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-
Budgets were considered highly confidential under the regime of Saddam Hussein; the oil-for-food programme failed to provide public accounts of the contracts involved. Rosett, 'The oil-for-food scam'.
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Rosett1
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82
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'Duty to the future: Free Iraqis plan for a new Iraq'
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at posted April
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'Duty to the future: Free Iraqis plan for a new Iraq', at http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/dutyiraq/ dutyiraq.pdf, posted April 2003.
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83
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'The prewar reconstruction of post-war Iraq'
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For a critique of 'pre-war reconstruction', see
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For a critique of 'pre-war reconstruction', see R Mac Ginty, 'The prewar reconstruction of post-war Iraq', Third World Quarterly, 24 (4), 2003, pp 601-617.
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Coalition Provisional Authority Regulation No 3, 18 June
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Coalition Provisional Authority Regulation No 3, 18 June 2003.
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86
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32144448410
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This policy, however, was not extended to the oil sector - at least in public declarations by the US government - probably for fear of con.rming Iraqi public opinion that the US and UK had invaded Iraq for its oil. See Section 6.1, Coalition Provisional Authority Order No 39, 19 September
-
This policy, however, was not extended to the oil sector - at least in public declarations by the US government - probably for fear of con.rming Iraqi public opinion that the US and UK had invaded Iraq for its oil. See Section 6.1, Coalition Provisional Authority Order No 39, 19 September 2003.
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87
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27944466643
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'Neoliberalism in a conflict state: The viability of economic shock therapy in Iraq'
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Employees of state companies fearing lay-offs and Iraqi businessmen fearing foreign competitors also resented it (although many welcomed the facilitation of foreign investment). For a review of criticisms, see June
-
Employees of state companies fearing lay-offs and Iraqi businessmen fearing foreign competitors also resented it (although many welcomed the facilitation of foreign investment). For a review of criticisms, see R Looney, 'Neoliberalism in a conflict state: The viability of economic shock therapy in Iraq', Strategic Insights, 3 (6), June 2004;
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Looney, R.1
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32144444961
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'Reform concerns: Changes have Iraqi workers nervous'
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14 December
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S Mulugeta, 'Reform concerns: Changes have Iraqi workers nervous' Newsday, 14 December 2003;
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Newsday
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Mulugeta, S.1
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89
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18244381812
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'Baghdad year zero'
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and
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and Klein, 'Baghdad year zero'.
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-
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Klein1
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90
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32144432917
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'US decree strips thousands of their jobs'
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Besides the 400 000 people who lost their Iraqi army job, up to 30 000 high-ranking Ba'ath party members were initially fired from public jobs, with about 12 000 subsequently re-hired. 30 August
-
Besides the 400 000 people who lost their Iraqi army job, up to 30 000 high-ranking Ba'ath party members were initially fired from public jobs, with about 12 000 subsequently re-hired. J Steele, 'US decree strips thousands of their jobs', Guardian, 30 August 2003;
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Guardian
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Steele, J.1
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92
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8744296118
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'Iraqi fire sale: CPA giving away oil revenue billions before transition'
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If about $9 billion were allocated to the 2004 budget of Iraqi ministries (with much controversy about their lack of accountability), close to $2 billion were committed in the last six weeks of CPA administration to special projects. Briefing Paper 7, Iraq Revenue Watch, New York, June
-
If about $9 billion were allocated to the 2004 budget of Iraqi ministries (with much controversy about their lack of accountability), close to $2 billion were committed in the last six weeks of CPA administration to special projects. 'Iraqi fire sale: CPA giving away oil revenue billions before transition', Briefing Paper 7, Iraq Revenue Watch, New York, June 2004;
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(2004)
-
-
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93
-
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32144448054
-
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and Regulation no 11 (CPA/REG/18 June 2004) seeking to secure outstanding contracting liability under the DFI beyond 30 June 2004, at the CPA website, accessed 18 August At least an additional $1.1 billion in frozen Iraqi assets held by non-US UN members could be released to the Iraqi government
-
and Regulation no 11 (CPA/REG/18 June 2004) seeking to secure outstanding contracting liability under the DFI beyond 30 June 2004, at the CPA website, accessed 18 August 2004. At least an additional $1.1 billion in frozen Iraqi assets held by non-US UN members could be released to the Iraqi government.
