Simultaneous observations of magnetopause flux transfer events and of their associated signatures at ionospheric altitudes

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 2181-2199

  McWilliams, K A ^a   Sofko, G J ^a   Yeoman, T K ^b   Milan, S E ^b   Sibeck, D G ^c,g   Nagai, T ^d   Mukai, T ^e   Coleman, I J ^f   Hori, T ^g   Rich, F J ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^d TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^e JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY   (Japan)

^f BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^g JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles, precipitating; magnetosphere ionosphere interactions); Space plasma physics (magnetic reconnection)

Indexed keywords

IONOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE;

EID: 3242876853     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-22-2181-2004     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Coleman, I. J., Chisham, G., Pinnock, M., and Freeman, M. P.: An ionospheric convection signature of antiparallel reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28 995-29 007, 2001.
2. Cowley, S. W. H.: The causes of convection in the Earth's magnetisphere: A review of developments during IMS, Rev. Geophys., 20, 531-565, 1982.
3. Cowley, S. W. H. and Lockwood, M.: Excitation and decay of solar wind-driven flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, Ann. Geophys., 10, 103-115, 1992.
4. Crooker, N. U.: Dayside merging cusp geometry, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 951-959, 1979.
5. Davies, J. A., Yeoman, T. K., Rae, I. J., Milan, S. E., Lester, M., Lockwood, M., and McWilliams, A.: Joint CUTLASS Finland and EISCAT VHF radar observations of the ionospheric signatures of dayside transient reconnection, Ann. Geophys., 20, 781-794, 2002.
6. Dungey, J. W.: Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones, Phys. Rev. Lett., 6, 47-48, 1961.
7. Elphic, R. C., Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., and Sandholt, P. E.: Flux transfer events at the magnetopause and in the ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2241-2244, 1990.
8. Farrugia, C. J., Elphic, R. C., Southwood, D. J., and Cowley, S. W. H.: Field and flow perturbations outside the reconnected field line region in flux transfer events: Theory, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 227-240, 1987.
9. Feldstein, Y. I. and Starkov, G. V.: Dynamic of auroral belt and polar geomagnetic disturbances, Planet. Space Sci., 15, 209-229, 1967.
10. Goertz, C. K., Nielsen, E., Korth, A., Glassmeier, K.-H., Haldoupis, C., Hoeg, P., and Hayward, D.: Observations of a possible ground signature of flux transfer events, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4069-4078, 1985.
11. Greenwald, R. A., Baker, K. B., Dudeney, J. R., Pinnock, M., Jones, T. B., Thomas, E. C., Villain, J.-P., Cerisier, J.-C., Senior, C., Hanuise, C., Hunsucker, R. D., Sotko, G., Koehler, J., Nielsen, E., Pellinen, R., and Walker, A. D. M.: DARN/SuperDARN: a gloval view of the dynamics of high-latitude convection, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 761-796, 1995.
12. Haerendel, G., Paschmann, G., Sckopke, N., Rosenbauer, H., and Hedgecock, P. C.: The frontside boundary layer of the magnetosphere and the problem of reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3195-3216, 1978.
13. Hardy, D. A., Schmitt, L. K., Gussenhoven, F. J., Yeh, H. C., Schumaker, T. L., Hube, A., and Pantazis, J.: Precipitating electron and ion detectors SSJ/4 for the block 5D/flights 6-10 DMSP satellites, Report AFGL-TR-84-0317, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Mass., USA, 1985.
14. Kawano, H. and Russell, C. T: Survey of flux transfer events observed with the isee I spacecraft: Dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11 307-11 313, 1997.
15. Khan, H. and Cowley, S. W. H.: Observations of the response time of high-latitude ionospheric convection to variations in the interplanetary magnetic field using EISCAT and IMP-8 data, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1306-1335, 1999.
16. Kokobun, S., Yamamoto, T., Acuna, M. H., Hayashi, K., Shiokawa, K., and Kawano, H.: The Geotail magnetic field instrument, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 46, 7-21, 1994.
17. Kuo, H., Russell, C. T., and Lee, G.: Statistical studies of flux transfer events, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3513-3519, 1995.
18. Lockwood, M. and Smith, M. F.: The variation of reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause and cusp ion precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14 841-14 847, 1992.
