334
    • Brzustowicz JP, Lounsberry TH, Esclafer de la Rode JM. 2002. Experimental and computational simulations utilized during the aerodynamic development of the Dodge Intrepid R/T race car. SAE 2002-01-3334
    • (2002)
    • Brzustowicz, J.P.1    Lounsberry, T.H.2    Esclafer de la Rode, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 0343807383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lift augmentation on delta wing with leading-edge fences and Gurney flap
    • Buchholz MD, Tso J. 2000. Lift augmentation on delta wing with leading-edge fences and Gurney flap. J. Aircr. 37(6):1050-57
    • (2000) J. Aircr. , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 1050-1057
    • Buchholz, M.D.1    Tso, J.2
  • 7
    • 85072434578 scopus 로고
    • A further evaluation of the groundplane suction method for ground simulation in automotive wind tunnels
    • SAE 940418
    • Carr GW, Eckert W. 1994. A further evaluation of the groundplane suction method for ground simulation in automotive wind tunnels. SAE 940418
    • (1994)
    • Carr, G.W.1    Eckert, W.2
  • 8
    • 0008881436 scopus 로고
    • Navier-Stokes analysis of lift-enhancing tabs on multi-element airfoils
    • AIIA 94-0050
    • Carrannanto PG, Storms BL, Ross JC, Cummings RM. 1994. Navier-Stokes analysis of lift-enhancing tabs on multi-element airfoils. AIIA 94-0050
    • (1994)
    • Carrannanto, P.G.1    Storms, B.L.2    Ross, J.C.3    Cummings, R.M.4
  • 9
    • 0020553483 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic characteristics of car wheels
    • SP
    • Cogotti A. 1983. Aerodynamic characteristics of car wheels. Int. J. Veh. Des. SP 3:173-96
    • (1983) Int. J. Veh. Des. , vol.3 , pp. 173-196
    • Cogotti, A.1
  • 10
    • 0344280014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aerodynamic performance of automotive underbody diffusers
    • SAE 980030
    • Cooper KR, Bertenyi T, Dutil G, Syms J, Sovran G. 1998. The aerodynamic performance of automotive underbody diffusers. SAE 980030
    • (1998)
    • Cooper, K.R.1    Bertenyi, T.2    Dutil, G.3    Syms, J.4    Sovran, G.5
  • 11
    • 0030080899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerofoil ground effect revisited
    • Coulliette C, Plotkin A. 1996. Aerofoil ground effect revisited. Aeronaut. J. 1996:65-74
    • (1996) Aeronaut. J. , vol.1996 , pp. 65-74
    • Coulliette, C.1    Plotkin, A.2
  • 12
    • 32644452973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of Formula One car drag force on the test track
    • SAE 962517
    • Crewe CM, Passmore MA, Symonds P. 1996. Measurement of Formula One car drag force on the test track. SAE 962517
    • (1996)
    • Crewe, C.M.1    Passmore, M.A.2    Symonds, P.3
  • 13
    • 32644431745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a narrow belt for moving ground simulation and its effect on the aerodynamic forces generated on a Formula 1 car
    • SAE 2002-01-3342
    • Dimitriou I, Garry KP. 2002. Use of a narrow belt for moving ground simulation and its effect on the aerodynarrdc forces generated on a Formula 1 car. SAE 2002-01-3342
    • (2002)
    • Dimitriou, I.1    Garry, K.P.2
  • 14
    • 32644449347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aerodynamic stability of a Le Mans prototype race car under off-design pitch conditions
    • SAE 2000-01-0872
    • Dominy RG, Ryan A, Sims-Williams DB. 2000. The aerodynamic stability of a Le Mans prototype race car under off-design pitch conditions. SAE 2000-01-0872
    • (2000)
    • Dominy, R.G.1    Ryan, A.2    Sims-Williams, D.B.3
  • 15
    • 32644432601 scopus 로고
    • Wind tunnel and track testing an ARCA race car
    • SAE 901867
    • Duncan LT. 1990. Wind tunnel and track testing an ARCA race car. SAE 901867
    • (1990)
    • Duncan, L.T.1
  • 16
    • 85072413387 scopus 로고
    • The effect of deck spoilers and two-car interference on the body pressures of race cars
    • SAE 942520
    • Duncan LT. 1994. The effect of deck spoilers and two-car interference on the body pressures of race cars. SAE 942520
