Threats to international travellers posed by tick-borne diseases

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 4-13

  Jensenius, Mogens ^a,d   Parola, Philippe ^b,c   Raoult, Didier ^b  

^a AKER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^c Aix Marseille university   (France)

^d NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Borreliosis; Rickettsioses; Tick borne diseases; Tick borne encephalitis; Ticks

Indexed keywords

ACARICIDE; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMOXICILLIN; ATOVAQUONE; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFTRIAXONE; CLINDAMYCIN; DIETHYLTOLUAMIDE; DOXYCYCLINE; PENICILLIN G; PERMETHRIN; QUININE SULFATE; RIFAMPICIN; TETRACYCLINE;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ARTICLE; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; CENTRAL AMERICA; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMPIRICISM; ENDEMIC DISEASE; EUROPE; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; LABORATORY TEST; LYME DISEASE; NONHUMAN; NORTH AMERICA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RICKETTSIA AFRICAE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUPERINFECTION; TICK BITE; TICK BORNE DISEASE; TICK BORNE ENCEPHALITIS FLAVIVIRUS; TOURISM; TRAVEL;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DOXYCYCLINE; HUMANS; TICK-BORNE DISEASES; TICKS; TRAVEL; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 32044471296     PISSN: 14778939     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.11.003     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. P. Parola D. Raoult Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: An emerging infectious threat Clin Infect Dis 32 2001 897-928
2. A. Estrada-Pena F. Jongejan Ticks feeding on humans: A review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission Exp Appl Acarol 23 1999 685-715
3. A.C. Steere Lyme disease N Engl J Med 345 2001 115-125
4. U.R. Hengge A. Tannapfel S.K. Tyring R. Erbel G. Arendt T. Ruzicka Lyme borreliosis Lancet Infect Dis 3 2003 489-500
5. G. Stanek Borreliosis travel medicine J Travel Med 2 1995 244-251
6. I. Abadie E. Marc J. Bursztyn M. Assous D. Gendrel Isolated intracranial hypertension due to Lyme's disease Arch Pediatr 10 2003 791-793
7. G.L. Campbell D.T. Dennis T.J. Quan R.J. Scrimenti Acute Lyme disease in an American tourist returning from Germany Clin Infect Dis 17 1993 523-524
8. K. Matsumuro H. Iwaki M. Nakagawa M. Osame Lyme disease acquired outside of Japan Intern Med 31 1992 573
9. I.E. Salit H. Artsob S.C. Cheung Imported case of Bannwarth's syndrome (chronic lymphocytic meningoradiculitis or Lyme meningitis) Can Dis Wkly Rep 14 1988 31-34
10. C.C. dos Santos K.C. Kain Two tick-borne diseases in one: A case report of concurrent babesiosis and Lyme disease in Ontario CMAJ 160 1999 1851-1853
11. Health Protection Agency. Illness in England, Wales and Northern Ireland associated with foreign travel; 2004.
12. Summary of notifiable diseases-United States 2001 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 2003 I
13. J.I. Harwell D. Fisher Fever, cough and rash in a twelve-year-old traveler Pediatr Infect Dis J 19 2000 81
14. T.T. Robinson L. Herman R.B. Birrer K.J. Wallis A. Sama Lyme carditis: A rare presentation in an unexpected setting Am J Emerg Med 16 1998 265-269
15. M.S. Dworkin T.G. Schwan D.E. Anderson Jr Tick-borne relapsing fever in North America Med Clin North Am 86 2002 417
16. P.M. Rath G. Rogler A. Schonberg H.D. Pohle F.J. Fehrenbach Relapsing fever and its serological discrimination from Lyme borreliosis Infection 20 1992 283-286
17. S.J. Cutler C.O. Akintunde J. Moss et al. Successful in vitro cultivation of Borrelia duttonii and its comparison with Borrelia recurrentis Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 1999 1793-1799
18. J.J. McNamara H.H. Kay Relapsing fever (Borrelia) in an adolescent tourist in Israel J Adolesc Health Care 9 1988 421-423