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(2004)
-
-
-
94
-
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32144434470
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'US is quietly spending $2.5 billion from Iraqi oil revenues to pay for Iraqi projects'
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21 June
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SR Weisman, 'US is quietly spending $2.5 billion from Iraqi oil revenues to pay for Iraqi projects', New York Times, 21 June 2004.
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Weisman, S.R.1
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95
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32144434656
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note
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Arguably the Iraqi budget will benefit from a continued oil revenue stream, while donor commitments are bounded in time (2003-07/08).
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-
-
96
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32144443550
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'There's a lot of money to pay for this [reconstruction] that doesn't have to be US taxpayer money, and it starts with the assets of the Iraqi people'
-
For example, Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz emphasised to Congress that: House Committee on Appropriations Hearing on a Supplemental War Regulation 27 March emphasis added
-
For example, Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz emphasised to Congress that: 'There's a lot of money to pay for this [reconstruction] that doesn't have to be US taxpayer money, and it starts with the assets of the Iraqi people'. House Committee on Appropriations Hearing on a Supplemental War Regulation, 27 March 2003, emphasis added.
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(2003)
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-
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97
-
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32144433760
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-
note
-
Only $140 million had been budgeted from US appropriated funds for this purpose and the Commander's Emergency Response Program was essentially financed by Iraqi funds.
-
-
-
-
98
-
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27944492613
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'Focus on Halliburton masks deeper problems with Iraq contracts'
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30 March
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J Chaffin, 'Focus on Halliburton masks deeper problems with Iraq contracts', Financial Times, 30 March 2004;
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(2004)
Financial Times
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Chaffin, J.1
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99
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32144457266
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Windfalls of War project, Center for Public Integrity, at www.publicintegrity.org
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Windfalls of War project, Center for Public Integrity, at www.publicintegrity.org;
-
-
-
-
100
-
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32144440718
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'Halliburton reveals $6-million overcharge in alleged Iraq corruption'
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and 23 January
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and TF Armistead, 'Halliburton reveals $6-million overcharge in alleged Iraq corruption', Engineering News-Record, 23 January 2004.
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Engineering News-Record
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Armistead, T.F.1
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101
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32144434992
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'Risky business in Iraq'
-
cited in N Klein, 5 January
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E Kubba, cited in N Klein, 'Risky business in Iraq', The Nation, 5 January 2004, p 11.
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Kubba, E.1
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32144453212
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'The economy: With money comes power'
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20 June
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B Crocker, 'The economy: With money comes power', Washington Times, 20 June 2004.
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Washington Times
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Crocker, B.1
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103
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32144463737
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'Shameless in Iraq'
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See also 24 June
-
See also N Klein, 'Shameless in Iraq', The Nation, 24 June 2004.
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The Nation
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Klein, N.1
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104
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32144445828
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'US aid package for Iraq cracks down on corruption'
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Beirut, 4 May
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'US aid package for Iraq cracks down on corruption', Daily Star, Beirut, 4 May 2004.
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(2004)
Daily Star
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-
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106
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84925136656
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'No simple place to pin blame for Iraq oil-for-food problems'
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and 10 May
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and B Crossette, 'No simple place to pin blame for Iraq oil-for-food problems', UN Wire, 10 May 2004.
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UN Wire
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Crossette, B.1
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107
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32144444960
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'Audit: $9 billion unaccounted for in Iraq'
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Associated Press 31 January
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L Margasak, 'Audit: $9 billion unaccounted for in Iraq', Associated Press, 31 January 2005.
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Margasak, L.1
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108
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32144445666
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-
The delay in its creation was the result of sharp disagreement over the extent of its mandate between the CPA and IAMB members (the UN, World Bank, IMF, and Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development). Press releases from
-
The delay in its creation was the result of sharp disagreement over the extent of its mandate between the CPA and IAMB members (the UN, World Bank, IMF, and Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development). Press releases from http://www.iamb.info/pressrel.htm;
-
-
-
-
109
-
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32144437327
-
'Racing the deadline: The rush to account for Iraq's public funds'
-
and Open Society Institute, April
-
and 'Racing the deadline: The rush to account for Iraq's public funds', Revenue Watch 6, Open Society Institute, April 2004.