    • (1994)
    • Duncan, L.T.1
  • 18
    • 0037392426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trapped vortex in ground effect
    • Garcia D, Katz J. 2003. Trapped vortex in ground effect. AIAA J. 41(4):674-78
    • (2003) AIAA J. , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 674-678
    • Garcia, D.1    Katz, J.2
  • 19
    • 0019663266 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic effects of shape, camber, pitch, and ground proximity on idealized ground-vehicle bodies
    • George AR. 1981. Aerodynamic effects of shape, camber, pitch, and ground proximity on idealized ground-vehicle bodies. ASME J. Fluids Eng. 103(12):631-38
    • (1981) ASME J. Fluids Eng. , vol.103 , Issue.12 , pp. 631-638
    • George, A.R.1
  • 20
    • 0020618841 scopus 로고
    • Flow patterns, pressures, and forces on the underside of idealized ground effect vehicles
    • ed. T Morel, J Miller, New York: ASME
    • George AR, Donis JE. 1983. Flow patterns, pressures, and forces on the underside of idealized ground effect vehicles. In Aerodynamics of Transportation II, ed. T Morel, J Miller, 7:69-79. New York: ASME
    • (1983) Aerodynamics of Transportation II , vol.7 , pp. 69-79
    • George, A.R.1    Donis, J.E.2
  • 23
  • 26
    • 10844282612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the aerodynamics of Gurney flaps on a double-element wing
    • Jeffrey D, Zhang X, Hurst DW. 2001. Some aspects of the aerodynamics of Gurney flaps on a double-element wing. J. Fluids Eng. 123:99-104
    • (2001) J. Fluids Eng. , vol.123 , pp. 99-104
    • Jeffrey, D.1    Zhang, X.2    Hurst, D.W.3
  • 27
    • 85072475212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral aerodynamics of a generic Sprint car configuration
    • SAE 2002-01-3312
    • Johansson M, Katz J. 2002. Lateral aerodynamics of a generic Sprint car configuration. SAE J. Passenger Cars: Mech. Syst., pp. 2331-38. SAE 2002-01-3312
    • (2002) SAE J. Passenger Cars: Mech. Syst. , pp. 2331-2338
    • Johansson, M.1    Katz, J.2
  • 28
    • 0036586060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow around a rotating circular cylinder near a moving plane wall
    • Kano I, Yagita M. 2002. Flow around a rotating circular cylinder near a moving plane wall. JSME Int. J. Ser. B 45(2):259-68
    • (2002) JSME Int. J. Ser. B , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-268
    • Kano, I.1    Yagita, M.2
  • 29
    • 85040882182 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of negative lifting surfaces attached to an open-wheel racing car configuration
    • SAE Pap. 85-0283
    • Katz J. 1985a. Investigation of negative lifting surfaces attached to an open-wheel racing car configuration. SAE Pap. 85-0283
    • (1985)
    • Katz, J.1
  • 30
    • 0021823369 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the aerodynamic forces on automotive lifting surfaces
    • Katz J. 1985b. Calculation of the aerodynamic forces on automotive lifting surfaces. ASME J. Fluids Eng. 107(4):438-43
    • (1985) ASME J. Fluids Eng. , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 438-443
    • Katz, J.1
  • 31
    • 85040871439 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic model for wing-generated down force on open-wheel-racing-car configurations
    • SAE Pap. 86-0218
    • Katz J. 1986. Aerodynamic model for wing-generated down force on open-wheel-racing-car configurations. SAE Pap. 86-0218
    • (1986)
    • Katz, J.1
  • 32
    • 0024714402 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics of high-lift, low aspect-ratio unswept wings
    • Katz J. 1989. Aerodynamics of high-lift, low aspect-ratio unswept wings. AIAA J. 27(8):1123-24
    • (1989) AIAA J. , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1123-1124
    • Katz, J.1
  • 33
    • 32644445496 scopus 로고
    • Considerations pertinent to race-car wing design
    • July 18, Loughborough, Engl
    • Katz J. 1994. Considerations pertinent to race-car wing design. R.A.C. Conf. Veh. Aerodyn. Pap. 23, July 18, Loughborough, Engl.
