Social self-reappraisal therapy for social phobia: Preliminary findings

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 45-57

  Hofmann, Stefan G ^a   Scepkowski, Lisa A ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive behavioral therapy; Self focused attention; Self perception; Social anxiety disorder; Social phobia

Indexed keywords

CLONAZEPAM; PAROXETINE; RISPERIDONE;

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL PHOBIA; SOCIAL SELF REAPPRAISAL THERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 32544457547     PISSN: 08898391     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1891/jcop.20.1.45     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Alden, L. E., & Bieling P. J. (1998). Interpersonal consequences of the pursuit of safety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 53-65.
2. Alden, L. E., Bieling, P. J., & Wallace, S. T. (1994). Perfectionism in an interpersonal context: A self-regulation analysis of dysphoria and social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18, 297-316.
3. Alden, L. E., & Wallace, S. T. (1991). Social standards and social withdrawal. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 85-100.
4. Alden, L. E., & Wallace, S. T. (1995). Social phobia and social appraisal in successful and unsuccessful social interactions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 497-505.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
6. Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
7. Battersby, M. (2000). Response to "Does reducing safety behaviours improve treatment response in patients with social phobia?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 871-872.
8. Beck, A. T., & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books.
9. Bögels, S. M., Alberts, M., & de Jong, P. J. (1996). Self-consciousness, self-focused attention, blushing propensity, and fear of blushing. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 573-581.
10. Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49-58.
11. Clark, D. M. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia. In W. R. Crozier & L. E. Alden (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness (pp. 405-430). New York: Wiley & Sons.
12. Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., McManus, F., Hackman, A., Fennell, M., Campbell, H., et al. (2003). Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 1058-1067.
13. Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York: Guilford Press.
14. DiNardo, P. A., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-Lifetime Version. Boulder, CO: Graywind.
15. Feske, U., & Chambless, D. L. (1995). Cognitive behavioral versus exposure only treatment for social phobia: A meta-analysis. Behavior Therapy, 26, 695-720.
16. Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1996). Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 433-439.
17. Gelernter, C. S., Uhde, T. W., Cimbolic, P., Arnkoff, D. B., Vittone, B. J., Tancer, M. E., et al. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments of social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 938-945.
18. Glasgow, R. E., & Arkowitz, H. (1975). The behavioral assessment of male and female social competence in dyadic interactions. Behavior Therapy, 6, 488-498.
19. Hackmann, A., Clark, D. M., & McManus, F. (2000). Recurrent images and early memories in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 601-610.
20. Hackmann, A., Surawy, C., & Clark, D. M. (1998). Seeing yourself through others' eyes: A study of spontaneously occurring images in social phobia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 3-12.
21. Harvey, A. G., Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., & Rapee, R. M. (2000). Social anxiety and self-impression: Cognitive preparation enhances the beneficial effects of video feedback following a stressful social task. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 1183-1192.
22. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
23. Heckhausen, L. M. (1991). Motivation and action. Berlin: Springer.
24. Heimberg, R. G. (1991). Cognitive behavioral treatment of social phobia in a group setting: A treatment manual. Unpublished manuscript, Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, State University of New York at Albany.
25. Heimberg, R. G., Becker, R. E., Goldfinger, K., & Vermilyea, J. A. (1985). Treatment of social phobia by exposure, cognitive restructuring, and homework assignments. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173, 236-245.
26. Heimberg, R. G., Dodge, C. S., Hope, D. A., Kennedy, C. R., et al. (1990). Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Comparison with a credible placebo control. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 14, 1-23.
27. Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., et al. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs. phenelzine therapy for social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 1133-1141.
28. Heimberg, R. G., Salzman, D., Holt, C. S., & Blendell, K. (1993). Cognitive behavioral group treatment of social phobia: Effectiveness at 5-year follow-up. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 325-339.
29. Heinrichs, N., & Hofmann, S. G. (2001). Information processing in social phobia: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 751-770.
30. Hiemisch, A., Ehlers, A., & Westermann, R. (2002). Mindsets in social anxiety: A new look at selective information processing. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 33, 103-114.
