Central memory CD4+ T cell responses in chronic HIV infection are not restored by antiretroviral therapy

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 173, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 2184-2189

  Elrefaei, Mohamed ^a,c   McElroy, Michael D ^a   Preas, Christopher P ^a   Hoh, Rebecca ^b   Deeks, Steven ^b   Martin, Jeffrey ^b   Cao, Huyen ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c VIRAL AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASE LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; MUMPS VACCINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFLUENZA VIRUS A; INFLUENZA VIRUS B; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MEMORY CELL; MUMPS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 3242779194     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2184     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. + effector and memory T cell generation. Nat. Immunol. 4:835.
2. Sallusto, F., D. Lenig, R. Forster, M. Lipp, and A. Lanzavecchia. 1999. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 401:708.
3. + T cells endowed with proliferative capacity. J. Exp. Med. 198:1909.
4. -/- mice. J. Virol. 74:9762.
5. + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) but are not required for the maintenance of CTL memory following virus infection. J. Virol. 72:7440.
6. Von Herrath, M. G., M. Yokoyama, J. Dockter, M. B. Oldstone, and J. L. Whitton. 1996. CD4-deficient mice have reduced levels of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes after immunization and show diminished resistance to subsequent virus challenge. J. Virol. 70:1072.
7. Lane, H. C., J. M. Depper, W. C. Greene, G. Whalen, T. A. Waldmann, and A. S. Fauci. 1985. Qualitative analysis of immune function in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: evidence for a selective defect in soluble antigen recognition. N. Engl. J. Med. 313:79.
8. Lang, W., H. Perkins, R. E. Anderson, R. Royce, N. Jewell, and W. Winkelstein, Jr. 1989. Patterns of T lymphocyte changes with human immunodeficiency virus infection: from seroconversion to the development of AIDS. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 2:63.
9. + T cell subset phenotyping independently predict survival time in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J. Infect. Dis. 172:79.
10. + cell numbers and clinical staging. J. Clin. Invest. 84:1892.
11. Palella, F. J., Jr., K. M. Delaney, A. C. Moorman, M. O. Loveless, J. Fuhrer, G. A. Satten, D. J. Aschman, and S. D. Holmberg. 1998. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection: HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 338:853.
12. Valdez, H., T. K. Chowdhry, R. Asaad, I. J. Woolley, T. Davis, R. Davidson, N. Beinker, B. M. Gripshover, R. A. Salata, G. McComsey, et al. 2001. Changing spectrum of mortality due to human immunodeficiency virus: analysis of 260 deaths during 1995-1999. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32:1487.
13. Mocroft, A., C. Katlama, A. M. Johnson, C. Pradier, F. Antunes, F. Mulcahy, A. Chiesi, A. N. Phillips, O. Kirk, and J. D. Lundgren. 2000. AIDS across Europe, 1994-98: the EuroSIDA study. Lancet 356:291.
14. Mocroft, A., S. Vella, T. L. Benfield, A. Chiesi, V. Miller, P. Gargalianos, A. d'Arminio Monforte, I. Yust, J. N. Bruun, A. N. Phillips, and J. D. Lundgren. 1998. Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1: EuroSIDA Study Group. Lancet 352:1725.
15. Valdez, H. 2002. Immune restoration after treatment of HIV-1 infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). AIDS Rev. 4:157.
16. Kroon, F. P., G. F. Rimmelzwaan, M. T. Roos, A. D. Osterhaus, D. Hamann, F. Miedema, and J. T. van Dissel. 1998. Restored humoral immune response to influenza vaccination in HIV-infected adults treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 12:F217.
17. Valdez, H., K. Y. Smith, A. Landay, E. Connick, D. R. Kuritzkes, H. Kessler, L. Fox, J. Spritzler, J. Roe, M. B. Lederman, et al. 2000. Response to immunization with recall and neoantigens after prolonged administration of an HIV-1 protease inhibitor-containing regimen: ACTG 375 team: AIDS Clinical Trials Group. AIDS 14:11.
18. + T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science 277:112.
19. + T-lymphocyte nadir and the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on phenotypic and functional immune restoration in HIV-1 infection. Clin. Immunol. 102:154.
20. Pakker, N. G., E. D. Kroon, M. T. Roos, S. A. Otto, D. Hall, F. W. Wit, D. Hamann, M. E. van der Ende, F. A. Claessen, R. H. Kauffmann, et al. 1999. Immune restoration does not invariably occur following long-term HIV-1 suppression during antiretroviral therapy: INCAS Study Group. AIDS 13:203.
21. + cell depletion. J. Infect. Dis. 188:1794.
22. + T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 187:1534.
23. Cremer, N. E., C. K. Cossen, G. Shell, J. Diggs, D. Gallo, and N. J. Schmidt. 1985. Enzyme immunoassay versus plaque neutralization and other methods for determination of immune status to measles and varicella-zoster viruses and versus complement fixation for serodiagnosis of infections with those viruses. J. Clin. Microbiol. 21:869.
24. Julkunen, I., M. Kleemola, and T. Hovi. 1984. Serological diagnosis of influenza A and B infections by enzyme immunoassay: comparison with the complement fixation test. J. Virol. Methods 9:7.
25. + T cell frequencies but limits proliferative capacity in chronically infected children. J. Immunol. 170:5786.
26. + T cells is associated with diminished interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and is recovered by exogenous IL-2. J. Virol. 77:10900.
27. Sun, J. C., and M. J. Bevan. 2003. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science 300:339.
28. Shedlock, D. J., and H. Shen. 2003. Requirement for CD4 T cell help in generating functional CD8 T cell memory. Science 300:337.
29. + T cell responses associated with control of viremia. Science 278:1447.
30. Douek, D. C., L. J. Picker, and R. A. Koup. 2003. T cell dynamics in HIV-1 infection. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21:265.
31. Egger, M., M. May, G. Chene, A. N. Phillips, B. Ledergerber, F. Dabis, D. Costagliola, A. D'Arminio Monforte, F. de Wolf, P. Reiss, et al. 2002. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 360:119.
32. + cell strata. Ann. Intern. Med. 138:620.
33. Hogg, R. S., B. Yip, K. J. Chan, E. Wood, K. J. Craib, M. V. O'Shaughnessy, and J. S. Montaner. 2001. Rates of disease progression by baseline CD4 cell count and viral load after initiating triple-drug therapy. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 286:2568.
34. Thorner, A., and E. Rosenberg. 2003. Early versus delayed antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection: a review of the current guidelines from an immunological perspective. Drugs 63:1325.