    • (1994) R.A.C. Conf. Veh. Aerodyn. Pap. 23
    • Katz, J.1
  • 35
    • 85072492518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presented at SAE 2nd Int. Motorsport Conf., Detroit, Dec. Veh. Des. Issues, SAE P-304/1, SAE Pap. 96-2519
    • Katz J. 1996. Aerodynamics and possible alleviation of top-fuel dragster 'blow-over.' Presented at SAE 2nd Int. Motorsport Conf., Detroit, Dec. Veh. Des. Issues, SAE P-304/1, pp. 115-19. SAE Pap. 96-2519
    • (1996) Aerodynamics and Possible Alleviation of Top-fuel Dragster 'Blow-over' , pp. 115-119
    • Katz, J.1
  • 37
    • 85072449147 scopus 로고
    • Effect of wing/body interaction on the aerodynamics of two generic racing cars
    • Presented at SAE Int. Conf., Detroit, Feb., SAE 92-0349
    • Katz J, Dykstra L. 1992. Effect of wing/body interaction on the aerodynamics of two generic racing cars. Presented at SAE Int. Conf., Detroit, Feb., SAE 92-0349
    • (1992)
    • Katz, J.1    Dykstra, L.2
  • 38
    • 85072416068 scopus 로고
    • Application of computational methods to the aerodynamic development of a prototype race-car
    • Presented at SAE 1st Motor Sport Eng. Conf., Dec. 5-8, Detroit, P-287, SAE Pap. 942498
    • Katz J, Dykstra L. 1994. Application of computational methods to the aerodynamic development of a prototype race-car. Presented at SAE 1st Motor Sport Eng. Conf., Dec. 5-8, Detroit, P-287, pp. 161-69. SAE Pap. 942498
    • (1994) , pp. 161-169
    • Katz, J.1    Dykstra, L.2
  • 39
    • 85072479702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic effects of Indy car components
    • SAE 2002-01-3311
    • Katz J, Garcia D. 2002. Aerodynamic effects of Indy car components. SAE J. Passenger Cars: Mech. Syst., pp. 2322-30. SAE 2002-01-3311
    • (2002) SAE J. Passenger Cars: Mech. Syst. , pp. 2322-2330
    • Katz, J.1    Garcia, D.2
  • 40
    • 32644439731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics of race car liftoff
    • SAE 2004-01-3506
    • Katz J, Garcia D, Sluder R. 2004. Aerodynamics of race car liftoff. SAE 2004-01-3506
    • (2004)
    • Katz, J.1    Garcia, D.2    Sluder, R.3
  • 41
    • 0024621798 scopus 로고
    • Effect of 90 degree flap on the aerodynamics of a two-clement airfoil
    • March
    • Katz J, Largman R. 1989a. Effect of 90 degree flap on the aerodynamics of a two-clement airfoil. ASME J. Fluids Eng. 111(March):93-94
    • (1989) ASME J. Fluids Eng. , vol.111 , pp. 93-94
    • Katz, J.1    Largman, R.2
  • 42
    • 0024683959 scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of the aerodynamic interaction between an enclosed-wheel racing-car and its rear wing
    • Katz J, Largman R. 1989b. Experimental study of the aerodynamic interaction between an enclosed-wheel racing-car and its rear wing. ASME J. Fluids Eng. 111(2):154-59
    • (1989) ASME J. Fluids Eng. , vol.111 , Issue.2 , pp. 154-159
    • Katz, J.1    Largman, R.2
  • 43
    • 33846369372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viscous-flow simulation of an open-wheel race car
    • Presented at Motor Sport Eng. Conf., Detroit, Nov. 16, SAE Spec. Publ. Veh. Des. Safety Issues, P-340/1, SAE Pap. 983041
    • Katz J, Luo H, Mestreau E, Baum J, Lohner R. 1998. Viscous-flow simulation of an open-wheel race car. Presented at Motor Sport Eng. Conf., Detroit, Nov. 16, SAE Spec. Publ. Veh. Des. Safety Issues, P-340/ 1, pp. 87-93. SAE Pap. 983041
    • (1998) , pp. 87-93
    • Katz, J.1    Luo, H.2    Mestreau, E.3    Baum, J.4    Lohner, R.5
  • 46
