Preservation and evaluation of semen for artificial insemination

Reproduction, Fertility and Development

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 447-454

  Gillan, Lindsay ^a   Maxwell, W M Chis ^a   Evans, Gareth ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Frozen storage; Liquid storage; Small ruminant; Spermatozoa

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; BOVIDS; CELL VIABILITY; CRYOPRESERVATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; FERTILIZATION; MALE; MALE FERTILITY; NONHUMAN; SPERM PRESERVATION; SPERMATOZOON; SPERMATOZOON CAPACITATION; SPERMATOZOON COUNT; SPERMATOZOON MIGRATION; SPERMATOZOON MOTILITY; SPERMATOZOON PENETRATION;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL; MALE; SEMEN PRESERVATION; SPERM CAPACITATION;

EID: 3242800531     PISSN: 10313613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/RD04034     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Arav, A., Zeron, Y., Shturman, H., and Gacitua, H. (2002). Successful pregnancies in cows following double freezing of a large volume of semen. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42, 583-586. doi:10.1051/RND:2002044
2. Ballachey, B. E., Evenson, D. P., and Saacke, R. G. (1988). The sperm chromatin structure assay. Relationship with alternate tests of semen quality and heterospermic performance of bulls. J. Androl. 9, 109-115.
3. Benchaib, M., Braun, V., Lornage, J., Hadj, S., Salle, B., Lejeune, H., and Guérin, J. F. (2003). Sperm DNA fragmentation decreases the pregnancy rate in an assisted reproductive technique. Hum. Reprod. 18, 1023-1028. doi:10.1093/HUMREP/DEG228
4. Bernstein, A. D., and Petropavlovsky, V. V. (1937). Effect of non-electrolytes on viability of spermatozoa. Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med. 3, 41-43. [In Russian]
5. Byers, A. P., Hunter, A. G., Seal, U. S., Binczik, G. A., Graham, E. F., Reindl, N. J., and Tilson, R. L. (1989). In vitro induction of capacitation of fresh and frozen spermatozoa of the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris). J. Reprod. Fertil. 86, 599-607. doi:10.1530/JRF.0.0860599
6. Carrell, D. T., Liu, L., Peterson, C. M., Jones, K. P., Hatasaka, H. H., Erickson, L., and Campbell, R. (2003). Sperm DNA fragmentation is increased in couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Arch. Androl. 49, 49-55.
7. Clarke, R. N., and Johnson, L. A. (1987). Effect of liquid nitrogen storage and cryopreservation of boar spermatoa on acrosomal integrity and the penetration of zona-free ova in vitro. Gamete Res. 16, 193-204.
8. Colas, G. (1979). Fertility in the ewe after artificial insemination with fresh and frozen semen at the induced oestrus, and influence of the photoperiod on the semen quality of the ram. Livest. Prod. Sci. 6, 153-166. doi:10.1016/0301-6226(79)90017-4
9. Collin, S., Sirard, M. A., Dufour, M., and Bailey, J. L. (2000). Sperm calcium levels and chlortetracycline fluorescence patterns are related to the in vivo fertility of cryopreserved bovine semen. J. Androl. 21, 938-943.
10. Cormier, N., and Bailey, J. L. (2003). A differential mechanism is involved during heparin- and cryopreservation-induced capacitation of bovine spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod. 69, 177-185.
11. Cormier, N., Sirard, M. A., and Bailey, J. L. (1997). Premature capacitation of bovine spermatozoa is initiated by cryopreservation. J. Androl. 18, 461-468.
12. Courtens, J. L., and Paquignon, M. (1985). Ultrastructure of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa of the boar. In 'Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Deep Freezing of Boar Semen, Uppsala, Sweden, August 25-27, 1985'. (Eds L. A. Johnson and K. Larsson.) pp. 61-87. (The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences: Uppsala, Sweden.)
13. Courtens, J. L., Ekwall, H., Paquignon, M., and Ploen, L. (1989). Preliminary study of water and some element contents in boar spermatozoa, before, during and after freezing. J. Reprod. Fertil. 87, 613-626. doi:10.1530/JRF.0.0870613
14. Critser, J. K., Arrieson, B. W., Aaker, D. V., Huse-Benda, A. R., and Ball, G. D. (1987). Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. II Post-thaw chronology of motility and of zona-free hamster ova penetration. Fertil. Steril. 47, 980-984.
15. De Pauw, I. M., Van Soom, A., Laevens, H., Verberckmoes, S., and de Kruif, A. (2002). Sperm binding to epithelial oviduct explants in bulls with different non return rates investigated with a new in vitro model. Biol. Reprod. 67, 1073-1079.
