Reduction of bacterial levels in dental unit waterlines

Quintessence International

Volumn 35, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 630-634

  Porteous, Nuala B ^a   Cooley, Robert L ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^b OSHA Solutions Inc   (United States)

^c Department of General Dentistry ^*

Author keywords

Antimicrobial intermittent use cleaner; Biofilm; Chlorhexidine; Decontamination; Dental unit waterline; Planktonic bacteria

Indexed keywords

AGAR; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; SODIUM THIOSULFATE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BACTERIUM DETECTION; CONTROL SYSTEM; DENTAL ASSISTANT; DENTAL CARE; INFECTION PREVENTION; MEDICAL SOCIETY; REDUCTION; ROOM TEMPERATURE; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; TREATMENT INDICATION; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SAMPLING; WATER SUPPLY;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; BIOFILMS; CHLORHEXIDINE; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; DENTAL DISINFECTANTS; DENTAL EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; WATER MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 3242703500     PISSN: 00336572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Blake GC. The incidence and control of bacterial infection in dental spray reservoirs. Br Dent J 1963;15:413-416.
2. Abel LC, Miller RL, Micik RE, Ryge G. Studies on dental aerobiology: IV. Bacterial contamination of water delivered by dental units. J Dent Res 1971;50:1567-1569.
3. Martin MV. The significance of the bacterial contamination of dental unit water systems. Br Dent J 1987;163:152-154.
4. Shearer BG. Biofilm and the dental office. J Am Dent Assoc 1996;127:181-189.
5. Mills SE. The dental unit waterline controversy. J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131:1427-1441.
6. Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: A common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999; 284:1318-1322.
7. Costerton JW, Cheng K-J, Geesy GG, et al. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Ann Rev Microbiol 1987;41: 435-463.
8. Mills S, Bednarsh H. Dental waterlines and biofilms. Implications for clinical practice. Dental Teamwork 1996;9(3):18.
9. Dunne WM Jr. Bacterial adhesion: Seen any good biofilms lately? Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:155-166.
10. Costerton JW, Lewandowski Z, Caldwell DE, Korber DR, Lappin-Scott HM. Microbial biofilms. Ann Rev Microbiol 1995;49:711-745.
11. Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:167-193.
12. Ciancio SG. Chemical agents: Plaque control, calculus reduction and treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Periodontol 2000 1995;8:75-86.
13. Gjermo P. Chlorhexidine and related compounds. J Dent Res 1989;68(special issue):1602-1608.
14. Moshrefi A. Chlorhexidine. J Western Soc Periodontol 2002;50:5-9.
15. Loe H, Scott CR, Glavind L, Karring T. Two years' use of chlorhexidine in man, I: General design and clinical effects. J Periodontal Res 1976;11:135-144.
16. Segreto VA, Collins EM, Beiswanger BB, de la Rosa M, Isaacs RL, Lang NP. A comparison of mouthrinses containing two concentrations of chlorhexidine. J Periodontal Res 1986;21:23-32.
17. Hermesch CB, Hilton TJ, Biesbrock AR, et al. Perioperative use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of alveolar osteitis: Efficacy and risk factor analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85:381-387.
18. Anusavice KJ. Chlorhexidine, fluoride varnish, and xylitol chewing gum: Underutilized preventive therapies? Gen Dent 1998;46:34-40.
19. Emilson CG. Potential efficacy of chlorhexidine against mutans streptococci and human dental caries. J Dent Res 1994;73:682-691.
20. Marsh PD. Antimicrobial strategies in the prevention of dental caries. Caries Res 1993;27(suppl):72-76.
21. American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. Dental unit waterlines: Approaching the year 2000. J Am Dent Assoc 1999;130:1653-1664.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended infection control practices for dentistry. MMWR Weekly Report 1993;41(RR-8):1-12.
23. Noce L, Giovanni D, Putnins E. An evaluation of sampling and laboratory procedures for determination of heterotrophic plate counts in dental unit waterlines. J Can Dent Assoc 2000;66:262-269.
24. US Environmental Protection Agency. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Available at: http\www.epa. gov/safewater/mcl/html. Accessed 25 May 2003.
25. Kettering JD, Stephens JA, Munoz-Viveros CA, Naylor WP. Reducing bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines: Distilled water vs antimocrobial agents. J Calif Dent Assoc 2002;30:735-741.
26. Depaola LG, Mangan D, Mills SE, et al. A review of the science regarding dental unit waterlines. J Am Dent Assoc 2002;133:1199-1206.
27. Kettering JD, Stephens JA, Munoz-Viveros CA, Naylor WP. Reducing bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines: Tap water versus distilled water. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002; 3(3):1-9.
28. Kettering JD, Stephens J, Munoz CA. Use of antimicrobial rinses for reducing bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines [abstract 287]. J Dent Res 1998;77:141.
29. Koljalg S, Naaber P, Mikelsaar M. Antibiotic resistance as an indicator of bacterial chlorhexidine susceptibility. J Hosp Infect 2002;51:106-113.
30. Kamagate A, Kone D, Coulibaly NT, Brou E, Sixou M. In vitro study of chlorhexidine resistance in subgingival bacteria. Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale 2002;25(97):5-10.
31. Meiller TM, DePaola LG, Kelley JI, Baqui A, Turng B-F, Falkler WA. Dental unit waterlines: Biofilms, disinfection and recurrence. J Am Dent Assoc 1999;130:65-72.
32. Porteous NB, Redding SW, Thompson EH, Grooters AM, De Hoog S, Sutton DA. Isolation of an unusual fungus in treated dental unit waterlines. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134:853-858.
33. Taylor-Hardy TL, Leonard RH, Mauriello SM, Swift EJ. Effect of dental unit waterline biocides on enamel bond strengths. Gen Dent 2001;49:421-425.
34. Roberts HW, Karpay RI, Mills SE. Dental unit waterline antimicrobial agents' effect on dentin bond strength. J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131:179-183.
35. Perdiago J, Denehy GE, Swift EJ. Effects of chlorhexidine on dentin surfaces and shear bond strength. Am J Dent 1994;7:81-84.
36. Filler SJ, Lazarchik DA, Givan DA. Shear bond strengths of composite to chlorhexidine-treated enamel. Am J Dent 1994;7:85-88.
37. Meiers JC, Shook LW. Effect of disinfectants on the bond strength of composite to dentin. Am J Dent 1996;9:11-14.
38. Cobb CM, Martel CR, McKnight SA, Pasley-Mowry C, Ferguson BL, Williams K. How does time-dependent dental unit waterline flushing affect planktonic bacterial levels? J Dent Educ 2002;66:549-555.
39. Dodge W, Weed R, Winters W, Young J. The effective flushing of dental unit waterlines [abstract 2160]. J Dent Res 1997;76:283.
40. Santiago JI, Hungtington MK, Johnston MA, Quinn RS, Williams JF. Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: Short- and long-term effects of flushing. Gen Dent 1994;48:528-544.