Seedling recruitment and survival of an endangered limestone endemic in its natural habitat and experimental reintroduction sites

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 689-698

  Maschinski, Joyce ^a,b   Baggs, Joanne E ^a,c   Sacchi, Christopher F ^a,d  

^a Arboretum at Flagstaff   (United States)

^b FAIRCHILD TROPICAL BOTANIC GARDEN   (United States)

^c Humboldt Toiyabe National Forest   (United States)

^d KUTZTOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Edaphic endemic; Endangered species; Germination; Limestone endemic; Rare species distribution; Recruitment; Reintroduction; Survivorship

Indexed keywords

ENDANGERED SPECIES; ENDEMIC SPECIES; RECRUITMENT; REINTRODUCTION; SURVIVAL;

ARIZONA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; VERDE VALLEY;

PURSHIA SUBINTEGRA;

EID: 31744434872     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: 00029122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.91.5.689     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. ANPC (AUSTRALIAN NETWORK FOR PLANT CONSERVATION). 1997. Guidelines for the translocation of threatened plants in Australia. ANCP, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
2. BAGGS, J. E. 1998. Report on long-term research on Purshia subintegra in the Verde Valley. Report to Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
3. BAGGS, J. E., AND J. MASCHINSKI. 2000. Annual report on the long-term research on Purshia subintegra in the Verde Valley for 1999. Report to Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
4. BAGGS, J. E., AND J. MASCHINSKI. 2001. From the greenhouse to the field: cultivation requirements of Purshia subintegra, Arizona cliffrose. In J. Maschinski and L. Holter [eds.], Southwestern rare and endangered plants: proceedings of the third conference, 176-185. 2000 September 25-28; Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. General Technical Report. RMRS-P-23. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
5. BRADY, N. C. 1990. The nature and properties of soils. MacMillan, New York, New York, USA.
6. BRIGGS, J. D., AND J. H. LEIGH. 1996. Rare or threatened Australian plants. CSIRO, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia.
7. BROWN, D. E. [ED.]. 1982. Biotic communities of the American Southwest - United States and Mexico. Desert Plants 4: 1-342.
8. CABIN, R. J., D. L. MARSHALL, AND R. J. MITCHELL. 2000. The demographic role of soil seed banks. II. Investigations of the fate of experimental seeds of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri. Journal of Ecology 88: 293-302.
9. CAIN, M. L., H. DAMMAN, AND A. MUIR. 1998. Seed dispersal and the Holocene migration of woodland herbs. Ecological Monographs 68: 325-347.
10. CHAMBERS, J. C. 2001. Pinus monophylla establishment in an expanding Pinus-Juniperus woodland: environmental conditions, facilitation and interacting factors. Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 27-40.
11. CULLY, A. 1996. Knowlton's Cactus (Pediocactus knowltonii) reintroduction. In D. A. Falk, C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell [eds.], Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants, 403-410. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
12. DAY, P. R. 1965. Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. In C. A. Black [ed.], Methods of soil analysis, 545-567. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
13. DIXON, B., AND S. KRAUSS. 2001. Translocation of Grevillea scapigera: is it working? Danthonia 10: 2-3.
14. DUNNE, J. A., AND V. T. PARKER. 1999. Species-mediated soil moisture availability and patchy establishment of Pseudotsuga menziesii in chaparral. Oecologia 119: 36-45.
15. ESCUDERO, A., R. SOMOLINOS, J. M. OLANO, AND A. RUBIO. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Helianthemum squamatum, an endemic gypsophile of semi-arid Spain. Journal of Ecology 87: 290-302.
16. ESCUDERO, A., J. M. IRIONDO, J. M. OLANO, A. RUBIO, AND R. C. SOMOLINOS. 2000. Factors affecting establishment of a gypsophyte: the case of Lepidium subulatum (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany 87: 861-871.
17. FALK, D. A., C. I. MILLAR, AND M. OLWELL [EDS.]. 1996. Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
18. FIEDLER, P. L., AND R. D. LAVEN. 1996. Selecting reintroduction sites. In D. A. Falk, C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell [eds.], Restoring diversity, 157-208. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
19. FITTS, R. D., V. J. TEPEDINO, AND T. L. GRISWOLD. 1993. The pollination biology of Arizona cliffrose (Purshia subintegra), including a report on experimental hybridization with its sympatric congener P. stansburiana (Rosaceae). In B. Sivinski and K. Lightfoot [eds.], Proceedings of the southwestern rare and endangered plant conference, 359-220. New Mexico Forestry and Resources Conservation, No. 2, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
20. FOWLER, N. 1988. What is a safe site? Neighbor, litter, germination date, and patch effects. Ecology 69: 947-961.
