Microwave-assisted sample treatment in a fully automated flow-based instrument: Oxidation of reduced technetium species in the analysis of total technetium-99 in caustic aged nuclear waste samples

Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 76, Issue 14, 2004, Pages 3869-3877

  Egorov, Oleg B ^a   O'Hara, Matthew J ^a   Grate, Jay W ^a  

^a PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAUSTIC SODA; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; MODIFICATION; OXIDATION;

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED TREATMENTS; MULTIPLE REAGENTS;

RADIOACTIVE WASTES;

CAUSTIC AGENT; PEROXYDISULFATE; SULFATE; SULFUR DERIVATIVE; TECHNETIUM; TECHNETIUM 99M; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; AUTOANALYSIS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FLOW; GAS; MICROWAVE RADIATION; NUCLEAR WASTE; RADIOASSAY; REDUCTION; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; VALIDATION PROCESS; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WATER SAMPLING;

EID: 3242698786     PISSN: 00032700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ac0497196     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Gedye, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4729.
2. Kingston, H. M.; Haswell, S. J. Microwave-Enhanced Chemistry: Fundamentals, Sample Preparation, and Applications; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1997.
3. Mermet, J. M. In Microwave-Enhanced Chemistry: Fundamentals, Sample Preparation, and Applications; Kingston, H. M., Haswell, S. J., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1997; pp 371-400.
4. Richter, R. C.; Link, D.; Kingston, H. M. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 31A-37A.
5. Mena, M. L.; Gomez, M. M.; Palacios, M. A.; Camara, C. Lab. Autom. Inf. Manage. 1999, 34, 159-165.
6. Caballo-Lopez, A.; Luque de Castro, M. D. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 2011-2017.
7. Gurleyuk, H.; Tyson, J. F.; Uden, P. C. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2000, 55B, 935-942.
8. Thomas, P.; Finnie, J. K.; Williams, J. G. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1997, 12, 1367-1372.
9. Arruda, M. A. Z.; Gallego, M.; Valcarcel, M. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1996, 11, 169-173.
10. Burguera, J. L.; Carrero, P.; Burguera, M.; Rondon, C.; Brunetto, M. R.; Galignani, M. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1996, 51B, 1837-1847.
11. Eva Moreno, M.; Perez-Conde, C.; Camara, C. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2000, 15, 681-686.
12. He, Y.; El Azouzi, H.; Luisa Cervera, M.; de la Guardia, M. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1998, 13, 1291-1296.
13. de Andrade, J. C.; Rocha, J. C.; Baccan, N. Analyst 1984, 109, 645-647.
14. de Andrade, J. C.; Rocha, J. C.; Baccan, N. Analyst 1985, 110, 197-199.
15. Egorov, O. B.; O'Hara, M. J.; Ruzicka, J.; Grate, J. W. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 977-984.
16. 99Tc Analysis in AW-101 and AN-107 "Diluted Feed" Matrixes, Battelle NW, PNWD-3014, Richland, WA, 2000.
17. Pichler, U.; Haase, A.; Knapp, G.; Michaelis, M. Anal. Chem. 1998, 71, 4050-4055.
18. Burguera, J. L.; Burguera, M.; Rondon, C. Talanta 2002, 58, 1167-1175.
19. Burguera, M.; Burguera, J. L. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 366, 63-79.
20. Galignani, M.; Bahsas, H.; Brunetto, M. R.; Burguera, M.; Burguera, J. L.; Petit de Pena, Y. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 369, 57-67.
21. Huang, C.-C.; Yang, M.-H.; Shih, T.-S. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 3930-3939.
22. Stewart, L. J. M.; Barnes, R. M. Analyst 1994, 119, 1003-1010.
23. Flock, J.; Michael, F.; Ohls, K. D. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1999, 363, 306-310.
