Sorption and stability of the polycyclic nitramine explosive CL-20 in soil

Journal of Environmental Quality

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 1362-1368

  Balakrishnan, Vimal K ^a   Monteil Rivera, Fanny ^a   Gautier, Mathieu A ^a   Hawari, Jalal ^a  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEGRADATION; DESORPTION; ISOTHERMS; SILICA; SOILS;

ORGANIC MATTERS; TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC);

EXPLOSIVES;

2,4,6,8,10,12 HEXANITRO 2,4,6,8,10,12 HEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE; ALUMINUM SILICATE; CL 20; EXPLOSIVE; FERRIC OXIDE; ILLITE; MINERAL; MONTMORILLONITE; ORGANIC MATTER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUND; POLYCYCLIC NITRAMINE; SILICON DIOXIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ABSORPTION; ALKALINITY; ARTICLE; CANADA; DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; EXPLOSION; HYDROLYSIS; IMMOBILIZATION; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; PH MEASUREMENT; SAND; SOIL ANALYSIS; SOIL POLLUTION; TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON;

EID: 3242777714     PISSN: 00472425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.1362     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Balakrishnan, V.K., A. Halasz, and J. Hawari. 2003. Alkaline hydrolysis of the cyclic nitramine explosives RDX, HMX, and CL-20: New insights into degradation pathways obtained by the observation of novel intermediates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:1838-1843.
2. Boyd, S.A., G. Sheng, B.J. Teppen, and C.T. Johnston. 2001. Mechanisms for the adsorption of substituted nitrobenzenes by smectite clays. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35:4227-4234.
3. Brannon, J.M., C.B. Price, C. Hayes, and S.L. Yost. 2002. Aquifer soil cation substitution and adsorption of TNT, RDX, and HMX. Soil Sediment Contam. 11:327-338.
4. Brindley, G.W. 1981. Structures and chemical compositions of clay minerals. p. 1-21. In F.J. Longstaffe (ed.) Short course in clays and the resource geologist. Mineralogical Assoc. of Canada, Edmonton, AB.
5. Haas, R., I. Schreiber, E. von Low, and G. Stork. 1990. Conception for the investigation of contaminated munition plants. 2. Investigation of former RDX plants and filling stations. Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 338:41-45.
6. Huang, W., H. Yu, and W.J. Weber. 1998. Hysteresis in the sorption and desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants by soils and sediments: 1. A comparative analysis of experimental protocols. J. Contam. Hydrol. 31:129-148.
7. Karapanagioti, H.K., J. Childs, and D.A. Sabatini. 2001. Impacts of heterogeneous organic matter on phenanthrene sorption: Different soil and sediment samples. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35:4684-4690.
8. Leggett, D.C. 1985. Sorption of military explosive contaminants on bentonite drilling muds. CRREL Rep. 85-18. U.S. Army Cold Regions Res. and Eng. Lab., Hanover, NH.
9. Microcal. 1999. Origin Version 6.0. Microcal, Northampton, MA.
10. Monteil-Rivera, F., C. Groom, and J. Hawari. 2003. Sorption and degradation of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine in soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:3878-3884.
11. Monteil-Rivera, F., L. Paquet, S. Deschamps, V.K. Balakrishnan, C. Beaulieu, and J. Hawari. 2004. Physico-chemical measurements of CL-20 for environmental applications. Comparison with RDX and HMX. J. Chromatogr. A 1025:125-132.
12. Myers, T.E., J.M. Brannon, J.C. Pennington, W.M. Davis, K.F. Myers, D.M. Townsend, M.K. Ochman, and C.A. Hayes. 1998. Laboratory studies of soil sorption/transformation of TNT, RDX, and HMX. Tech. Rep. IRRP-98-8. U.S. Army Corps of Eng., Waterways Exp. Stn., Vicksburg, MS.
13. Myler, C.A., and W. Sisk. 1991. Bioremediation of explosives contaminated soil. p. 137-146. In G.S. Sayler, R. Fox, and J.W. Blackburn (ed.) Environmental biotechnology for waste treatment. Plenum Press, New York.
14. Robidoux, P.Y., G.I. Sunahara, K. Savard, Y. Berthelot, S. Dodard, M. Martel, P. Gong, and J. Hawari. 2004. Acute and chronic toxicity of the new explosive CL-20 to the earthworm (Eisenia andrei) exposed to amended natural soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23: 1026-1034.
15. ow correlations. Chemosphere 31:4489-4514.
16. Sheremata, T.W., A. Halasz, L. Paquet, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman, and J. Hawari. 2001. The fate of the cyclic nitramine explosive RDX in natural soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35:1037-1040.
17. Talmage, S.S., D.M. Opresko, C.J. Maxwell, C.J.E. Welsh, F.M. Cretella, P.H. Reno, and F.B. Daniel. 1999. Nitroaromatic munition compounds: Environmental effects and screening values. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 161:1-156.
18. USEPA. 1979. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes-Nitrogen, nitrite. Method 354.1. USEPA, Washington, DC.
19. USEPA. 1997. Nitroaromatics and nitramines by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method 8330 SW-846 Update III Part 4:1 (B). Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
20. Weber, W.J., and F.A. DiGiano. 1996. Energy relationships: Applications to heterogeneous systems. p. 317-421. In Process dynamics in environmental systems. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
21. Weber, W.J., W. Huang, and H. Yu. 1998. Hysteresis in the sorption and desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants by soils and sediments: 2. Effects of soil organic matter heterogeneity. J. Contam. Hydrol. 31:149-165.
22. Xue, S.K., I.K. Iskandar, and H.M. Selim. 1995. Adsorption-desorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in soils. Soil Sci. 160:317-327.
23. Yinon, J. 1990. Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX). p. 145-170. In Toxicity and metabolism of explosives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
24. Zhao, X., and N. Shi. 1996. Crystal and molecular structures of ε-HNIW. Chin. Sci. Bull. 41:574-576.