Cosmopolitanism: Globalisation tamed?

Review of International Studies

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 465-480+463

  Held, David ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3242766240     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210503004650     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. T. Hobbes, Leviathan (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968).
2. See D. Held and A. McGrew, et al., Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture (Cambridge: Polity, 1999); D. Held and A. McGrew, Globalization/Anti-Globalization (Cambridge: Polity, 2002); D. Held, 'Law of States, Law of Peoples', Legal Theory, 8:2 (2002), pp. 1-44.
3. See D. Held and A. McGrew, et al., Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture (Cambridge: Polity, 1999); D. Held and A. McGrew, Globalization/Anti-Globalization (Cambridge: Polity, 2002); D. Held, 'Law of States, Law of Peoples', Legal Theory, 8:2 (2002), pp. 1-44.
4. See D. Held and A. McGrew, et al., Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture (Cambridge: Polity, 1999); D. Held and A. McGrew, Globalization/Anti-Globalization (Cambridge: Polity, 2002); D. Held, 'Law of States, Law of Peoples', Legal Theory, 8:2 (2002), pp. 1-44.
5. Held and McGrew, et al., Global Transformations, the Introduction, for a fuller analysis of these terms.
6. See D. Held, Democracy and the Global Order (Cambridge: Polity, 1995), part 2.
7. A. Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), ch. 2.
8. Held and McGrew, et al., Global Transformations, chs. 1, 2 and the Conclusion.
9. Cf. J. Nye, The Paradox of American Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002); D. Held, 'What Hope for the Future?: Learning the Lessons from the Past', Indiana Journal of the Global Legal Studies, 9:2 (2002), pp. 381-99.
10. Cf. J. Nye, The Paradox of American Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002); D. Held, 'What Hope for the Future?: Learning the Lessons from the Past', Indiana Journal of the Global Legal Studies, 9:2 (2002), pp. 381-99.
11. See I. Kaul, I. Grunberg and M. Stern eds., Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the Twenty-first Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. xix ff.
12. Held and McGrew, Globalization/Anti-Globalization, ch. 6.
13. These figures are drawn from the US economic census (1997) and from
14. J. Ruggie, 'Taking Embedded Liberalism Global: the Corporate Connection', in D. Held and M. Koenig-Archibugi (eds.), Globalization Tamed: Frontiers of Governance (Cambridge: Polity, forthcoming).
15. Held and McGrew, et al., Global Transformations, chs. 1-5 and 7.
16. See W. Wallace, 'The Sharing of Sovereignty; the European Paradox?', Political Studies, 47: 3.
17. P. Norris, 'Global Governance and Cosmopolitan Citizens' in J. Nye and J. Donahue (eds.), Governance in a Globalizing World (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2000), p. 175.
18. B. Barry, 'Statism and Nationalism: A Cosmopolitan Critique', in I. Shapiro and L. Brilmayer (eds.), Global Justice (New York: New York University Press, 1999), p. 35.
19. For a fuller account of these principles, see Held, 'Law of States, Law of Peoples'; and Cosmopolitanism: A Defence (Cambridge: Polity, forthcoming).
20. See C. Beitz, 'Cosmopolitan Liberalism and the States System', in C. Brown (ed.), Political Restructuring in Europe: Ethical Perspectives (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 123-36; Beitz, 'Philosophy of International Relations', in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 826-33; and T. Pogge, 'Cosmopolitan Sovereignty', in C. Brown (ed.), Political Restructuring in Europe, pp. 89-122.
21. See C. Beitz, 'Cosmopolitan Liberalism and the States System', in C. Brown (ed.), Political Restructuring in Europe: Ethical Perspectives (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 123-36; Beitz, 'Philosophy of International Relations', in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 826-33; and T. Pogge, 'Cosmopolitan Sovereignty', in C. Brown (ed.), Political Restructuring in Europe, pp. 89-122.
22. See C. Beitz, 'Cosmopolitan Liberalism and the States System', in C. Brown (ed.), Political Restructuring in Europe: Ethical Perspectives (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 123-36; Beitz, 'Philosophy of International Relations', in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 826-33; and T. Pogge, 'Cosmopolitan Sovereignty', in C. Brown (ed.), Political Restructuring in Europe, pp. 89-122.
