HIV and pregnancy in Australia

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 197-204

  Giles, Michelle L ^a,c   Mijch, Anne M ^b   Garland, Suzanne M ^c   Grover, Sonia R ^d   Hellard, Margaret E ^e  

^a ROYAL MELBOURNE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c ROYAL WOMEN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^d ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^e BURNET INSTITUTE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Breast feeding; HIV; Pregnancy

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; AMPRENAVIR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BILIRUBIN; DELAVIRDINE; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; INDINAVIR; INSULIN; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; PLACEBO; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SAQUINAVIR; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; VIRUS ANTIBODY; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBODY DETECTION; AUSTRALIA; BIRTH DEFECT; BOTTLE FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CESAREAN SECTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISORDERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG SAFETY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; FETUS DEATH; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEART DISEASE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA; INFANT NUTRITION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; LABOR; LACTIC ACIDOSIS; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MATERNAL CARE; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MONKEY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MYOPATHY; NEUROPATHY; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COUNSELING; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PREMATURITY; PRENATAL SCREENING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; STEATOSIS; STILLBIRTH;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; AUSTRALIA; BREAST FEEDING; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS;

EID: 3242776296     PISSN: 00048666     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2004.00224.x     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. UNAIDS [Internet]. UNAIDS/WHO-AIDS epidemic update - December 2000. Geneva: UNAIDS; [updated Dec 2003; cited Feb 2004]. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/epidemic_update/index.html
2. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmissible Infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2002. Sydney: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, 2002.
3. McDonald AM, Cruickshank M, Ziegler JB, Elliot E, Kaldor J. Perinatal exposure to HIV in Australia, 1982-1994. Med J Aust. 1997; 166: 77-80.
4. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised recommendations for HIV screening of pregnant women. MMWR. 2001; 50: 60-85.
5. Simpson WM, Johnstone FD, Boyd FM, Goldberg DJ, Hart GJ, Prescott RJ. Uptake and acceptability of antenatal HIV testing: randomised controlled trial of different methods of offering the test. BMJ. 1998; 316: 262-267.
6. Bramley D, Graves N, Walker D. The cost effectiveness of universal antenatal screening for HIV in New Zealand. AIDS. 2003; 17: 755-757.
7. Walmsley S. Opt in or opt out: What is optimal for prenatal screening for HIV? Can Med Assoc J. 2003; 168: 707-708.
8. Saada M, Le Chenadec J, Berrebi A et al. Pregnancy and progression to AIDS: results of the French prospective cohorts. AIDS. 2000; 14: 2355-2360.
9. Weisser M, Rudin C, Battagay M, Pfluger D, Kully C, Egger M. Does pregnancy influence the course of HIV infection? Evidence from two large Swiss cohort studies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998; 15: 404-410.
10. Brocklehurst P, French R. The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998; 105: 846-848.
11. Leroy V, Ladner J, Nyiraziraje M et al. Effect of HIV-1 infection on pregnancy outcome in women in Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1994. AIDS. 1998; 12: 643-650.
12. Lambert JS, Watts H, Mofenson L et al. Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation in infants born to HIV-infected pregnant women receiving zidovudine. AIDS. 2000; 14: 1389-1399.
13. Embree JE, Braddick M, Datta P. Lack of correlation of maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection with neonatal malformations. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989; 8: 700-704.
14. The Working Group on Mother To Child Transmission of HIV. Rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa, America and Europe: results of 13 perinatal studies. J. Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995; 8: 506-510.
15. Connor E, Sperling R, Gelber R, Kiselev P, Scott G, O'Sullivan M. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1173-1180.
16. Brocklehurst P. Interventions for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library; Oxford: Update Software, 2002.
17. Ioannidis JPA, Abrams EJ, Ammann A et al. Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by pregnant women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/mL. J Infect Dis. 2001; 183: 539-545.
18. Guay LA, Musoke P, Fleming T et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet. 1999; 354: 795-802.
19. Eshleman SH, Mracna M, Guay LA et al. Selection and fading of resistance mutations in women and infants receiving nevirapine to prevent HIV-1 vertical transmission (HIVNET 012). AIDS. 2001; 15: 1951-1957.
20. The Petra Study Team. Efficacy of three short course regimens of zidovudine and lamivudine in preventing early and late transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child in Tanzania, South Africa, and Uganda (Petra study): a Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Lancet. 2002; 359: 1178-1186.
21. Lorenzi P, Spicher VM, Laubereau B et al. Antiretroviral therapies in pregnancy: maternal, fetal and neonatal effects. Swiss HIV Cohort Study, the Swiss Collaborative HIV and Preganancy Study and the Swiss Neonatal HIV Study. AIDS. 1998; 12: F241-F247.
22. The European Collaborative Study and the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study. Combination antiretroviral therapy and duration of pregnancy. AIDS. 2000; 14: 2913-2920.