16. Duran, E. H., Morshedi, M., Taylor, S., and Oehninger, S. (2002). Sperm DNA quality predicts intrauterine insemination outcome: a prospective cohort study. Hum. Reprod. 17, 3122-3128. doi:10.1093/HUMREP/17.12.3122
17. Eppleston, J., Evans, G., and Roberts, E. M. (1991). Effect of time of PMSG and GnRH on the time of ovulation, LH secretion and reproductive performance after intrauterine insemination with frozen ram semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 26, 227-237. doi:10.1016/0378-4320(91)90049-6
18. Evenson, D. P., Darzynkiewicz, Z., and Melamed, M. R. (1980). Relation of mammalian sperm chromatin heterogeneity to fertility. Science 210, 1131-1133.
19. Evenson, D. P., Thompson, L., and Jost, L. (1994). Flow cytometric evaluation of boar semen by the sperm chromatin structure assay as related to cryopreservation and fertility. Theriogenology 41, 637-651. doi:10.1016/0093-691X(94)90174-H
20. Evenson, D., Jost, L., Marshall, D., Zinaman, M., Clegg, E., Purvis, K., de Angelis, P., and Claussen, O. (1999). Utility of the sperm chromatin structure assay as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in the human fertility clinic. Hum. Reprod. 14, 1039-1049. doi: 10.1093/HUMPREP/14.4.1039
21. Farrell, P. B., Presicce, G. A., Brockett, C. C., and Foote, R. H. (1998). Quantification of bull sperm characteristics measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and the relationship to fertility. Theriogenology 49, 871-879. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(98) 00036-3
22. Fuller, S. J., and Whittingham, D. G. (1997). Capacitation-like changes occur in mouse spermatozoa cooled to low temperatures. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46, 318-324. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199703) 46:3<318::AID-MRD10>3.0.CO;2-V
23. Garde, J., Gutiérrez, A., Artiga, C. G., and Vázquez, I. (1993). Influence of freezing process on in vitro capacitation of ram semen. Theriogenology 39, 225. [Abstract] doi:10.1016/0093-691X(93)90080-O
24. Gillan, L., and Maxwell, W. M. C. (1999). The functional integrity and fate of cryopreserved ram spermatozoa in the female tract. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 54, 271-283.
25. Gillan, L., Evans, G., and Maxwell, W. M. C. (1997). The capacitation status and fertility of fresh and frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 9, 481-487. doi:10.1071/R96046
26. Gillan, L., Skovgold, K., Watson, P. F., Maxwell, W. M. C., and Evans, G. (1999). Fate and functional integrity of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa following intrauterine insemination. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 11, 309-315. doi:10.1071/RD99074
27. Gillan, L., Evans, G., and Maxwell, W. M. C. (2000). The interaction of fresh and frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa with oviducal epithelial cells in vitro. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 12, 237-244.
28. Gravance, C. G., White, C., Robertson, K. R., Champion, Z. J., and Casey, P. J. (1997). The effects of cryopreservation on the morphometric dimensions of caprine sperm heads. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 49, 37-43. doi:10.1016/S0378-4320(97)00053-5
29. Gravance, C. G., Vishwanath, R., Pitt, C., Garner, D. L., and Casey, P. J. (1998). Effects of cryopreservation on bull sperm head morphometry. J. Androl. 19, 704-709.
30. Green, C. E., and Watson, P. F. (2001). Comparison of the capacitation-like state of cooled boar spermatozoa with true capacitation. Reproduction 122, 889-898.
31. Harrison, R. A. (1996). Capacitation mechanisms, and the role of capacitation as seen in eutherian mammals. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 8, 581-594.
32. Harrison, R. A., and White, I. G. (1972). Glycolytic enzymes in the spermatozoa and cytoplasmic droplets of bull, boar and ram, and their leakage after shock. J. Reprod. Fertil. 30, 105-115.
33. Hunter, R. H., and Nichol, R. (1983). Transport of spermatozoa in the sheep oviduct: preovulatory sequestering of cells in the caudal isthmus. J. Exp. Zool. 228, 121-128.
34. Hunter, R. H., and Nichol, R. (1986). Post-ovulatory progression of viable spermatozoa in the sheep oviduct and the influence of multiple mating on their pre-ovulatory distribution. Br. Vet. J. 142, 52-58.
35. Hunter, R. H., and Wilmut, I. (1984). Sperm transport in the cow: periovulatory redistribution of viable cells within the oviduct. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 24, 597-608.
