Twilight moments

Journal of the History of Sexuality

Volumn 14, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 139-160

  Clark, Anna ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 32344449662     PISSN: 10434070     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/sex.2006.0007     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Martha Vicinus, Intimate Friends: Women Who Loved Women, 1778-1928 (Chicago, 2004), 75.
2. Alison Oram, Women Teachers and Feminist Politics, 1900-1939 (Manchester, 1996).
3. Martha Hodes, White Women, Black Men: Illicit Sex in the Nineteenth-Century South (New Haven, Conn., 1997), 3;
4. John Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century (Chicago, 1980), 3.
5. R. I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society (Oxford, 1987);
6. Jeffrey Richards, Sex, Dissidence, and Damnation (New York, 1991).
7. Janet Jakobsen, "Queer Is? Queer Does? Normativity and the Problem of Resistance," GLQ 4 (1998): 512.
8. This very concept has become naturalized: Americans with traditional views see heterosexuality as so normal that it cannot be questioned, whereas homosexuality is seen as deviant and unnatural - what queer theorists now call the assumption of "heteronormativity." They point out that heteronormativity is not just about men and women having sex, nor is the "homosexual" only the deviant opposite of heterosexuality; queerness riddles heterosexuality itself with contradictions, and queer desires infiltrate heterosexual desires. The concept of "heteronormativity" was originated by Michael Warner in Fear of a Queer Planet (Minneapolis, 1993), vii-xii, and much further refined in Michael Warner, "Normal and Normaller: Beyond Gay Marriage," GLQ5 (1998): 155. Roderick Ferguson has also pointed out that heteronormativity was defined in terms of whiteness: white authorities did not regard twentieth-century African Americans as living up to the standards of heteronormativity because they lived in female-headed households, cohabited, or engaged in interracial sex. The ideal of coresiding, heterosexual marriage, was also a privilege not granted to African American maids or South African male migrant laborers; as Ferguson argues, they were seen as "surplus" to the requirements of white heteropatriarchal society. Rod Ferguson, Aberrations in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique (Minneapolis, 2003), 87.
9. Mary Poovey, "(International Prohibition on) Sex in America," Critical Inquiry 24 (1998): 366-92;
10. Julian Carter, The Heart of Whiteness: Normal Sexuality and Race in America (forthcoming from Duke University Press).
11. Karma Lochrie, Heterosyncrasies: Female Sexuality When Normal Wasn't (forthcoming from University of Minnesota Press, 2005).
12. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1 (New York, 1978), 43.
13. David Halperin, How to Do the History of Male Homosexuality (Chicago, 2002), 35.
14. For an overview see, along with Halperin, Ruth Mazo Karras, "Active/Passive, Acts/Passions: Greek and Roman Sexualities," American Historical Review 105 (2000): 1250-65.
15. Mark Jordan, The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology (Chicago, 1997), 45.
16. Ruth Mazo Karras, "Prostitution and the Question of Sexual Identity in Medieval Europe," Journal of Women's History 11 (1999): 145.
17. Halperin suggests that perhaps "we need to supplement our notion of identity with a more refined concept of, say, partial identity, emergent identity, transient identity," and so on (43).
18. For a discussion of sexual scripts that incorporates symbolic interactionism, Bakhtin, and Lacan see William Simon and J. H. Gagnon, "Sexual Scripts: Permanence and Change," Archives of Sexual Behavior 15, no. 2 (1986): 97-120;
19. Edward O. Laumann, "A Sociological Perspective on Sexual Action," in Richard G. Parker and John H. Gagnon, eds., Conceiving Sexuality: Approaches to Sex Research in a Modern World (New York, 1994), 214.
20. Vicinus, 9.
21. Jeffrey Weeks, Sex, Politics and Society, 2nd ed. (London: Longmans, 1989), 14.
22. David Nirenberg, "Conversion, Sex, and Segregation: Jews and Christians in Medieval Spain," American Historical Review 107 (2002): 1065-93.
23. Peter Brown, The Body and Society: Men, Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity (New York, 1988), 84.
