Use of primary health care services according to the different degrees of obesity in the Girona Health Region, Spain

Health Economics

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 173-193

  Saez, Marc ^a,b   Saurina, Carme ^a   Coenders, Germà ^a   González Raya, Sònia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GIRONA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Health care; Hierarchical models; Inequity; Obesity

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; OBESITY; PHYSICIAN INCOME; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; SOCIOECONOMICS; SPAIN; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, STATISTICAL; OBESITY; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; SPAIN;

EID: 32044452883     PISSN: 10579230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hec.1059     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer. Measuring and testing for inequity in the delivery of health care. J Hum Resour 2001; 35(4): 716-733.
2. Starfield B. Equity in health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 483-484.
3. Anand S. The concern for equity in health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 485-487.
4. Chang WC. The meaning and goals of equity in health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 488-491.
5. Knapp TR. A methodological critique of the 'ideal weight' concept. J Am Med Assoc 1983; 250: 506-510.
6. Bagust A, Lynne-Roberts B, Haycox AR, Barrow S. The additional cost of obesity to the health service and the potential for resource savings from effective interventions. Eur J Public Health 1999; 9(4): 258-264.
7. Getzen TE. Health care is an individual necessity and a national luxury: applying multilevel decision models to the analysis of health care expenditures. J Health Econ 2000; 19: 259-270.
8. Jiménez-Martín S, Labeaga JM, Martínez-Granado M. Latent class versus two-part models in the demand for physician services across the European Union. Health Econ 2002; 11(4): 301-321.
9. Halldórsson M, Kunst AE, Köhler L, Mackenbach JP. Socioeconomic differences in children's use of physician services in the Nordic countries. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 200-204.
10. Lorant V, Boland B, Humblet P, Deliège D. Equity in prevention and health care. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 510-516.
11. Urbanos R. Explaining inequality in the use of public health care services: evidence from Spain. Health Care Manage Sci 2001; 4(2): 143-157.
12. Regidor E, Mateo S, Gutiérrez-Fisach JL, Fernández K, Rodríguez C. Socioeconomic differences in the use and accessibility of health care services in Spain. Med Clin 1996; 107: 285-288 (in Spanish).
13. Álvarez B. Attended demand of medical consultations and urgent services in Spain. Invest Econ 2001; 25: 93-138 (in Spanish).
14. Puig J, Saez M, Martínez-García E. Why do patients prefer hospital emergency visits? A nested multinomial logit analysis for patient-initiated contacts. Health Care Manage Sci 1998; 1: 39-52.
15. Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Regidor E, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. The size of obesity differences associated with educational level in Spain, 1987 and 1995/97. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 457-460.
16. Aranceta J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Serra Ll et al. Prevalence of obesity in Spain: results of the SEEDO 2000 study. Med Clín 2003; 120(16): 608-612 (in Spanish).
17. Lorant V, Tonglet R. Obesity: trend in inequality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54: 637-638.
18. Kinra S, Nelder RP, Lewendon GJ. Deprivation and childhood obesity: a cross sectional study of 20,973 children in Plymouth, United Kingdom. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54: 456-460.
19. Okasha M, McCarron P, McEwen J, Durnin J, Davey Smith G. Childhood social class and adulthood obesity: findings from the Glasgow Alumni Cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57: 508-509.
20. Servicio de Estudios de La Caixa. Spanish Economic Yearbook 2002. Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona: Barcelona, 2002 (in Spanish).