    • 32644438499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance automotive applications of pressure-sensitive paint in the Langley full-scale tunnel
    • SAE 2002-01-3291
    • Lee S, Landman D, Jordan J, Watkins A, Leighty B, et al. 2002. Performance automotive applications of pressure-sensitive paint in the Langley full-scale tunnel. SAE 2002-01-3291
    • (2002)
    • Lee, S.1    Landman, D.2    Jordan, J.3    Watkins, A.4    Leighty, B.5
  • 47
    • 32644452235 scopus 로고
    • On-road aerodynamic drag measurements compared with Wind Tunnel Data
    • SAE 950627
    • LeGood GM, Howell JP, Passmore MA, Garry KP. 1995. On-road aerodynamic drag measurements compared with Wind Tunnel Data. SAE 950627
    • (1995)
    • LeGood, G.M.1    Howell, J.P.2    Passmore, M.A.3    Garry, K.P.4
  • 48
    • 84995543424 scopus 로고
    • A class of airfoils designed for high lift in incompressible flow
    • Liebeck RH. 1973. A class of airfoils designed for high lift in incompressible flow. J. Aircr. 10(10):610-17
    • (1973) J. Aircr. , vol.10 , Issue.10 , pp. 610-617
    • Liebeck, R.H.1
  • 49
    • 0018017722 scopus 로고
    • Design of subsonic airfoils for high lift
    • Liebeck RH. 1978. Design of subsonic airfoils for high lift. J. Aircr. 15(9):547-61
    • (1978) J. Aircr. , vol.15 , Issue.9 , pp. 547-561
    • Liebeck, R.H.1
  • 50
    • 32644441898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buyers Guide, Wind Tunnels
    • (Aug./Sept.): Provides a comprehensive list + a short description of race car oriented wind tunnels in the world
    • Lis A. 2002. Buyers Guide, Wind Tunnels. Race Tech. 43(Aug./ Sept.):75-78. Provides a comprehensive list + a short description of race car oriented wind tunnels in the world
    • (2002) Race Tech. , vol.43 , pp. 75-78
    • Lis, A.1
  • 51
    • 32644434675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benetton under pressure
    • McBeath S. 1999. Benetton under pressure. Racecar Eng. 9(2):22-24
    • (1999) Racecar Eng. , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 22-24
    • McBeath, S.1
  • 52
    • 32644439964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-car airflow: Draft dodging
    • McBeath S. 2004. Two-car airflow: Draft dodging. Racecar Eng. 14(10):50-54
    • (2004) Racecar Eng. , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 50-54
    • McBeath, S.1
  • 53
    • 77953855718 scopus 로고
    • On the aerodynamic interference due to the rolling wheels of passenger cars
    • SAE 910311
    • Mercker E, Breuer N, Berneburg H, Emmelmann HJ. 1991. On the aerodynamic interference due to the rolling wheels of passenger cars. SAE 910311
    • (1991)
    • Mercker, E.1    Breuer, N.2    Berneburg, H.3    Emmelmann, H.J.4
  • 54
    • 0022092553 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic requirements at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway
    • Metz DL. 1985. Aerodynamic requirements at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. J. Guid. 8(4):530-32
    • (1985) J. Guid. , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 530-532
    • Metz, D.L.1
  • 56
    • 11644324140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of Gurney flaps on three-dimensional wings with and without taper
    • AIAA 96-5514. Los Angeles, CA
    • Myose-RY, Papadakis M, Heron I. 1996. The effect of Gurney flaps on three-dimensional wings with and without taper. AIAA 96-5514. 1996 World Aviat. Congr., Los Angeles, CA
    • (1996) 1996 World Aviat. Congr.