23. See A. Kuper, 'Rawlsian Global Justice', Political Theory, 28 (2000), pp. 640-74.
24. See M. Nussbaum, 'Kant and Cosmopolitanism' in J. Bohman and M. Lutz-Bachmann (eds.), Perpetual Peace (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), pp. 25-57.
25. Pogge, 'Cosmopolitan Sovereignty', pp. 89f.
26. Ibid., p. 90.
27. See F. Whelan, 'Prologue: Democratic Theory and the Boundary Problem', in J. R. Pennock and R. W. Chapman (eds.), Nomos XXV: Liberal Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1983); M. Saward, 'A Critique of Held', in B. Holden (ed.), Global Democracy (London: Routledge, 2000).
28. See F. Whelan, 'Prologue: Democratic Theory and the Boundary Problem', in J. R. Pennock and R. W. Chapman (eds.), Nomos XXV: Liberal Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1983); M. Saward, 'A Critique of Held', in B. Holden (ed.), Global Democracy (London: Routledge, 2000).
29. See Held, Democracy and the Global Order, ch. 10.
30. See A. Weale, 'From Contracts to Pluralism', in P. Kelly (ed.), Impartiality, Neutrality and Justice (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998), pp. 9-34.
31. See J. Rawls, 'Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical', Philosophy of Public Affairs, 14: 3 (1985).
32. S. Benhabib, Situating the Self (Cambridge: Polity, 1992), pp. 9-10, 121-47.
33. See J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971); J. Habermas, 'Wahrheitstheorien', in H. Fahrenbach (ed.), Wirklichkeit und Reflexion (Neske: Pfüllingen, 1973), pp. 211-65; J. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms (Cambridge: Polity, 1996); B. Barry, Theories of Justice (London, 1989); B. Barry, Justice as Impartiality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
34. See J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971); J. Habermas, 'Wahrheitstheorien', in H. Fahrenbach (ed.), Wirklichkeit und Reflexion (Neske: Pfüllingen, 1973), pp. 211-65; J. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms (Cambridge: Polity, 1996); B. Barry, Theories of Justice (London, 1989); B. Barry, Justice as Impartiality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
35. See J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971); J. Habermas, 'Wahrheitstheorien', in H. Fahrenbach (ed.), Wirklichkeit und Reflexion (Neske: Pfüllingen, 1973), pp. 211-65; J. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms (Cambridge: Polity, 1996); B. Barry, Theories of Justice (London, 1989); B. Barry, Justice as Impartiality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
36. See J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971); J. Habermas, 'Wahrheitstheorien', in H. Fahrenbach (ed.), Wirklichkeit und Reflexion (Neske: Pfüllingen, 1973), pp. 211-65; J. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms (Cambridge: Polity, 1996); B. Barry, Theories of Justice (London, 1989); B. Barry, Justice as Impartiality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
37. See J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971); J. Habermas, 'Wahrheitstheorien', in H. Fahrenbach (ed.), Wirklichkeit und Reflexion (Neske: Pfüllingen, 1973), pp. 211-65; J. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms (Cambridge: Polity, 1996); B. Barry, Theories of Justice (London, 1989); B. Barry, Justice as Impartiality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
38. T. Hill, 'The Importance of Autonomy', in E. Kittay and D. Meyers (eds.), Women and Moral Theory (Towata, NJ: Roman & Allanheld, 1987), p. 132, quoted in Barry, Justice as Impartiality, pp. 226-7.
39. T. Hill, 'The Importance of Autonomy', in E. Kittay and D. Meyers (eds.), Women and Moral Theory (Towata, NJ: Roman & Allanheld, 1987), p. 132, quoted in Barry, Justice as Impartiality, pp. 226-7.
40. See H. G. Gadamer, Truth and Method (London: Sheed & Ward, 1975).
41. See P. Kelly, Impartiality, Neutrality and Justice (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998); Held, Cosmopolitanism: A Defence.
42. See P. Kelly, Impartiality, Neutrality and Justice (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998); Held, Cosmopolitanism: A Defence.