19. E. Flatau N. Reichman M. Elias R. Raz Malaria and Borrelia co-infection J Travel Med 7 2000 98-99
20. R. Colebunders P. De Serrano A. Van Gompel et al. Imported relapsing fever in European tourists Scand J Infect Dis 25 1993 533-536
21. M. Huber D. Eichenlaub Relapsing fever in a tourist to Africa MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 126 1984 178-180
22. D. Miron A. Olshinsky N. Assy M. Zuker M. Efrat O. Hussein Plasmodium and Borrelia co-infection J Travel Med 11 2004 115-116
23. J.L. Rummens A. Louwagie A. Van Hoof J. Boelaert B. Gordts H.W. Van Landuyt Relapsing fever imported into Belgium: A case report Acta Clin Belg 42 1987 210-214
24. L.W. Poulsen G. Iversen Relapsing fever: A differential diagnosis to malaria Scand J Infect Dis 28 1996 419-420
25. Outbreak of relapsing fever-Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1990 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 40 1991 296-297
26. R.T. Trevejo M.E. Schriefer K.L. Gage et al. An interstate outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever among vacationers at a Rocky Mountain cabin Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 1998 743-747
27. T.G. Schwan P.F. Policastro Z. Miller R.L. Thompson T. Damrow J.E. Keirans Tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia hermsii, Montana Emerg Infect Dis 9 2003 1151-1154
28. P.J. Kelly L. Beati P.R. Mason L.A. Matthewman V. Roux D. Raoult Rickettsia africae sp. nov., the etiological agent of African tick bite fever Int J Syst Bacteriol 46 1996 611-614
29. M. Jensenius P.E. Fournier P. Kelly B. Myrvang D. Raoult African tick bite fever Lancet Infect Dis 3 2003 557-564
30. D. Raoult P.E. Fournier F. Fenollar M. Jensenius T. Prioe JJ. de Puna Rickettsia africae, a Tick-Borne pathogen in travelers to sub-Saharan Africa N Engl J Med 344 2001 1504-1510
31. P. Brouqui H.T. Dupont M. Drancourt A. Bourgeade D. Raoult Spotless boutonneuse fever Clin Infect Dis 14 1992 114-116
32. M. Jensenius P.E. Fournier S. Vene T. Hoel G. Hasle K.B. Hellum et al. African tick bite fever in travelers to rural sub-Equatorial Africa Clin Infect Dis 36 2003 1411-1417
33. P. Parola J. Jourdan D. Raoult Tick-borne infection caused by Rickettsia africae in the West Indies N Engl J Med 338 1998 1391
34. P.E. Fournier M. Jensenius H. Laferl S. Vene D. Raoult Kinetics of antibody responses in Rickettsia africae and Rickettsia conorii infections Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9 2002 324-328
35. A. Rahman A. Tegnell S. Vene J. Giesecke Rickettsioses in Swedish travellers, 1997-2001 Scand J Infect Dis 35 2003 247-250
36. G. Caruso C. Zasio F. Guzzo C. Granata V. Mondardini E. Guerra et al. Outbreak of African tick-bite fever in six Italian tourists returning from South Africa Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21 2002 133-136
37. P.E. Fournier V. Roux E. Caumes M. Donzel D. Raoult Outbreak of Rickettsia africae infections in participants of an adventure race in South Africa Clin Infect Dis 27 1998 316-323
38. B.L. Smoak J.B. McClain J.F. Brundage L. Broadhuast D.J. Kelly G.A. Dasch et al. An outbreak of spotted fever rickettsiosis in US Army troops deployed to Botswana Emerg Infect Dis 2 1996 217-221
39. D. Raoult P.J. Weiller A. Chagnon H. Chaudet H. Gallais P. Casanova Mediterranean spotted fever: Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of 199 cases Am J Trop Med Hyg 35 1986 845-850
40. A. Marschang H.D. Nothdurft S. Kumlien F. von Sonnenburg Imported rickettsioses in German travelers Infection 23 1995 94-97
41. P. Parola F. Fenollar S. Badiaga P. Brouqui D. Raoult First documentation of Rickettsia conorii infection (strain Indian tick typhus) in a traveler Emerg Infect Dis 7 2001 909-910
42. P.E. Fournier B. Xeridat D. Raoult Isolation of a rickettsia related to Astrakhan fever rickettsia from a patient in Chad Ann NY Acad Sci 990 2003 152-157
