Visual method for evaluating the state of sexual development in male grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)

Reproduction, Fertility and Development

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 383-393

  Ferryman, Mark ^a   Mayle, Brenda A ^a   Morgan, Geoff W ^a  

^a FOREST RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Age class; Breeding condition; Epididymal spermatozoa; Sperm motility

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; AUTUMN; BREEDING; EPIDIDYMIS; FERTILITY; MALE; NONHUMAN; POPULATION BIOLOGY; SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS; SCORING SYSTEM; SCROTUM; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SPERMATOZOON; SPERMATOZOON MOTILITY; SQUIRREL; STAINING; TESTIS; VISION;

ANIMALS; GREAT BRITAIN; MALE; REPRODUCTION; SCIURIDAE; SEASONS; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; SPERM COUNT; SPERM MOTILITY;

ANIMALIA; SCIURIDAE; SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS;

EID: 31944433560     PISSN: 10313613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/RD05129     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Allanson, M. (1933). The reproductive processes of certain mammals. V. Changes in the reproductive organs of the male grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 222, 79-96.
2. Barkalow, F. S. J., and Soots, R. F., Jr (1975). Life span and reproductive longevity of the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). J. Mammal. 56, 522-524.
3. Barrier, M. J., and Barkalow, F. S. J. (1967). A rapid technique for aging gray squirrels in winter pelage. J. Wildlife Manage. 31, 715-719.
4. Brauer, A., and Dusing, A. (1961). Sexual cycles and breeding seasons of the gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 27, 16-17.
5. Deanesly, R., and Parkes, A. S. (1933). The reproductive processes of certain mammals. IV. The estrous cycle of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 222, 47-78.
6. Dubock, A. C. (1976). Reproductive cycles in the male and female grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
7. Dubock, A. C. (1979a). Male grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) reproductive cycles in Britain. J. Zool. 188, 41-51.
8. Dubock, A. C. (1979b). Methods of age determination in grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in Britain. J. Zool. 188, 27-40.
9. Fagerstone, K. A., Coffey, M. A., Curtis, P. D., Dolbeer, R. A., Killian, G. J., Miller, L. A., and Wilmot, L. M. (2002). 'Wildlife fertility control.' Wildlife Society Technical Review 02-2.
10. Fisher, E.W., and Perry, A. E. (1970). Estimating ages of gray squirrels by lens-weights. J. Wildlife Manage. 34, 825-828.
11. Gurnell, J. (1983). Squirrel numbers and the abundance of tree seeds. Mammal Rev. 13, 133-148.
12. Gurnell, J. (1987). 'The Natural History of Squirrels.' (Christopher Helm: London, UK.)
13. Gurnell, J. (1991). Grey squirrel. In 'The Handbook of British Mammals'. (Eds G. B. Corbet and S. Harris.) pp. 186-191. (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, UK.)
14. Gurnell, J. (1996). The effects of food availability and winter weather on the dynamics of a grey squirrel population in Southern England. J. Appl. Ecol. 33, 325-338.
15. Hoffman, R. A., and Kirkpatrick, C. M. (1956). An analysis of techniques for determining male squirrel reproductive development. Trans Nth Am. Wildl. Conf. 21, 346-355.
16. Home Office (1990). 'Guidance on the Operation of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.' (HMSO: London, UK.)
17. Kirkpatrick, C. M. (1955). The testis of the fox squirrel in relation to age and seasons. Am. J. Anat. 97, 229-255. doi:10.1002/AJA.1000970203
18. Kirkpatrick, C. M., and Hoffman, R. A. (1960). Ages and reproductive cycles in a male gray squirrel population. J. Wildlife Manage. 24, 218-221.
19. Klevezal, G. A., and Kleinenberg, S. E. (1967). 'Age Determination of Mammals from Annual Layers in Teeth and Bones.' (Izdatel'stvo: Moscow, Russia.) [In Russian]
20. Koprowski, J. L. (1994). Sciurus carolinensis. Mamm. Species 480, 1-9.
21. Martan, J., Adams, C. S., and Perkins, B. L. (1970). Epididymal spermatozoa of two species of squirrels. J. Mammal. 51, 376-378.
22. Mayle, B., Pepper, H., and Ferryman, M. (2004). 'Controlling grey squirrel damage to woodlands.' Forestry Commission Practice Note 4. (Forestry Commission: Edinburgh, UK.)
23. Middleton, A. D. (1930). The ecology of the American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis, Gmelin) in the British Isles. Proc. Zoolog. Soc. London 1930, 804-842.
24. Moore, H. D. M., Jenkins, N. M., and Wong, C. (1997). Immunocontraception in rodents: a review of the development of a sperm-based immunocontraceptive vaccine for the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 9, 125-129. doi:10.1071/R96053
25. Mossman, H. W., Lawlah, J. W., and Bradley, J. A. (1932). The male reproductive tract of the sciuridae. Am. J. Anat. 51, 89-155. doi:10.1002/AJA.1000510105
26. Mossman, H. W., Katz, A. M., and Rubnitz, L. H. (1933). Changes in the testes and accessory glands of the gray and fox squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis and S. niger) during their seasonal reproductive cycle. Anat. Rec. 55, 69.
27. Mossman, H. W., Hoffman, R. A., and Kirkpatrick, C. M. (1955). The accessory genital glands of male gray and fox squirrels correlated with age and reproductive cycles. Am. J. Anat. 97, 257-302. doi:10.1002/AJA.1000970204
28. Ozgul, A., Getz, L. L., and Oli, M. K. (2004). Demography of fluctuating populations: temporal and phase-related changes in vital rates of Microtus ochrogaster. J. Anim. Ecol. 73, 201-215. doi:10.1111/J.0021-8790.2004.00797.X
29. Payne, R. W., Baird, D. B., Cherry, M., Gilmour, A. R., Harding, S. A., et al. (2002). 'Genstat Release 6.1 Reference Manual.' (VSN International: Oxford, UK.)
30. Pudney, J. (1976). Seasonal changes in the testes and epididymis of the American grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). J. Zool. 179, 107-120.
31. Sharp, W. M. (1958). Aging gray squirrels by use of tail-pelage characteristics. J. Wildlife Manage. 22, 29-34.
32. Shorten, M. (1951). Some aspects of the biology of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Great Britain. Proc. Zoolog. Soc. London 121, 427-459.
33. Shorten, M. (1954). 'Squirrels.' (Collins: London, UK.)
34. Siwela, A. A., and Tam, W. H. (1983). Reproductive cycle and seasonal changes in the prostate gland of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin). In 'Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Comparative Endocrinology'. (Eds B. Lofts and W. N. Holmes.) pp. 289-292. (Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong.)
35. Tait, A. J., and Johnson, E. (1982). Spermatogenesis in the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and changes during sexual regression. J. Reprod. Fertil. 65, 53-58.
36. Taylor, J. C. (1968). The use of marking points by grey squirrels. J. Zool. 155, 246-247.
37. Thompson, D. C. (1977). Reproductive behaviour of the grey squirrel. Can. J. Zool. 55, 1176-1184.
38. Uhlig, H. G. (1955). The determination of age of nestling and sub-adult gray squirrels in West Virginia. J. Wildlife Manage. 19, 479-483.
39. Wauters, L., and Dhondt, A. A. (1990). Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1759) population dynamics in different habitats. Z. Saugetierkd. 55, 161-175.
40. Webley, G. E. (1982). A study of aspects of the reproductive physiology in the male and female grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
41. Webley, G. E., and Johnson, E. (1983). Reproductive physiology of the Grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Mammal Rev. 13, 149-154.