21. Saez M, García-Rafanell JM, Fernández-Real JM et al. Prevalence of obesity in the population of Girona, Spain, 1995-1999. Gaceta Sanitaria 2001; 15(2): 95-103 (in Spanish).
22. Catalonia Health Survey, 2002. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social: Barcelona, 2003 (in Catalan).
23. Ponsà JA, Cutillas S, Elías A et al. The reform of primary health care. Fulls Econòmics del Sistema Sanitari 2003; 37: 8-15 (in Catalan).
24. Regió Sanitària Girona. Health Plan of the Girona Health Region, 1999-2001. Regió Sanitària Girona, Servei Català de la Salut, Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social, Generalitat de Catalunya: Girona, 2000 (in Catalan).
25. Saez M. Factors conditioning primary care services utilization. Empirical evidence and methodological inconsistencies. Gaceta Sanitaria 2003; 17(5): 412-419 (in Spanish).
26. Gené J, Marzo M. Clinical governance of primary health care. Fulls Econòmics del Sistema Sanitari 2003; 37: 29-32 (in Catalan).
27. Rice N, Jones AM, Goldstein H. Multilevel models where the random effects are correlated with the fixed predictors. Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, 2002.
28. Santos-Silva JMC, Windmeijer F. Two-part multiple spell models for health care demand. IFS WP Series 1999; W99/2.
29. Deb P, Trivedi PK. The structure of demand for health care: latent class versus two-part models. J Health Econ 2002; 21: 601-625.
30. Saez M. The problem of repeated measurements. Longitudinal analysis in epidemiology. Gaceta Sanitaria 2001; 15(4): 347-352 (in Spanish).
31. Breslow NE, Clayton DG. Approximate inference in Generalized Linear Mixed Models. J Am Stat Assoc 1993; 88(421): 9-25.
32. McCullagh P, Nelder JA. Generalized Linear Models. Chapman & Hall: London, 1989.
33. Cameron AC, Trivedi PK. Econometric models based on count data: comparisons and applications of some estimators and tests. J Appl Econom 1986; 1: 29-53.
34. Cameron AC, Trivedi PK. Regression Analysis of Count Data. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1998.
35. Mullahy J. Specification and testing of some modified count data models. J Econom 1986; 33: 341-365.
36. Brown H, Prescott R. Applied Mixed Models in Medicine. Wiley: Chichester, UK, 1999.
37. Wolfinger R, O'Connell M. Generalized linear mixed models: a pseudo-likelihood approach. J Stat Comput Simulation 1993; 48: 233-243.
38. Blundell R, Windmeijer F. Correlated cluster effects and simultaneity in multilevel models. Health Econ 1997; 1: 6-13.
39. Hausman JA. Specification tests in economics. Econometrica 1978; 46: 1251-1271.
40. Fielding A. The role of the Hausman test and whether higher level effects should be treated as random effects. Multilevel Modell Newslett 2004; 16(2): 3-9.
41. Mundlak Y. On the pooling of time series and cross-section data. Econometrica 1978; 46: 69-85.
42. Martin S, Smith PC. Using panel methods to model waiting times for National Health Service surgery. J R Stat Soc Ser A 2003; 166(3): 369-387.
43. Greene WH. Econometric Analysis (2nd edn). Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993.
44. S-Plus 6 for Windows Guide to Statistics, vol. 1. Insightful Corporation: Seattle, WA, 2001.
45. López-Casasnovas G, Saez M. Apropos of private health insurance. Gaceta Sanitaria 2005; 19(1): 59-64 (in Spanish).
46. Heithoff KA, Cuffel BJ, Kennedy S, Peters J. The association between body mass and health care expenditures. Clin Therapeutics 1997; 19(4): 811-820.
47. Quesenberry CP, Caan B, Jacobson A. Obesity, health services use, and health care costs among members of a health maintenance organization. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158(5): 466-472.
48. Fuchs VR, McClellan M, Skinner J. Area differences in utilization of medical care and mortality among U.S. elderly. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 8628, 2001.
49. Breyer F, Heineck M, Lorenz N. Determinants of health care utilization by German sickness fund members - with application to risk adjustment. Health Econ 2003; 12(5): 367-376.
50. Veugelers PJ, Yip AM. Socioeconomic disparities in health care use: does universal coverage reduce inequalities in health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57: 424-428.
51. Patterson HD, Thompson R. Recovery of interblock information with block sizes are unequal. Biometrika 1971; 58: 545-554.