19. Lockwood, M. and Wild, M. N.: On the quasi-periodic nature of magnetopause flux transfer events, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5935-5940, 1993.
20. Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Smith, M. F., Rijnbeek, R. P., and Elphic, R. C.: The contribution of flux transfer events to convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1185-1188, 1995.
21. Lockwood, M., Fazakerley, A., Opgenoorth, H., Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., Dunlop, M., Bosqued, J.-M., Lu, G., Cully, C., Eglitis, P., McCrea, I. W., Hapgood, M. A., Wild, M. N., Stamper, R., Denig, W., Taylor, M., Wild, J. A., Provan, G., Amm, O., Kauristie, K., Pulkkinen, T., Stromme, A., Prikryl, P., Pitout, F, Balogh, A., Reme, H., Behlke, R., Hansen, T., Greenwald, R., Frey, H., Morley, S. K., Alcayde, D., Blelly, P.-L., Donovan, E., Engebretson, M., Lester, M., Watermann, J., and Marcucci, M. F.: Coordinated Cluster and ground-based instrument observations of transient changes in the magnetopause boundary layer during an interval of predominantly northward IMF: Relation to reconnection pulses and FTE signatures, Ann. Geophys., 19, 1613-1640, 2001a.
22. Lockwood, M., Opgenoorth, H., van Eyken, A. P., Fazakerley, A., Bosqued, J.-M., Denig, W., Wild, J. A., Cully, C., Greenwald, R., Lu, G., Amm, O., Frey, H., Strøomme, A., Prikryl, P., Hapgood, M. A., Wild, M. N., Stamper, R., Taylor, M., McCrea, I., Kauristie, K., Pulkkinen, T., Pitout, F., Balogh, A., Dunlop, M., Reme, H., Behlke, R., Hansen, T., Provan, G., Eglitis, P., Morley, S. K., Alcayd, D., Blelly, P.-L., Moen, J., Donovan, E., Engebretson, M., Watermann, M. L. J., and Marcucci, M. F.: Coordinated Cluster, ground-based instrumentation and low-altitude satellite observations of transient poleward-moving events in the ionosphere and in the tail lobe, Ann. Geophys., 19, 1589-1612, 2001b.
23. McWilliams, K. A., Yeoman, T. K., and Provan, G.: A statistical survey of dayside pulsed ionospheric flows as seen by the CUTLASS Finland HF radar, Ann. Geophys., 18, 445-453, 2000.
24. McWilliams, K. A., Yeoman, T. K., and Cowley, S. W. H.: Two-dimensional electric field measurements in the ionospheric footprint of a flux transfer event, Ann. Geophys., 18, 1584-1598, 2001a.
25. McWilliams, K. A., Yeoman, T. K., Sigwarth, J. B., Frank, L. A., and Brittnacher, M.: IMF By dependence of the relative position of the dayside ultraviolet auroral oval and the HF radar cusp, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29 027-29 036, 2001b.
26. Milan, S. E., Yeoman, T. K., and Lester, M.: The dayside auroral zone as a hard target for coherent HF radars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3717-3720, 1998.
27. Milan, S. E., Lester, M., Cowley, S. W. H., and Brittnacher, M.: Convection and auroral response to a southward turning of the IMF: Polar UVI, CUTLASS and IMAGE signatures of transient amgnetic flux transfer at the magnetopause, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15 741-15 756, 2000.
28. Mukai, T, Machida, S., Saito, Y., Hirahara, M., Terasawa, T, Kaya, N., Obara, T, Ejiri, M., and Nishida, A.: The low energy particle (LEP) experiment onboard the Geotail satellite, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 46, 669-692, 1994.
29. Neudegg, D. A., Yeoman, T. K., Cowley, S. W. H., Provan, G., Haerendel, G., Baumjohann, W., Auster, U., Fornacon, K.-H., Georgescu, E., and Owen, C. J.: A flux transfer event observed at the magnetopause by the Equator-S spacecraft and in the ionosphere by the CUTLASS HF radar, Ann. Geophys., 17, 707-711, 1999.
30. Neudegg, D. A., Cowley, S. W. H., McWilliams, K. A., Lester, M., Sigwarth, J., Haerendel, G., Baumjohann, W., Auster, U., Fornacon, K.-H., and Georgescu, E.: The UV aurora and ionospheric flows during flux transfer events, Ann. Geophys., 19, 179-188, 2001.
31. Newell, P. T. and Meng, C.-I.: Mapping the dayside ionosphere to the magnetosphere according to particle precipitation characteristics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 609-612, 1992.
32. Newell, P. T., Burke, W. J., Sanchez, E. R., Meng, C.-I., Greenspan, M. E., and Clauer, C. R.: The low-latitude boundary layer and the boundary plasma sheet at low altitude: Prenoon precipitation regions and convection reversal boundaries, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 21 013-21 023, 1991.
33. Peredo, M., Slavin, J. A., Mazur, E., and Curtis, S. A.: Three-dimensional position and shape of the bow shock and their variation with Alfvenic, sonic and magnetosonic Mach numbers and interplanetary magnetic field orientation, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7907-7916, 1995.