    • Myose, R.Y.1    Papadakis, M.2    Heron, I.3
  • 57
    • 85072442415 scopus 로고
    • The development on manufacture of a roof mounted aero flap system for race car applications
    • SAE 942522
    • Nelson G, Roush J, Eaker G, Wallis S. 1994. The development on manufacture of a roof mounted aero flap system for race car applications. SAE 942522
    • (1994)
    • Nelson, G.1    Roush, J.2    Eaker, G.3    Wallis, S.4
  • 58
    • 0004201599 scopus 로고
    • A water tunnel study of Gurney flaps
    • NASA TM 4071
    • Neuhart DH, Pendergraft OC. 1988. A water tunnel study of Gurney flaps. NASA TM 4071
    • (1988)
    • Neuhart, D.H.1    Pendergraft, O.C.2
  • 59
    • 85072464377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent upgrades to the swift 8 ft × 9 ft rolling-road, wind tunnel
    • SAE 2002-01-3341
    • Page M, Winkler J, Roberts N, Huschilt T, Smyth D, Kane B. 2002. Recent upgrades to the swift 8 ft × 9 ft rolling-road, wind tunnel. SAE 2002-01-3341
    • (2002)
    • Page, M.1    Winkler, J.2    Roberts, N.3    Huschilt, T.4    Smyth, D.5    Kane, B.6
  • 60
    • 85085401414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic design of the Eagle E997 champ car
    • Presented at 18th Appl. Aerodyn. Conf., Denver, CO, Aug. 14-17. AIAA 2000-4337
    • Page MA. 2000. Aerodynamic design of the Eagle E997 champ car. Presented at 18th Appl. Aerodyn. Conf., Denver, CO, Aug. 14-17. AIAA 2000-4337
    • (2000)
    • Page, M.A.1
  • 61
    • 0008909178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of Gurney flaps on a two-element general aviation, airfoil
    • AIAA 97-0728. 35th Aerospace Sci. Meet. Reno, NV
    • Papadakis M, Moyse RY, Matallana S. 1997. Experimental investigation of Gurney flaps on a two-element general aviation, airfoil. AIAA 97-0728. 35th Aerospace Sci. Meet. Reno, NV
    • (1997)
    • Papadakis, M.1    Moyse, R.Y.2    Matallana, S.3
  • 62
    • 4244052743 scopus 로고
    • Ground effect - Theory and practice
    • NACA TM-828
    • Pistolesi E. 1935. Ground effect - Theory and practice. NACA TM-828
    • (1935)
    • Pistolesi, E.1
  • 63
    • 32644442033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition and analysis of aerodynamic loads on formula 3 racing car wings using dynamoractric load cells
    • SAE 2002-01-3331
    • Petrone N, Capuzzo M, DePaoli E. 2002. Acquisition and analysis of aerodynamic loads on formula 3 racing car wings using dynamoractric load cells. SAE 2002-01-3331
    • (2002)
    • Petrone, N.1    Capuzzo, M.2    DePaoli, E.3
  • 64
    • 0015039667 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of Vortex characteristics by a leading-edge suction analogy
    • Polhamus EC. 1971. Prediction of Vortex characteristics by a leading-edge suction analogy. J. Aircr. 8(4):193-99
    • (1971) J. Aircr. , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 193-199
    • Polhamus, E.C.1
  • 65
    • 0020554997 scopus 로고
    • Experimental methods for wind-tunnel testing of racing cars with ground effect
    • Poncini GF, Di Giusto N. 1983. Experimental methods for wind-tunnel testing of racing cars with ground effect. Int. J. Veh. Des. Impact Aerodyn. Veh. Des. SP3:480-92
    • (1983) Int. J. Veh. Des. Impact Aerodyn. Veh. Des. , vol.SP3 , pp. 480-492
    • Poncini, G.F.1    Di Giusto, N.2
  • 66
    • 0001105770 scopus 로고
    • Lift-enhancing tabs on multi-element airfoils
    • Ross JC, Storms BL, Carrannanto PG. 1995. Lift-enhancing tabs on multi-element airfoils. J. Aircr. 32(3):649-55
    • (1995) J. Aircr. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 649-655
    • Ross, J.C.1    Storms, B.L.2    Carrannanto, P.G.3
  • 67
    • 0037359973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of diffuser angle on a bluff body in ground effect
    • Ruhrmann A, Zhang X. 2003. Influence of diffuser angle on a bluff body in ground effect. J. Fluids Eng. 125:332
    • (2003) J. Fluids Eng. , vol.125 , pp. 332
    • Ruhrmann, A.1    Zhang, X.2
  • 68
    • 18344417236 scopus 로고
    • The origins of drag and lift reductions on automobiles with front and rear spoilers
    • SAE Pap. 77-0389
    • Schekel FK. 1977. The origins of drag and lift reductions on automobiles with front and rear spoilers. SAE Pap. 77-0389