31. Hirsch, C. R., Clark, D. M., Matthews, A., & Williams, R. (2003). Self-images play a causal role in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 909-921.
32. Hirsch, C. R., & Matthews, A. (2000). Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 705-712.
33. Hofmann, S. G. (2000a). Self-focused attention before and after treatment of social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 717-725.
34. Hofmann, S. G. (2000b). Treatment of social phobia: Potential mediators and moderators. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 3-16.
35. Hofmann, S. G. (2004). Cognitive mediation of treatment change in social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 392-399.
36. Hofmann, S. G., & Barlow, D. H. (2002). Social phobia (social anxiety disorder). In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed., pp. 454-476). New York: Guilford Press.
37. Hofmann, S. G., Ehlers, A., & Roth, W. T. (1995). Conditioning theory: A model for the etiology of public speaking anxiety? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 567-571.
38. Hofmann, S. G., Moscovitch, D. A., Kim, H.-J., & Taylor, A. N. (2004). Changes in self-perception during treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 588-596.
39. Kim, H-Y., Lundh, L.-G., & Harvey, A. G. (2002). The enhancement of video feedback by cognitive preparation in the treatment of social anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 33, 19-37.
40. Leary, M. R. (2001). Social anxiety as an early warning system: A refinement and extension of the self-presentation theory. In S. G. Hofmann & P. M. DiBartolo (Eds.), From social anxiety to social phobia: Multiple perspectives (pp. 321-334). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
41. Leung, A. W., & Heimberg, R. H. (1996). Homework compliance, perceptions of control, and outcome of cognitive-behavioral treatment of social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 423-432.
42. Lundh, L. G., & Sperling, M. (2002). Social anxiety and the post-event processing of socially distressing events. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 31, 129-134.
43. Mansell, W., & Clark, D. M. (1999). How do I appear to others? Social anxiety and processing of the social self. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 419-434.
44. Mattick, R. P., & Peters, L. (1988). Treatment of severe social phobia: Effects of guided exposure with and without cognitive restructuring. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 251-260.
45. McManus, F., Clark, D. M., & Hackmann, A. (2000). Specificity of cognitive biases in social phobia and their role in recovery. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 201-209.
46. Mellings, M. B., & Alden, L. E. (2000). Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination, and anticipatory processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 243-257.
47. Morgan, H., & Raffle, C. (1999). Does reducing safety behaviours improve treatment response in patients with social phobia? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 503-510.
48. Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behavior Therapy, 25, 503-517.
49. Norton, P. J., & Hope, D. A. (2001). Kernels of truth or distorted perceptions: Self and observer ratings of social anxiety and performance. Behavior Therapy, 32, 765-786.
50. Rachman, S., Grüter-Andrew, J., & Shafran, R. (2000). Post-event processing in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 611-617.
51. Rapee, R. M., & Hayman, K. (1996). The effects of video feedback on the self-evaluation of performance in socially anxious subjects. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 315-322.
52. Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756.
53. Rapee, R. M, & Lim, L. (1992). Discrepancy between self-and observer ratings of performance social phobies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 728-731.
54. Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D. M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 991-1007.
55. Stopa, L., & Clark, D. M. (1993). Cognitive processes in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 255-267.
56. Stravynski, A., & Amado, D. (2001). Social phobia as a deficit in social skills. In S. G. Hofmann & P. M. DiBartolo (Eds.), From social anxiety to social phobia: Multiple perspectives (pp. 107-129). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
57. Trower, P., & Gilbert, P. (1989). New theoretical conceptions of social anxiety and social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 19-35.
58. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. V., & Stanley, M. A. (1989). An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 35-40.
59. Wallace, S. T., & Alden, L. E. (1991). A comparison of social standards and perceived ability in anxious and nonanxious men. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 237-254.
60. Wallace, S. T., & Alden, L. E. (1995). Social anxiety and standard setting following social success or failure. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 613-631.
61. Wells, A., Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J., Hackmann, A., & Gelder, M. (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26, 153-161.
62. Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (1998). Social phobia: Effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking. Behavior Therapy, 29, 357-370.
63. Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (2001). Social phobic interoception: Effects of bodily information on anxiety, beliefs and self-processing. Behavior Therapy, 39, 1-11.
64. Woody, S. R. (1996). Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 61-69.