23. Tuomala R, Shapiro DE, Mofenson L. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and the risk of an adverse outcome. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1863-1870.
24. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Public. Health Service 2002, Task Force Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1 Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in the United States (no. RR-18). MMWR. 2002; 51: 1-38.
25. Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Steering Committee. Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry International. Interim Report for 1 January 1989 Through 31 January 2002. Wilmington: Registry Coordinating Center, 2002.
26. Hanson IC, Antonelli TA, Sperling RS et al. Lack of tumors in infants with perinatal HIV-1 exposure and fetal/neonatal exposure to zidovudine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1999; 20: 463-467.
27. Olivero CA, Anderson LM, Diwan BA et al. Transplacental effects of 3′-azido-2′3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT): tumorigenicity in mice and genotoxicity in mice and monkeys. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997; 89: 1602-1608.
28. Luzzati R, Del Bravo P, Di Perri G, Luzzani A, Concia E. Riboflavine and severe lactic acidosis. Lancet. 1999; 353: 901-902.
29. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Healthcare Provider - Important Drug Warning Letter. New York: Bristol-Myers Squibb, January 5, 2001.
30. The Perinatal Safety Review Working Group. Nucleoside exposure in the children of HIV-infected women receiving antiretroviral drugs: absence of clear evidence for mitochondrial disease in children who died before 5 years of age in five United States cohorts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 2000; 25: 261-268.
31. Blanche S, Tardieu M, Rustin P et al. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and perinatal exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside analogues. Lancet. 1999; 354: 1084-1089.
32. Public Health Service Task Force. Public Health Service Task Force recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women infected with HIV-1 for maternal health and for reducing perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. MMWR. 1998; 47: 1-30.
33. De Santis M, Carducci B, De Santis L, Cavaliere A, Straface G. Periconceptional exposure to efavirenz and neural rube defects. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162: 355.
34. Lorenzi P, Spicher VM, Laubereau B, Hirschel B, Kind C, Rudin C et al. Antiretroviral therapies in pregnancy: maternal, fetal and neonatal effects. Swiss HIV Cohort Study, the Swiss Collaborative HIV and Pregnancy Study, and the Swiss Neonatal HIV Study. AIDS. 1998; 12: F241-F247.
35. Newell ML. Mechanisms and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. AIDS. 1998; 12: 831-837.
36. Burns DN, Landesman SH, Muenz LR et al. Cigarette smoking, premature rupture of membranes, and vertical transmission of HIV-1 among women with low CD4 levels. J Acquir Immuno Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1994; 7: 718-726.
37. Burns DN, Landesman SH, Wright DJ. Influence of other maternal variables on the relationship betweeen maternal virus load and mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis. 1997; 175: 1206-1210.
38. Landesman SH, Kalish LA, Burns DN et al. Obstetrical factors and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to child. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334: 1617-1623.
39. Boyer PJ, Dillon M, Navaie M et al. Factors predictive of maternal-fetal transmission of HIV-1: a preliminary analysis of zidovudine given during pregnancy and/or delivery. JAMA. 1994; 271: 1925-1930.
40. Van Dyke RB, Korber BT, Popek E et al. The Ariel Project: a prospective cohort study of maternal-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the era of maternal antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 1999; 179: 319-328.
41. St Louis ME, Kamenga M, Brown C et al. Risk for perinatal HIV-1 transmission according to maternal immunologic, virologic and placental factors. J Am Med Assoc. 1993; 269: 2853-2859.
42. The International Perinatal HIV Group. The mode of delivery and the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 977-987.
43. The European Mode of Delivery Collaboration. Elective caesarean-section versus vaginal delivery in prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission: a randomised clinical trial. 1999; 353: 1035-1039.
44. Garcia PM, Kalish LA, Pitt J et al. Maternal levels of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA and the risk of perinatal transmission. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 394-402.
45. Thiry L, Spencer-Goldberger S, Jonckheer T et al. Isolation of AIDS virus from cell-free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers. Lancet. 1985; 2: 891-892.
46. Ruff A, Coberly J, Halsey NA et al. Prevalence of HIV-1 DNA and p24 antigen in breast milk and correlation with maternal factors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1994; 7: 68-73.
47. Miotti PG, Taha TE, Kumwenda NI et al. HIV transmission through breastfeeding: a study in Malawi. JAMA. 1999; 282: 744-749.
48. Dunn DT, Newell ML, Ades AE, Peckham CS. Risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission through breastfeeding. Lancet. 1992; 340: 585-588.
49. Coutsoudis A, Pillay K, Spooner E, Kuhn L, Coovadia HM. Influence of infant-feeding patterns on early mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Durban, South Africa: a prospective cohort study. South African Vitamin A Study Group. Lancet. 1999; 354: 471-476.
50. Coutsoudis A, Pillay K, Kuhn L, Spooner E, Tsai WY, Coovadia HM. Method of feeding and transmission of HIV-1 from mothers to children by 15 months of age: prospective cohort study from Durban, South Africa. AIDS. 2001; 15: 379-387.
51. Sembra RD, Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR et al. Human immunodeficiency virus load in breast milk, mastitis and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodefiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180: 93-98.
52. Global Programme on AIDS. Consensus statement from the WHO/UNICEF consultation on HIV transmission and breast-feeding. Weekly Epidemiol Rec. 1992; 67: 177-179.
53. Palasanthiran P. Management of Perinatal Infections. Sydney: Society for Infectious Diseases; 2002.