-
(2004)
Revenue Watch 6
-
-
-
110
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32144443383
-
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note
-
Many fear that only administrative sanctions will be taken against offenders and that contracted companies will only undertake minimal repayment for over-pricing and other frauds.
-
-
-
-
111
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Coalition Provisional Authority Order No 59, 1 June
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Coalition Provisional Authority Order No 59, 1 June 2004.
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-
-
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112
-
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32144443217
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'New watchdog to sniff out corruption in Iraq'
-
Agence France Press, 20 June
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D Haynes, 'New watchdog to sniff out corruption in Iraq', Agence France Press, 20 June 2004;
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-
Haynes, D.1
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114
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32144459013
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'Iraq oil probe to take many months'
-
Coalition Provisional Authority Order No 77, 18 April 2004. This move was seen by some as a delaying mechanism to protect the reputation of the UN from the oil-for-food programme scandal until UNsupervised elections could be undertaken. See 28 May
-
Coalition Provisional Authority Order No 77, 18 April 2004. This move was seen by some as a delaying mechanism to protect the reputation of the UN from the oil-for-food programme scandal until UNsupervised elections could be undertaken. See B Pisik, 'Iraq oil probe to take many months', Washington Times, 28 May 2004;
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Washington Times
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Pisik, B.1
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115
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32144456297
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'The growing gap. Bremer has alienated Iraqis'
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and 21 May
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and M Rubin, 'The growing gap. Bremer has alienated Iraqis', National Review Online, 21 May 2004.
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Rubin, M.1
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116
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32144446216
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note
-
Many critics question the 'sovereignty' of interim Iraqi authorities, pointing to continued reliance on US security, policy advisers and funds. The interim prime minister, Ayad Allawi, has long had connections with the CIA and MI6, and purveyed some of the (dubious) intelligence upon which the war on Iraq was justified by the USA and Britain. See press reports at www.sourcewatch.org.
-
-
-
-
118
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32144461639
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'Irak'
-
translation by the author
-
Rigaud, 'Irak', p 19, translation by the author.
-
-
-
Rigaud1
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119
-
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32144437714
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'The struggle for Iraq: Iraq's wealth; a popular idea: Give oil money to the people rather than the despots'
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10 September
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J Thierney, 'The struggleGfor Iraq: Iraq's wealth; a popular idea: give oil money to the people rather than the despots', New York Times, 10 September 2003;
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Thierney, J.1
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120
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84883996071
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'Combating the natural resource curse with citizen revenue distribution funds: Oil and the case of Iraq'
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and December
-
and TI Palley, 'Combating the natural resource curse with citizen revenue distribution funds: Oil and the case of Iraq', Foreign Policy in Focus Special Report, December 2003.
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Foreign Policy in Focus Special Report
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-
Palley, T.I.1
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121
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2142714111
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'It is possible to just give money to the poor'
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On the viability of direct aid disbursement to individuals, see
-
On the viability of direct aid disbursement to individuals, see J Hanlon, 'It is possible to just give money to the poor', Development and Change, 35 (2), 2004, pp 375-383.
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Hanlon, J.1
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122
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32144451945
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'Oil revenue accountability in Iraq: Breaking the resource curse'
-
Critiques of this 'oil-for-the-people' option point out that the current public service could not be relied on to distribute the money honestly. See Iraq Revenue Watch, New York
-
Critiques of this 'oil-for-the-people' option point out that the current public service could not be relied on to distribute the money honestly. See 'Oil revenue accountability in Iraq: Breaking the resource curse', Briefing 5, Iraq Revenue Watch, New York, 2003.
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(2003)
Briefing 5
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-
-
123
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-
The Transitional Iraqi Government (post-elections in early 2005) can request the UN Security Council to review this policy. UNSC S/RES/1546, 8 June
-
The Transitional Iraqi Government (post-elections in early 2005) can request the UN Security Council to review this policy. UNSC S/RES/1546, 8 June 2004.
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(2004)
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-
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124
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32144440358
-
-
See Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 21 November and www.eitransparency.org/
-
See Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 21 November 1997; and www.eitransparency.org/.
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(1997)
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125
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84867367051
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'McJihad: Islam in the US global order'
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See 73
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See T Mitchell, 'McJihad: Islam in the US global order', Social Text, 73, 20(4), 2002, pp 1-18.
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Mitchell, T.1
|