36. Januskauskas, A., Johannisson, A., and Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (2001). Assessment of sperm quality through fluorometry and sperm chromatin structure assay in relation to field fertility of frozen-thawed semen from Swedish AI bulls. Theriogenology 55, 947-961. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00456-3
37. Januskauskas, A., Johannisson, A., and Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (2003). Subtle membrane changes in cryopreserved bull semen in relation with sperm viability, chromatin structure, and field fertility. Theriogenology 60, 743-758. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00050-5
38. Karabinus, D. S., Evenson, D. P., Jost, L. K., and Baer, R. K. (1990). Comparison of semen quality in young and mature Holstein bulls measured by light microscopy and flow cytometry. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 2364-2371.
39. Lambert, H., Citino, S., Collazo, I., and Jeyendran, R. S. (1991). Penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes by ejaculated cryopreserved gorilla spermatozoa. Fertil. Steril. 56, 1201-1203.
40. Langford, G. A., Marcus, G. J., Hackett, A. J., Ainsworth, J., Wolynetz, M. S., and Peters, H. F. (1979). A comparison of fresh and frozen semen in the insemination of confined sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 59, 685-691.
41. Leboeuf, B., Restall, B., and Salamon, S. (2000). Production and storage of goat semen for artificial insemination. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 62, 113-141. doi:10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00156-1
42. Lightfoot, R. J., and Salamon, S. (1970). Fertility of ram spermatozoa frozen by the pellet method. II. The effects of method of insemination on fertilization and embryonic mortality. J. Reprod. Fertil. 22, 399-408.
43. Lopyrin, A. I. (1971). 'Biology of Reproduction in Sheep.' (Kolos: Moscow, Russia.) [In Russian]
44. Lopyrin, A. I., and Loginova, N. V. (1958). Method of freezing ram semen. Ovtsevodstvo 8, 31-34. [In Russian]
45. Lopyrin, A. I., and Rabocev, V. K. (1968). The optimum time to use preserved semen. Ovtsevodstvo 14, 20-22. [In Russian]
46. Love, C. C., and Kenney, R. M. (1998). The relationship of increased susceptibility of sperm DNA to denaturation and fertility in the stallion. Theriogenology 50, 955-972. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(98) 00199-X
47. Mann, T., and Lutwak-Mann, C. (1981). 'Male Reproductive Function and Semen: Themes and Trends In Physiology, Biochemistry, and Investigative Andrology.' (Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany.)
48. Mattner, P. E., Entwistle, K. W., and Martin, I. C. A. (1969). Passage, survival and fertility of deep-frozen ram semen in the genital tract of the ewe. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 22, 181-187.
49. Maxwell, W. M. C. (1986). Artificial insemination of ewes with frozen-thawed semen at a synchronised oestrus. I. Effect of time on onset of oestrus, ovulation and insemination on fertility. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 10, 301-308. doi:10.1016/0378-4320(86)90005-9
50. Maxwell, W. M. C., and Johnson, L. A. (1997). Chlortetracycline analysis of boar spermatozoa after incubation, flow cytometric sorting, cooling, or cryopreservation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46, 408-418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199703)46:3<408::AID-MRD21>3.0.CO;2-T
51. Maxwell, W. M. C., and Salamon, S. (1993). Liquid storage of ram semen: a review. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 5, 613-638.
52. Maxwell, W. M. C., Evans, G., Mortimer, S. T., Gillan, L., Gellatly, E. S., and McPhie, C. A. (1999). Normal fertility in ewes after cervical insemination with frozen-thawed spermatozoa supplemented with seminal plasma. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 11, 123-126. doi:10.1071/RD99046
53. Moruzzi, J. F., Wyrobek, A. J., Mayall, B. H., and Gledhill, B. L. (1988). Quantification and classification of human sperm morphology by computer-assisted image analysis. Fertil. Steril. 50, 142-152.
54. Moses, D. F., de las Heras, M. A., Valcarcel, A., Perez, L., and Baldassarre, H. (1995). Use of computerized motility analyzer for the evaluation of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. Andrologia 27, 25-29.
55. Parrish, J. J., Susko-Parrish, J., Winer, M. A., and First, N. L. (1988). Capacitation of bovine sperm by heparin. Biol. Reprod. 38, 1171-1180.
56. Pérez, L. J., Valcárcel, A., de las Heras, M. A., Moses, D. F., and Baldassarre, H. (1996). In vitro capacitation and induction of acrosomal exocytosis in ram spermatozoa as assessed by the chlortetracycline assay. Theriogenology 45, 1037-1046.
57. Phillips, P. H. (1939). Preservation of bull semen. J. Biol. Chem. 130, 415.
58. Platov, E. M. (1983). An important factor affecting ewe fertility. Ovtsevodstvo 5, 57-63. [In Russian]
59. Polge, C., Smith, A. U., and Parkes, A. S. (1949). Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperatures. Nature 164, 666.