24. Hodes, White Women, Black Men, 3.
25. Boswell, 3; for critiques see Marc Boone, "State Power and Illicit Sexuality: The Persecution of Sodomy in Late Medieval Bruges," Journal of Medieval History 22 (1996): 138;
26. Louis Crompton, Homosexuality and Civilization (Cambridge, Mass., 2003), 160.
27. Jordan, 69.
28. Graham Robb, Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century (New York, 2004), 88.
29. David Leitao, "The Legend of the Sacred Band," in Martha C. Nussbaum and Juha Sihvola, eds., The Sleep of Reason (Chicago, 2002), 158;
30. Plato, "Symposium," in Edith Hamilton, ed., The Collected Dialogues of Plato (Princeton, N.J., 1963), 181.
31. This, of course, is an aspect blatantly missing from Foucault.
32. Thomas A. J. McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome (New York, 1998), 65;
33. Anton Blok, Honour and Violence (Oxford, 2001), 44;
34. Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women: Prostitution and Sexuality in Medieval England (New York, 1996), 7, 84.
35. Jacques Rossiaud, Medieval Prostitution, trans. Lydia Cochrane (Oxford, 1988), 82;
36. John K. Brackett, "The Florentine Onestà and the Control over Prostitution, 1403-1680," Sixteenth Century Journal 24 (1993): 230;
37. Leah Otis, Prostitutes in Medieval Society: The Case of Languedoc (Chicago, 1985), 23;
38. Elisabeth Pavan, "Police des moeurs, société et politique à Venise à la fin du moyen age," Revue Historique 264 (1980): 261.
39. Michel Foucault, "Of Other Spaces," Diacritics 16 (1986): 22-27.
40. Kevin J. Mumford, Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and New York in the Early Twentieth Century (New York, 1997), 5.
41. Gayle Rubin, "Thinking Sex," in Henry Abelove, Michele Barale, and David Halperin, eds., The Lesbian/Gay Studies Reader (New York, 1993), 15.
42. Victor W. Turner, The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure (Chicago, 1969), 94.
43. Michael Rocke, Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1996), 28, 40, 216.
44. Mary Elizabeth Perry, Gender and Disorder in Early Modern Seville (Princeton, N.J., 1990), 58.
45. Patricia Seed, To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts over Marriage Choice, 1574-1821 (Stanford, Calif., 1988), 62.
46. Ann Twinam, Public Lives, Private Secrets: Gender, Honor, Sexuality and Illegitimacy in Colonial Spanish America (Stanford, Calif, 1999), 63.
47. Kathy L. Gaca, The Making of Fornication: Eros, Ethics, and Political Reform in Greek Philosophy and Early Christianity (Berkeley, 2003), 158.
48. Rossiaud, 72-78.
49. Pierre J. Payer, Sex and the Penitentials: the Development of a Sexual Code, 550-1150 (Toronto, 1984), 7.
50. Gert Hekma, "Homosexual Behavior in the Nineteenth-Century Dutch Army," Journal of the History of Sexuality 2 (1991): 274.
51. Foucault, 1:1-13.
52. Anna Clark, Women's Silence, Men's Violence: Sexual Assault in England, 1770-1845 (London, 1987), 82.
53. Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, Re-Reading Sex: Battles over Sexual Knowledge and Suppression in Nineteenth-Century America (New York, 2003), 194.
54. Roy Porter and Lesley A. Hall, The Facts of Life: The Creation of Sexual Knowledges in Britain, 1650-1950 (New Haven, Conn., 1995), 145.
55. Anne-Marie Sohn, Du premier baiser à l'alcôve: La sexualité des français au quotidien (1850-1950) (Paris, 1996), 57.
56. Joanne Meyerowitz, How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States (Cambridge, Mass., 2002), 28.
57. Isabel Hull, Sexuality, the State, and Civil Society in Germany, 1790-1815 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1996), 48.
58. Butler, Bodies that Matter, 43.
59. Judith Walkowitz, Prostitution in Victorian Society: Women, Class, and State (Cambridge, 1980), 94.
60. William A. Cohen, Scandal: The Private Parts of Victorian Fiction (Durham, N.C., 1996), 4.
61. Ian Moulton, Before Pornography: Erotic Writing in Early Modern England (New York, 2000), 38.
62. Lisa Z. Sigel, Governing Pleasures: Pornography in Nineteenth-Century England (New Brunswick, N.J., 2002), 89.
63. Ulinka Rublack, "The Public Body: Policing Abortion in Early Modern Germany," in Lynn Abrams and Elizabeth Harvey, eds., Gender Relations in German History (Durham, N.C., 1997), 58.
64. Karma Lochrie, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell: Murderous Plots and Medieval Secrets," in Louise Fradenberg and Carla Freccero, eds., Premodern Sexualities (New York, 1996), 137-40;
65. R. P. Neuman, "Working Class Birth Control in Wilhelmine Germany," Comparative Studies in Society and History 20 (1978): 428.