34. Pinnock, M., Rodger, A. S., Dudeney, J. R., Rich, F., and Baker, K. B.: High spatial and temporal resolution observations of the ionospheric cusp, Ann. Geophys., 13, 919-925, 1995.
35. Provan, G., Yeoman, T. K., and Milan, S. E.: CUTLASS Finland radar observations of the ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events and the resulting plasma flows, Ann. Geophys., 16, 1411-1422, 1998.
36. Rich, F. J. and Hairston, M.: Large scale convection patterns observed by DMSP, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3827-3844, 1994.
37. Rijnbeek, R. P., Cowley, S. W. H., Southwood, D. J., and Russell, C. T.: A survey of dayside flux transfer events observed by ISEE 1 and 2 magnetometers, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 786-800, 1984.
38. Rogers, A. S., Coleman, I. J., and Pinnock, M.: Some comments on transient and steady-state reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1359-1362, 2000.
39. Ruohoniemi, J. M. and Baker, K. B.: Large-scale imaging of the high-latitude convection with Super Dual Auroral Radar Network HF radar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20 797-20 811, 1998.
40. Ruohoniemi, J. M. and Greenwald, R. A.: Statistical patterns of high-latitude convection obtained from Goose Bay HF radar observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21 743-21 763, 1996.
41. Russell, C. T. and Elphic, R. C.: Initial ISEE magnetometer results: Magnetopause observations, Space Sci. Rev., 22, 681-715, 1978.
42. Russell, C. T. and Elphic, R. C.: ISEE observations of flux transfer events at the dayside magnetopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 33-36, 1979.
43. Saunders, M.: Recent ISEE observations of the magnetopause and low-latitude boundary layer: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 52, 190-198, 1983.
44. Shue, J.-H., Chao, J. K., Fu, H. C., Russell, C. T., Song, P., Khurana, K. K., and Singer, H. J.: A new functional form to study the solar wind control of the magnetopause size and shape, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9497-9511, 1997.
45. Smith, M. F, Lockwood, M., and Cowley, S. W. H.: The statistical cusp: A flux transfer event model, Planet. Space Sci., 40, 1251-1268, 1992.
46. Sofko, G. J., Greenwald, R. A., Korth, A., and Kremser, G.: STARE ionospheric electron flows during the August 28/78 GEOS-2 magnetopause crossing, Proceedings of Magnetospheric Boundary Layers Conference, Alpbach, 11-15 June 1979, ESA SP-148, 183-185, 1979.
47. Sofko, G. J., Korth, A., and Kremser, G.: The August 28, 1979, storm: 1. GEOS 2 observations of the initial magnetopause crossings and STARE observations near the ionospheric convection reversal, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 1449-1457, 1985.
48. Sonnerup, B. U. O.: On the stress balance in flux transfer events, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8613-8620, 1987.
49. Sonnerup, B. U. O. and Scheible, M.: Minimum and maximum variance analysis, Analysis Methods for Multi-Spacecraft Data, edited by Paschmann, G. and Daly, P. W., International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland, 185-220, 1998.
50. Southwood, D. J.: Theoretical aspects of ionosphere-magnetosphere-solar wind coupling, Adv. Space Res., 5, 7-14, 1985.
51. Southwood, D. J.: The ionospheric signature of flux transfer events, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 3207-3213, 1987.
52. Southwood, D. J., Farrugia, C. J., and Saunders, M. A.: What are flux transfer events?, Planet. Space Sci., 36, 503-508, 1988.
53. Spreiter, J. R. and Stahara, S. S.: A new predictive model for determining solar wind-terrestrial planet interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6769-6777, 1980.
54. Tsyganenko, N. A. and Stem, D. P.: Modeling the global magnetic field of the large-scale Birkeland current systems, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27 187-27 198, 1996.
55. Weimer, D. R.: Models of high-latitude electric potentials derived with a least error fit of spherical harmonic coefficients, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19 595-19 607, 1995.
56. Wild, J. A., Cowley, S. W. H., Davies, J. A., Khan, H., Lester, M., Milan, S. E., Provan, G., Yeoman, T. K., Balogh, A., Dunlop, M, W., Fornacon, K.-H., and Georgescu, E.: First simultaneous observations of flux transfer events at the high-latitude magnetopause by the Cluster spacecraft and pulsed radar signatures in the conjugate ionosphere by the CUTLASS and EISCAT radars, Ann. Geophys., 19, 1491-1508, 2001.