60. Rabocev, V. K. (1965). Comparison of the fertilizing ability of ram semen preserved by different methods for various times. Ovtsevodastvo 11, 14-16. [In Russian]
61. Royere, D., Hamamah, S., Nicolle, J. C., Barthelemy, C., and Lansac, J. (1988). Freezing and thawing alter chromatin stability of ejaculated human spermatozoa: fluorescence acridine orange staining and Feulgen-DNA cytophotometric studies. Gamete Res. 21, 51-57.
62. Sailer, B. L., Jost, L. K., and Evenson, D. P. (1995). Mammalian sperm DNA susceptibility to in situ denaturation associated with the presence of DNA strand breaks as measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay. J. Androl. 16, 80-87.
63. Salamon, S., and Maxwell, W. M. C. (1995a). Frozen storage of ram semen. I. Processing, freezing, thawing and fertility after cervical insemination. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 37, 185-249. doi:10.1016/0378-4320(94)01327-I
64. Salamon, S., and Maxwell, W. M. C. (1995b). Frozen storage of ram semen. II. Causes of low fertility after cervical insemination and methods of improvement. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 38, 1-36. doi:10.1016/0378-4320(94)01328-J
65. Salamon, S., and Maxwell, W. M. C. (2000). Storage of ram semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 62, 77-111. doi:10.1016/S0378-4320 (00)00155-X
66. Salamon, S., Maxwell, W. M. C., and Firth, J. H. (1979). Fertility of ram semen after storage at 5°C. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2, 373-385. doi:10.1016/0378-4320(79)90024-1
67. Salamon, S., Gillan, L., Evans, G., and Maxwell, W. M. C. (2004). Fertility of ram semen after 35 years of frozen storage. In 'Proceedings of the International Congress of Animal Reproduction, Porto Seguro, Brazil, August 2004'. (In press.)
68. Smith, D. H., Walker, S. K., and Seamark, R. F. (1986). Synchronisation of timing of ovulation in the artificial insemination of sheep. In 'Proceedings of the Australian Society for Reproductive Biology, Brisbane, Australia, August 31-September 3, 1986'. p. 16. (Australian Society for Reproductive Biology: Canberra, Australia.) [Abstract]
69. Suzuki, H., Foote, R. H., and Farrell, P. B. (1997). Computerized imaging and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of co-cultured fresh and frozen bovine sperm. J. Androl. 18, 217-226.
70. Thompson, L. A., Brook, P. F., Warren, M. A., Barran, C. L., and Cooke, I. D. (1994). A morphometric comparison of the nuclear morphology of fresh and frozen-thawed human zona-bound and unbound sperm. J. Androl. 15, 337-342.
71. Thundathil, J., Gil, J., Januskauskas, A., Larsson, B., Soderquist, L., Mapletoft, R., and Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (1999). Relationship between the proportion of capacitated spermatozoa present in frozen-thawed bull semen and fertility with artificial insemination. Int. J. Androl. 22, 366-373. doi:10.1046/J.1365-2605.1999.00194.X
72. Thurston, L. M., Siggins, K., Mileham, A. J., Watson, P. F., and Holt, W. V. (2002). Identification of amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism markers linked to genes controlling boar sperm viability following cryopreservation. Biol. Reprod. 66, 545-554.
73. Wang, W. H., Niwa, K., and Okuda, K. (1991). In-vitro penetration of pig oocytes matured in culture by frozen-thawed ejaculated spermatozoa. J. Reprod. Fertil. 93, 491-496. doi:10.1530/JRF.0.0930491
74. Watson, P. F. (1979). The preservation of semen in mammals. In 'Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology Vol. 1'. (Ed. C. A. Finn.) p. 283. (Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.)
75. Watson, P. F. (1995). Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 7, 871-891.
76. Wheeler, M. B., and Seidel, G. E. J. (1986). Time course of in vitro capacitation of frozen and unfrozen bovine spermatozoa. Theriogenology 25, 216. [Abstract] doi:10.1016/0093-691X(86)90270-0
77. Windsor, D. P. (1997). Mitochondrial function and ram sperm fertility. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 9, 279-284. doi:10.1071/R96109
78. Windsor, D. P, and White, I. G. (1995). Mitochondrial injury to ram sperm during procedures associated with artificial insemination or frozen storage. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 40, 43-58. doi:10.1016/0378-4320(95)01416-W
79. Zhang, B. R., Larsson, B., Lundeheim, N., and Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (1998). Sperm characteristics and zona pellucida binding in relation to field fertility of frozen-thawed semen from dairy AI bulls. Int. J. Androl. 21, 207-216. doi:10.1046/J.1365-2605.1998.00114.X