43. W.J. Williams S. Radulovic G.A. Dasch J. Lindstrom D.J. Kelly C.N. Oster et al. Identification of Rickettsia conorii infection by polymerase chain reaction in a soldier returning from Somalia Clin Infect Dis 19 1994 93-99
44. B. McCarron S.J. Clelland D. Kennedy A. Pithie Visual loss in a returning traveller with tick typhus Scot Med J 43 1998 116-117
45. J.S. Rutherford Fatal spotted Fever rickettsiosis, Kenya Emerg Infect Dis 10 2004 910-913
46. M. Jensenius P.E. Fournier D. Raoult Tick-borne rickettsioses in international travellers Int J Infect Dis 8 2004 139-146
47. J.M. Rolain M. Jensenius D. Raoult Rickettsial infections-a threat to travellers? Curr Opin Infect Dis 17 2004 433-437
48. M.R. Lewin D.H. Bouyer D.H. Walker D.M. Musher Rickettsia sibirica infection in members of scientific expeditions to northern Asia Lancet 362 2003 1201-1202
49. K.M. Reinauer K. Jaschonek G. Kusch W.R. Heizmann P.C. Doller H. Jenss Rocky Mountain spotted fever Dtsch Med Wochenschr 115 1990 53-56
50. S.A. Roberts T. McClelland S.D.R. Lang Queensland tick typhus infection acquired whilst on holiday in Queensland NZ Med J 113 2000 343
51. D. Raoult P.E. Fournier P. Abboud F. Caron First documented human Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection Emerg Infect Dis 8 2002 748-749
52. D.H. Walker Rickettsial diseases in travelers Travel Med Infect Dis 1 2003 35-40
53. K. Matsumoto P. Parola P. Brouqui D. Raoult Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma ticks from Corsica Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23 2004 732-734
54. J.S. Bakken J.S. Dumler Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis Clin Infect Dis 31 2000 554-560
55. J.S. Bakken M.E. Aguero-Rosenfeld R.L. Tilden et al. Serial measurements of hematologic counts during the active phase of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis Clin Infect Dis 32 2001 862-870
56. I. Gilson P. Jones Human ehrlichiosis diagnosed in Wisconsin Wis Med J 90 1991 219-221
57. K. Maeda N. Markowitz R.C. Hawley M. Ristic D. Cox J.E. McDade Human infection with Ehrlichia canis, a leukocytic rickettsia N Engl J Med 316 1987 853-856
58. A.E. Smith Sehdev P.S. Sehdev R. Jacobs J.S. Dumler Human monocytic ehrlichiosis presenting as acute appendicitis during pregnancy Clin Infect Dis 35 2002 e99-e102
59. H. Laferl W. Hogrefe T. Kock H. Pichler A further case of acute human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Slovenia Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 18 1999 385-386
60. Z. Hubalek W. Sixl J. Halouzka M. Mikulaskova Prevalence of Francisella tularensis in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected in adjacent areas of the Czech and Austrian Republics Cent Eur J Public Health 5 1997 199-201
61. P.E. Fournier L. Bernabeu B. Schubert M. Mutillod V. Roux D. Raoult Isolation of Francisella tularensis by centrifugation of shell vial cell culture from an inoculation eschar J Clin Microbiol 36 1998 2782-2783
62. A. Tarnvik L. Berglund Tularaemia Eur Respir J 21 2003 361-373
63. A.B. Brantsaeter T. Hoel T.I. Kristianslund A. Maeland Tularemia after tick bite in Vestfold Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 118 1998 1191-1193
64. J.A. Gelfand M.V. Callahan Babesiosis: An update on epidemiology and treatment Curr Infect Dis Rep 5 2003 53-58
65. B.L. Herwaldt S. Caccio F. Gherlinzoni et al. Molecular characterization of a non-Babesia divergens organism causing zoonotic babesiosis in Europe Emerg Infect Dis 9 2003 942-948
66. J.C. Hatcher P.D. Greenberg J. Antique V.E. Jimenez-Lucho Severe babesiosis in Long Island: Review of 34 cases and their complications Clin Infect Dis 32 2001 1117-1125
67. D.J. White J. Talarico H.G. Chang G.S. Birkhead T. Heimberger D.L. Morse Human babesiosis in New York State: Review of 139 hospitalized cases and analysis of prognostic factors Arch Intern Med 158 1998 2149-2154