24. http://www.cem.com.
25. Blanchard, D. L.; Brown, G. N.; Conradson, S. D.; Fadeff, S. K.; Golcar, G. R.; Hess, N. J.; Klinger, G. S.; Kurath, D. E. Technetium in Alkaline, High-Salt, Radioactive Tank Waste Supernate: Preliminary Characterization and Removal, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL-11386, Richland, WA, 1997.
26. 99Tc from Hanford Tank Waste Envelope C (Tank 241-AN-107), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNWD-3028, Richland, WA, 2000.
27. Lukens, W. W.; Shuh, D. K.; Schroeder, N. C.; Ashley, K. R. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 229-233.
28. Schroeder, N. C.; Radzinski, S. D.; Ashley, K. R.; Truong, A. P.; Whitener, G. D. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2001, 250, 271-284.
29. Schroeder, N. C.; Radzinski, S. D.; Ashley, K. R.; Truong, A. P.; Szczepaniak, P. A. Proc. Sci. Technol. Disposal Radioact. Tank Wastes 1998, 301-320.
30. 99Tc removal from Hanford Wank Supernatants AW-101 (Envelope A) and AN-107 (Envelope C,) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BNFL-RPT-009, Richland, WA, 1999.
31. Chamberlin, R. M.; Ashley, K. R.; Ball, J. R.; Bauer, E.; Bernard, J. G.; Berning, D. E.; Schroeder, N. C.; Sylvester, P. ACS Symp. Ser. 2004, No. 868, 177-192.
32. Nevissi, A. E.; Silverston, M.; R. S., S.; Kaye, J. H. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1994, 177, 91-99.
33. Grate, J. W.; Strebin, R. S.; Janata, J.; Egorov, O.; Ruzicka, J. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 333-340.
34. Egorov, O.; Ruzicka, J.; Grate, J. W.; Janata, J., Egorov, O.; Ruzicka, J.; Grate, J. W.; Janata, J. Spectrum 96: Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management International Topic Meeting, 1996; pp 189-195.
35. Egorov, O.; Grate, J. W.; Ruzicka, J. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1998, 234, 231-235.
36. Grate, J. W.; Fadeff, S. K.; Egorov, O. Analyst 1999, 124, 203-210.
37. Grate, J. W.; Egorov, O. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 3920-3929.
38. Egorov, O.; O'Hara, M. J.; Grate, J. W.; Ruzicka, J. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 345-352.
39. Grate, J. W.; Egorov, O. B.; Fiskum, S. K. Analyst 1999, 124, 1143-1150.
40. Grate, J. W.; Egorov, O. B. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 779A-788A.
41. Grate, J. W.; Egorov, O. B. In Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, 2nd ed.; L'Annunziata, M. F., Ed.; Academic Press: Boston, 2003; pp 1129-1164.
42. Anders, E. The Radiochemistry of Technetium; National Academy of Science: Springfield, VA, 1960.
43. Hassan, N. M.; Nash, C. A.; Saito, H. H.; Marra, J. C. SuperLig-644 Resin Accelerated Aging Study, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., WSRC-MS-2002-00872, Aiken, SC, 2002.
44. Urie, M. W.; Wagner, J. J.; Greenwood, L. R.; Farmer, O. T., III; Fiskum, S. K.; Ratner, R. T.; Soderquist, C. Z. Inorganic and Radiochemical Analysis of AW-101 and AN-107 "Diluted Feed" Materials, Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division, PNWD-2463, Richland, WA, 1999.
45. Gillespie, B. M.; Stromatt, R. W.; Baldwin, D. L.; Hoopes, F. V. 101-SY Hydrogen Safety Project Chemical Analysis Support: Window "C" Total Organic Carbon Analysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 1992.
46. Skoog, D. A.; West, D. M. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry; CBS College Publishing: Philadelphia, 1982.
47. Goulden, P. D.; Anthony, D. H. J. Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 953-958.
48. Cotton, F. A. Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1988.
49. Colton, R. The Chemistry of Rhenium and Technetium; John Wiley & Sons: London, 1965.