43. See Rawls, A Theory of Justice, pp. 544-5; Barry, Theories of Justice, p. 200.
44. See Rawls, A Theory of Justice, pp. 544-5; Barry, Theories of Justice, p. 200.
45. See Habermas, Between Facts and Norms.
46. The following account of cosmopolitan institution-building draws on sections of my 'Globalization, Corporate Practice and Cosmopolitan Social Standards', Contemporary Political Theory, 1 (2002), pp. 59-78.
47. See UN, Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments (New York: United Nations, 1988).
48. See M. Weller, 'The Reality of the Emerging Universal Constitutional Order', Cambridge Review of International Studies, 10 (1997), pp. 40-63; J. Crawford and S. Marks, 'The Global Democracy Deficit', in D. Archibugi, et al. (eds.), Re-imagining Political Community (Cambridge: Polity, 1998), pp. 72-90.
49. See M. Weller, 'The Reality of the Emerging Universal Constitutional Order', Cambridge Review of International Studies, 10 (1997), pp. 40-63; J. Crawford and S. Marks, 'The Global Democracy Deficit', in D. Archibugi, et al. (eds.), Re-imagining Political Community (Cambridge: Polity, 1998), pp. 72-90.
50. See Held, 'Law of States, Law of Peoples', for a survey.
51. I am indebted to Michael Zürn's distinction between 'executive' and 'social' multilateralism, which he made at a recent presentation at the London School of Economics, 17 May 2002.
52. See R. Falk, On Humane Governance (Cambridge: Polity, 1995).
53. See D. Held, Models of Democracy, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Polity, 1996), chs. 7 and 9; see also D. Beetham, 'Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Demoralization', in D. Held (ed.), Prospects for Democracy (Cambridge: Polity, 1993), pp. 55-73; A. Phillips, 'Must Feminists Give Up on Liberal Democracy', in Held, Prospects for Democracy, pp. 93-111.
54. See D. Held, Models of Democracy, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Polity, 1996), chs. 7 and 9; see also D. Beetham, 'Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Demoralization', in D. Held (ed.), Prospects for Democracy (Cambridge: Polity, 1993), pp. 55-73; A. Phillips, 'Must Feminists Give Up on Liberal Democracy', in Held, Prospects for Democracy, pp. 93-111.
55. See D. Held, Models of Democracy, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Polity, 1996), chs. 7 and 9; see also D. Beetham, 'Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Demoralization', in D. Held (ed.), Prospects for Democracy (Cambridge: Polity, 1993), pp. 55-73; A. Phillips, 'Must Feminists Give Up on Liberal Democracy', in Held, Prospects for Democracy, pp. 93-111.
56. I. Budge, 'Direct Democracy: Setting Appropriate Terms of Debate', in Held, Prospects for Democracy, pp. 136-55.
57. J. Burnheim, Is Democracy Possible? (Cambridge: Polity, 1985); W. Hutton, The World We're In (London: Little, Brown, 2002).
58. J. Burnheim, Is Democracy Possible? (Cambridge: Polity, 1985); W. Hutton, The World We're In (London: Little, Brown, 2002).
59. J. Cohen, 'Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy', in A. Hamlin and P. Pettit (eds.), The Good Polity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989); J. Fishkin, Democracy and Deliberation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
60. J. Cohen, 'Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy', in A. Hamlin and P. Pettit (eds.), The Good Polity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989); J. Fishkin, Democracy and Deliberation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
61. See Habermas, Between Facts and Norms.
62. European law embodies a range of relevant distinctions among legal instruments and types of implementation which would be helpful to reflect on in this context. See, for example, L. Hooghe and G. Marks (eds.), Multi-Level Governance and European Integration (Lanham, MD: Roman & Littleheld, 2001).
63. Agreement on the terms of reference of a global assembly would be difficult to say the least, although there is no shortage of plausible schemes and models. Ultimately, its terms of reference and operating rules would need to command widespread agreement and, hence, ought to be generated in a stakeholder process of consensus-building - a global constitutional convention - involving states, IGOs, INGOs, citizen groups and social movements. A global process of consultation and deliberation, organised at diverse levels, represents the best hope of creating a legitimate framework for accountable and sustainable global governance.
64. Held, Democracy and the Global Order, ch. 12.
65. Held and McGrew, Globalization/Anti-Globalization, chs. 8 and 9.