68. L. Machtinger S.R. Telford III C. Inducil E. Klapper S.H. Pepkowitz D. Goldfinger Treatment of babesiosis by red blood cell exchange in an HIV-positive, splenectomized patient J Clin Apheresis 8 1993 78-81
69. D.H. Persing D. Mathiesen W.F. Marshall et al. Detection of Babesia microti by polymerase chain reaction J Clin Microbiol 30 1992 2097-2103
70. C. Thompson A. Spielman P.J. Krause Coinfecting deer-associated zoonoses: Lyme disease, babesiosis, and ehrlichiosis Clin Infect Dis 33 2001 676-685
71. L. Loutan J. Rossier G. Zufferey et al. Imported babesiosis diagnosed as malaria Lancet 342 1993 749
72. M. Humiczewska W. Kuzna-Grygiel A case of imported human babesiosis in Poland Wiad Parazytol 43 1997 227-229
73. E. Nohynkova J. Kubek O. Mest'ankova P. Chalupa Z. Hubalek A case of Babesia microti imported into the Czech Republic from the USA Cas Lek Cesk 142 2003 377-381
74. U. Dumpis D. Crook J. Oksi Tick-borne encephalitis Clin Infect Dis 28 1999 882-890
75. M. Haglund G. Gunther Tick-borne encephalitis-pathogenesis, clinical course and long-term follow-up Vaccine 21 Suppl 1 2003 S11-S18
76. R.P. Aendekerk A.N. Schrivers P.J. Koehler Tick-borne encephalitis complicated by a polio-like syndrome following a holiday in central Europe Clin Neurol Neurosurg 98 1996 262-264
77. B.L. Kessels R. van Dijl P.H. van Keulen G.P. Verburg Tick-encephalitis after a vacation in Southern Germany Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 143 1999 1784-1786
78. A.N. McNair J.L. Brown Tick-borne encephalitis complicated by monoplegia and sensorineural deafness J Infect 22 1991 81-86
79. Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control. Annual report, 2003; 2004.
80. K. Laursen J.D. Knudsen Tick-borne encephalitis: A retrospective study of clinical cases in Bornholm, Denmark Scand J Infect Dis 35 2003 354-357
81. Asokliene L. Tickborne encephalitis in Lithuania; 24-6-2004 www.eurosurveillance.com.
82. Lucenko I, Jansone I, Velicko I, Pujate E. Tickborne encephalitis in Latvia; 24-6-2004 www.eurosurveillance.com.
83. Beran J. Tickborne encephalitis in the Czech Republic; 2004 www.eurosurveillance.com.
84. M. Bröker D. Gniel New foci of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Europe: Consequences for travellers from abroad Travel Med Infect Dis 1 2003 181-183
85. A. Bjoersdorff B. Wittesjo J. Berglun R.F. Massung I. Eliasson Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis as a common cause of tick-associated fever in Southeast Sweden: Report from a prospective clinical study Scand J Infect Dis 34 2002 187-191
86. D. Golubic S. Zember Dual infection: Tularemia and Lyme borreliosis acquired by single tick bite in northwest Croatia Acta Med Croatica 55 2001 207-209
87. P.J. Krause S.R. Telford III A. Spielman et al. Concurrent Lyme disease and babesiosis. Evidence for increased severity and duration of illness. JAMA 275 1996 1657-1660
88. P. Greenstein Tick paralysis Med Clin North Am 86 2002 441-446
89. H. Inokuma H. Takahata P.E. Fournier et al. Tick paralysis by Ixodes holocyclus in a Japanese traveler returning from Australia Ann NY Acad Sci 990 2003 357-358
90. B.M. Gordon C.C. Giza Tick paralysis presenting in an urban environment Pediatr Neurol 30 2004 122-124
91. J.F. Carroll V.B. Solberg J.A. Klun M. Kramer M. Debboun Comparative activity of deet and AI3-37220 repellents against the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in laboratory bioassays J Med Entomol 41 2004 249-254
92. A.M. Pretorius M. Jensenius F. Clarke S.H. Ringertz Repellent efficacy of DEET and KBR 3023 against Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae) J Med Entomol 40 2003 245-248
93. J. Sejvar E. Bancroft K. Winthrop J. Bettinger M. Bajani S. Bragg et al. Leptospirosis in 'Eco-Challenge' athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000 Emerg Infect Dis 9 2003 702-707