66. Angus McLaren, Birth Control in Nineteenth-Century England (New York, 1978), 232.
67. Helmut Puff, Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland 1400-1600 (Chicago, 2003), 80.
68. Maria Boes, "On Trial for Sodomy in Early Modern Germany," in Tom Betteridge, ed., Sodomy in Early Modern Europe (Manchester, 2002), 41;
69. similarly, Richard Godbeer, Sexual Revolution in Early America (Baltimore, Md., 2002), 48.
70. Polly Morris, "Sodomy and Male Honor: The Case of Somerset, 1740-1850," in Kent Gerard and Gert Hekma, eds., The Pursuit of Sodomy in Early Modern Europe (New York, 1989), 399.
71. Alan Bray, Homosexuality in Renaissance England, 2nd ed. (New York, 1995), 5.
72. Theo van der Meer, "The Persecution of Sodomites in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam: Changing Perceptions of Sodomy," in Gerard and Hekma, 245-85.
73. Halperin, 113.
74. Frederick S. Roden, Same-Sex Desire in Victorian Religious Culture (Basingstoke, 2002), 31.
75. Harry Cocks, "Calamus in Bolton: Spirituality and Homosexual Desire in Late Victorian England," Gender & History 13 (2001): 220.
76. Valerie Traub, The Renaissance of Lesbianism in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 2002), 6.
77. Vicinus, 61-79.
78. Mumford, 6.
79. Peter W. Bardaglio, "'Shamefull Matches': The Regulation of Interracial Sex and Marriage in the South before 1900," in Martha Hodes, ed., Sex, Love, Race: Crossing Boundaries in North American History (New York, 1999), 112-38; Godbeer, 204-8.
80. Kirsten Fischer, Suspect Relations: Sex, Race, and Resistance in Colonial North America (Ithaca, N.Y., 2002), 124;
81. Joshua Rothman, 'Notorious in the Neighborhood: Sex and Families across the Color Line in Virginia, 1787-1861 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2003), 65.
82. Hodes, White Women, Black Men.
83. Rothman, 66.
84. Jennifer M. Spear, "'They Need Wives': Métissage and the Regulation of Sexuality in Colonial Louisiana," in Hodes, Sex, Love, Race, 41.
85. Laura Ann Stoler, Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule (Berkeley, 2002), 39, 92.
86. Judith M. Bennett, "Writing Fornication: Medieval Leyrwrite and Its Historians," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 13 (2003): 144-54.
87. Jean-Louis Flandrin, Sex in the Western World: The Development of Attitudes and Behavior, trans. Sue Collins (Chur, 1991), 275;
88. John Gillis, For Better, for Worse: British Marriages, 1600 to the Present (New York, 1985), 203.
89. Rachel G. Fuchs, Poor and Pregnant in Nineteenth-Century Paris (New Brunswick, N.J., 1992), 201.
90. Clark, Women's Silence, Men's Violence, 75.
91. Steve Humphries, A Secret World of Sex (London, 1988), 65.
92. Erica-Marie Bcnabou, La prostitution et la police des moeurs au XVIIIème siècle (Paris, 1987), 307.
93. Anna Clark, The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class (Berkeley, 1995), 41.
94. Mary Gibson, Prostitution and the State in Italy, 2nd ed. (Columbus, Ohio, 1999), 55;
95. Alain Corbin, Women for Hire: Prostitution and Sexuality in France after 1850 (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 131.
96. London Metropolitan Archive, London Consistory Court depositions, DL/C293, Evens v. Evens, 25 October 1810; Clark, Struggle for the Breeches, 56.
97. Walkowitz, 29.
98. Barbara Alpern Engel, "St. Petersburg Prostitutes in the Late Nineteenth Century: A Personal and Social Profile," Russian Review 48 (1989): 41.
99. William Reddy, The Invisible Code: Honor and Sentiment in Post-Revolutionary France, 1814-1848 (Berkeley, 1997), 72.
100. Trial of Elizabeth Harman for Theft, 15 February 1797, Proceedings of the Old Bailey, Ref:t17970215-35, http://hri.shef.ac.uk/luceneweb/bailey/highlight. jsp?ref-t17970215-35&Submit=Retrieve+Material.
101. J. L. King, On the Down Low: A Journey into the Lives of Straight" Black Men Who Sleep with Men (New York, 2004).
102. David Biale, Eros and the Jews (New York, 1992), 16;
103. Annemarie Schimmel, "Eros in Sufi Literature and Life," in A. L. al-Sayyid Marsot, ed., Society and the Sexes in Medieval Islam (Malibu, Calif., 1979), 132.