New perspectives on Titan's upper atmosphere from a reanalysis of the Voyager 1 UVS solar occultations

Icarus

Volumn 170, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 91-112

  Vervack Jr , Ronald J ^a   Sandel, Bill R ^b   Strobel, Darrell F ^c  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aeronomy; Atmospheres; Occultations; Structure; Titan

Indexed keywords

EID: 3242702088     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.005     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. 2n+2 (n = 1-8): absolute oscillator strengths (7-220 eV) Chem. Phys. 173 1993 209-239
2. Bauer S.J. Atmospheric escape from Titan Proceedings Symposium on Titan ESA SP vol. 338 1992 263-265
3. Bertaux J.L. Kockarts G. Distribution of molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere of Titan J. Geophys. Res. 88 1983 8716-8720
4. Bevington P.R. Robinson D.K. Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences second ed. 1992 McGraw-Hill New York
5. Broadfoot A.L. Sandel B.R. Self-scanned anode array with a microchannel plate electron multiplier: the SSANACON Appl. Optics 16 1977 1533-1538
6. Broadfoot A.L. Sandel B.R. Shemansky D.E. Atreya S.K. Donahue T.M. Moos H.W. Bertaux J.L. Blamont J.E. Ajello J.M. Strobel D.F. McConnell J.C. Dalgarno A. Goody R. McElroy M.B. Yung Y.L. Ultraviolet spectrometer experiment for the Voyager mission Space Sci. Rev. 21 1977 183-205
7. Broadfoot A.L. Sandel B.R. Shemansky D.E. Holberg J.B. Smith G.R. Strobel D.F. McConnell J.C. Kumar S. Hunten D.M. Atreya S.K. Donahue T.M. Moos H.W. Bertaux J.L. Blamont J.E. Pomphrey R.B. Linick S. Extreme ultraviolet observations from Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn Science 212 1981 206-211
8. Broadfoot A.L. Sandel B.R. Shemansky D.E. McConnell J.C. Smith G.R. Holberg J.B. Atreya S.K. Donahue T.M. Strobel D.F. Bertaux J.L. Overview of the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometry results through Jupiter encounter J. Geophys. Res. 86 1981 8259-8284
9. Chan W.F. Cooper G. Brion C.E. Absolute optical oscillator strengths (11-20 eV) and transition moments for the photoabsorption of molecular hydrogen in the Lyman and Werner bands Chem. Phys. 168 1992 375-388
10. Chan W.F. Cooper G. Sodhi R.N.S. Brion C.E. Absolute optical oscillator strengths for discrete and continuum photoabsorption of molecular nitrogen (11-200 eV) Chem. Phys. 170 1993 81-97
11. Connors R.E. Roebber J.L. Weiss K. Vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy of cyanogen and cyanoacetylenes J. Chem. Phys. 60 1974 5011-5024
12. Cooper G. Burton G.R. Brion C.E. Absolute UV and soft X-ray photoabsorption of acetylene by high resolution dipole (e, e) spectroscopy J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 73 1995 139-148
13. Cooper G. Olney T.N. Brion C.E. Absolute UV and soft X-ray photoabsorption of ethylene by high resolution dipole (e, e) spectroscopy Chem. Phys. 194 1995 175-184
14. Dalgarno A. Allison A.C. Photodissociation of molecular hydrogen on Venus J. Geophys. Res. 74 1969 4178-4180
15. Dalgarno A. Degges T. Williams D.A. Dipole properties of molecular nitrogen Proc. Phys. Soc. 92 1967 291-295
16. 2, and N for aeronomic calculations At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 51 1992 321-363
17. Festou M.C. Atreya S.K. Donahue T.M. Sandel B.R. Shemansky D.E. Broadfoot A.L. Composition and thermal profiles of the jovian upper atmosphere determined by the Voyager ultraviolet stellar occultation experiment J. Geophys. Res. 86 1981 5715-5725
18. Ford A.L. Browne J.C. Rayleigh and Raman cross sections for the hydrogen molecule Atomic Data 5 1973 305-313
19. Friedson A.J. Yung Y.L. The thermosphere of Titan J. Geophys. Res. 89 1984 85-90
20. Gan L. Keller C.N. Cravens T.E. Electrons in the ionosphere of Titan J. Geophys. Res. 97 1992 12137-12151
21. 4 and haze in Triton's lower atmosphere J. Geophys. Res. 96 1991 19241-19252
22. Hinteregger H.E. Fukui K. Gilson B.R. Observational, reference and model data on solar EUV, from measurements on AE-E Geophys. Res. Lett. 8 1981 1147-1150
23. Hubbard W.B. Sicardy B. Miles R. Hollis A.J. Forrest R.W. Nicolson I.K.M. Appleby G. Beisker W. Bittner C. Bode H.-J. Bruns M. Denzau H. Nezel M. Riedel E. Struckmann H. Arlot J.E. Roques F. Sèvre F. Thuillot W. Hoffmann M. Geyer E.H. Buil C. Colas F. Lecacheux J. Klotz A. Thouvenot E. Vidal J.L. Carreira E. Rossi F. Blanco C. Cristaldi S. Nevo Y. Reitsema H.J. Brosch N. Cernis K. Zdanavicius K. Wasserman L.H. Hunten D.M. Gautier D. Lellouch E. Yelle R.V. Rizk B. Flasar F.M. Porco C.C. Toublanc D. Corugedo G. The occultation of 28 Sgr by Titan Astron. Astrophys. 269 1993 541-563
24. Ip W.-H. Titan's upper ionosphere Astrophys. J. 362 1990 354-363