    • (1977)
    • Schekel, F.K.1
  • 69
    • 0345142464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The force and pressure of a diffuser-equipped bluff body in ground effect
    • Senior AE, Zhang X. 2001. The force and pressure of a diffuser-equipped bluff body in ground effect. J. Fluids Eng. 123:105
    • (2001) J. Fluids Eng. , vol.123 , pp. 105
    • Senior, A.E.1    Zhang, X.2
  • 70
    • 85008877077 scopus 로고
    • The Magnus effect: A summary of investigations to date
    • Swanson WM. 1961. The Magnus effect: A summary of investigations to date. Trans. ASME J. Eng. 83-3, pp. 461-70
    • (1961) Trans. ASME J. Eng. , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 461-470
    • Swanson, W.M.1
  • 71
    • 0015204910 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic design of a Land Speed Record car
    • Torda TP, Morel TA. 1971. Aerodynamic design of a Land Speed Record car. J. Aircr. 8:1029-33
    • (1971) J. Aircr. , vol.8 , pp. 1029-1033
    • Torda, T.P.1    Morel, T.A.2
  • 72
    • 32644437789 scopus 로고
    • A discussion of aerodynamic interference effects between a race car and a race track retaining wall (A Wind Tunnel NASCAR Case Study)
    • SAE 880458
    • Wallis SB, Quinlan WJ. 1988. A discussion of aerodynamic interference effects between a race car and a race track retaining wall (A Wind. Tunnel NASCAR Case Study). SAE 880458
    • (1988)
    • Wallis, S.B.1    Quinlan, W.J.2
  • 73
    • 32644451208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic optimization of the Opel Calibra ITC racing car using experiments and CFD
    • SAE 980040
    • Werner F, Frik S, Schulze J. 1998. Aerodynamic optimization of the Opel Calibra ITC racing car using experiments and CFD. SAE 980040
    • (1998)
    • Werner, F.1    Frik, S.2    Schulze, J.3
  • 74
    • 32644446581 scopus 로고
    • Some basic investigations into the principles of ground simulation techniques in automotive wind tunnels
    • SAE 890369
    • Wiedemann J. 1989. Some basic investigations into the principles of ground simulation techniques in automotive wind tunnels. SAE 890369
    • (1989)
    • Wiedemann, J.1
  • 75
    • 32644450504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleared for take-off
    • Wright P. 1999. Cleared for take-off. Racecar Eng. 9(7):16-18
    • (1999) Racecar Eng. , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 16-18
    • Wright, P.1
  • 76
    • 0020547723 scopus 로고
    • The influence of aerodynamics on the design of Formula One racing cars
    • SP
    • Wright P. 1983. The influence of aerodynamics on the design of Formula One racing cars. Int. J. Veh. Impact Aerodyn. Veh. Des. SP 3:158-72
    • (1983) Int. J. Veh. Impact Aerodyn. Veh. Des. , vol.3 , pp. 158-172
    • Wright, P.1
  • 77
    • 33845895098 scopus 로고
    • Drag measurements on 2, 3, and 4 car platoons
    • SAE 940421
    • Zambat M, Frascaroli S, Browand FK. 1994. Drag measurements on 2, 3, and 4 car platoons. SAE 940421
    • (1994)
    • Zambat, M.1    Frascaroli, S.2    Browand, F.K.3
  • 78
    • 0034315315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics of a single element wing in ground effect
    • Zerihan J, Zhang X. 2000. Aerodynamics of a single element wing in ground effect. J. Aircr. 37(6)1058-64
    • (2000) J. Aircr. , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 1058-1064
    • Zerihan, J.1    Zhang, X.2
  • 79
    • 0035337132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics of Gurney flaps on a wing in ground effect
    • Zerihan J, Zhang X. 2001. Aerodynamics of Gurney flaps on a wing in ground effect. AIAA J. 39(5)772-80
    • (2001) AIAA J. , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 772-780
    • Zerihan, J.1    Zhang, X.2
  • 80
    • 0038610676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamics of a double-element wing in ground effect
    • Zhang X, Zerihan J. 2003. Aerodynamics of a double-element wing in ground effect. AIAA J. 41(6):1007-16
    • (2003) AIAA J. , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 1007-1016
    • Zhang, X.1    Zerihan, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.