25. Keller C.N. Cravens T.E. One-dimensional multispecies hydrodynamic models of the wakeside ionosphere of Titan J. Geophys. Res. 99 1994 6527-6536
26. Keller C.N. Cravens T.E. Gan L. A model of the ionosphere of Titan J. Geophys. Res. 97 1992 12117-12135
27. Keller C.N. Cravens T.E. Gan L. One-dimensional multispecies magnetohydrodynamic models of the ramside ionosphere of Titan J. Geophys. Res. 99 1994 6511-6525
28. 2, and N density profiles of Triton's atmosphere: observations and model J. Geophys. Res. 98 1993 3065-3078
29. Lammer H. Bauer S.J. Nonthermal atmospheric escape from Mars and Titan J. Geophys. Res. 96 1991 1819-1825
30. Lara L.M. Lellouch E. López-Moreno J.J. Rodrigo R. Vertical distribution of Titan's atmospheric neutral constituents J. Geophys. Res. 101 1996 23261-23283
31. +) yields from HCN photodissociation J. Chem. Phys. 72 1980 6414-6421
32. Lellouch E. Hunten D.M. 1987. Titan atmosphere engineering model. ESLAB 87/199
33. Lellouch E. Titan's thermosphere profile Icarus 83 1990 308-324
34. Menke W. Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse Theory 1989 Academic Press New York
35. Mount G.H. Moos H.W. Photoabsorption cross sections of methane and ethane, 1300-1600 Å, at T = 295 K and T = 200 K Astrophys. J. Lett. 224 1978 L35-L38
36. Mount G.H. Warden E.S. Moos H.W. Photoabsorption cross sections of methane from 1400 to 1850 Å Astrophys. J. Lett. 214 1977 L47-L49
37. Nicholson P.D. Cooke M.L. Pelton E. An absolute radius scale for Saturn's rings Astron. J. 100 1990 1339-1362
38. 3CN J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 28 1982 223-231
39. Okabe H. Photochemistry of acetylene Can. J. Chem. 61 1983 850-855
40. Press W.H. Teukolsky S.A. Vetterling W.T. Flannery B.P. Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN second ed. 1992 Cambridge Univ. Press New York
41. Rages K. Pollack J.B. Vertical distribution of scattering hazes in Titan's upper atmosphere Icarus 55 1983 50-62
42. Roboz A. Nagy A.F. The energetics of Titan's ionosphere J. Geophys. Res. 99 1994 2087-2093
43. Sadeghpour H.R. Dalgarno A. Rayleigh and Raman scattering by hydrogen and caesium J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 25 1992 4801-4809
44. Samson J.A.R. The measurement of the photoionization cross sections of the atomic gases Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 2 1966 177-261
45. 2 from 18 to 113 eV J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 1994 277-279
46. 4 from 110-950 Å J. Chem. Phys. 90 1989 6925-6932
47. Smith G.R. Hunten D.M. Study of planetary atmospheres by absorptive occultations Rev. Geophys. 28 1990 117-143
48. Smith G.R. Strobel D.F. Broadfoot A.L. Sandel B.R. Shemansky D.E. Holberg J.B. Titan's upper atmosphere: composition and temperature from the EUV solar occultation results J. Geophys. Res. 87 1982 1351-1359
49. 2 at 195 and 295 K J. Geophys. Res. 96 1991 17529-17533
50. 2 transitions between 95.8 and 99.4 nm J. Chem. Phys. 97 1992 4809-4814
51. 4′(0)-X J. Geophys. Res. 106 2001 3685-3689
52. Strobel D.F. Shemansky D.E. EUV emission from Titan's upper atmosphere: Voyager 1 encounter J. Geophys. Res. 87 1982 1361-1368
53. Strobel D.F. Summers M.E. Zhu X. Titan's upper atmosphere: structure and ultraviolet emissions Icarus 100 1992 512-526
54. 2 in vacuum ultraviolet J. Chem. Phys. 80 1984 4824-4831
55. Toublanc D. Parisot J.P. Brillet J. Gautier D. Raulin F. McKay C.P. Photochemical modeling of Titan's atmosphere Icarus 113 1995 2-26
56. Twomey S. Introduction to the Mathematics of Inversion in Remote Sensing and Indirect Measurements 1977 Elsevier New York
57. Vervack Jr. R.J. 1997. Titan's upper atmospheric structure derived from Voyager ultraviolet spectrometer observations. PhD dissertation. The University of Arizona, Tucson
58. 4 in the VUV region J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 45 1991 77-91
59. Yelle R.V. Non-LTE models of Titan's upper atmosphere Astrophys. J. 383 1991 380-400
60. Yelle R.V. Herbert F. Sandel B.R. Vervack Jr. R.J. Wentzel T.M. The distribution of hydrocarbons in Neptune's upper atmosphere Icarus 104 1993 38-59
61. Yelle R.V. Young L.A. Vervack Jr. R.J. Young R. Pfister L. Sandel B.R. The structure of Jupiter's upper atmosphere: predictions for Galileo J. Geophys. Res. 101 1996 2149-2161
62. Yelle R.V. Strobel D.F. Lellouch E. Gautier D. Engineering models for Titan's atmosphere HUYGENS Science, Payload and Mission ESA SP vol. 1177 1997 243-256
63. Yung Y.L. An update of nitrile photochemistry on Titan Icarus 72 1987 468-472
64. Yung Y.L. Allen M. Pinto J.P. Photochemistry of the atmosphere of Titan: comparison between model and observations Astrophys. J. Suppl. 55 1984 465-506
65. Zelikoff M. Watanabe K. Absorption coefficients of ethylene in the vacuum ultraviolet J. Opt. Soc. Am. 43 1953 756-759