21. GERMAINE, H. L., AND G. R. MCPHERSON. 1999. Effects of biotic factors on emergence and survival of Quercus emoryi at lower treeline, Arizona, U.S.A. Ecoscience 6: 92-99.
22. GUERRANT, E. O., JR. 1996. Experimental reintroduction of Stephanomeria malheurensis. In D. A. Falk, C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell [eds.], Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants, 399-402. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
23. HARPER, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London, UK.
24. HOLMGREN, M., M. SCHEFFER, AND M. A. HUSTON. 1997. The interplay of facilitation and competition in plant communities. Ecology 78: 1966-1975.
25. HOPPER, S. D. 1997. Future plant conservation challenges. In Fourth International Botanic Gardens Conservation Congress, 11-20. Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
26. HOPPER, S. D., S. VAN LEEUWEN, A. P. BROWN, AND S. J. PATRICK. 1990. Western Australia's endangered flora. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
27. HOWE, H. F., AND J. SMALLWOOD. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13: 201-228.
28. IBANEZ, I., AND E. W. SCHUPP. 2001. Positive and negative interactions between environmental conditions affecting Cercocarpus ledifolius seedling survival. Oecologia 129: 624-628.
29. IUCN (INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES). 2002. IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
30. JUENGER, T., AND J. BERGELSON. 2000. Factors limiting rosette recruitment in scarlet gilia, Ipomopsis aggregata: seed and disturbance limitation. Oecologia 123: 358-363.
31. KELSO, S., K. HECKMANN, J. LAWTON, AND G. MAENTZ. 1996. Endemic calciphiles of the Middle Arkansas Valley, Colorado. In J. Maschinski, H. D. Hammond, and L. Holter [eds.], Southwestern rare and endangered plants: Proceedings of the second conference, 270-280. 1995 September 11-14; Flagstaff, Arizona. General Technical Report RM-GTR-283. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
32. KEYES, C. R., S. A. ACKER, AND S. E. GREENE. 2001. Overstory and shrub influences on seedling recruitment patterns in an old-growth ponderosa pine stand. Northwest Science 75: 204-210.
33. LEIRANA, A. J., AND T. V. PARRA. 1999. Factors affecting the distribution, abundance and seedling survival of Mammillaria gaumeri, an endemic cactus of coastal Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments 41: 421-428.
34. LUDWIG, J. A., J. F. REYNOLDS, AND P. D. WHITSON. 1975. Size-biomass relationships of several chihuahuan Desert shrubs. American Midland Naturalist 94: 451-461.
35. MASCHINSKI, J., AND L. HOLTER [EDS.]. 2001. Southwestern rare and endangered plants: proceedings of the third conference. 2000 September 25-28; Flagstaff, Arizona. General Technical Report RMRS-P-23. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
36. MCAULIFFE, J. 1984. Sahuaro-nurse tree associations in the Sonoran Desert: competitive effects of sahuaros. Oecologia 64: 82-85.
37. MCGRAW, J. M., AND A. L. LEVIN. 1998. The roles of soil type and shade intolerance in limiting the distribution of the edaphic endemic Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana (Polygonaceae). Madroño 45: 119-127.
38. MEYER, S. E. 1986. The ecology of gypsophile endemism in the eastern Mojave Desert. Ecology 67: 1303-1313.
39. MUSTART, P. J., AND R. M. COWLING. 1993. The role of regeneration stages in the distribution of edaphically restricted fynbos Proteaceae. Ecology 74: 1490-1499.
40. NOAA (NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION). 2003. Website: ,http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research.
41. NOY-MEIR, I. 1973. Desert ecosystems: environment and procedures. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4: 25-51.
42. PARIKH, A., AND N. GALE. 1998. Coast live oak revegetation on the central coast of California. Madroño 45: 301-309.
43. PHILLIPS, B. G., D. LUTZ, R. POPOWSKI, AND H. SHAW. 1996. The Verde Valley Sonoran Desert scrub: an ecosystem at risk. In J. Maschinski, H. D. Hammond, and L. Holter [eds.], Southwestern rare and endangered plants: proceedings of the second conference, 231-236. 1995 September 11-14; Flagstaff, Arizona. General Technical Report RM-GTR-283. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
44. PRICE, M. V., AND J. W. JOYNER. 1997. What resources are available to desert granivores: seed rain or soil seed bank? Ecology 78: 764-773.
45. PYKE, D. A., AND J. N. THOMPSON. 1986. Statistical analysis of survival and removal rate experiments. Ecology 67: 240-245.
46. QUINTANA-ASCENCIO, P., R. W. DOLAN, AND E. S. MENGES. 1998. Hypericum cumilicola demography in unoccupied and occupied Florida scrub patches with different time-since-fire. Journal of Ecology 86: 640-651.
47. RORISON, I. H. 1960. Some experimental aspects of the calcicole-calcifuge problem. I. The effect of competition and mineral nutrition upon seedling growth in the field. Journal of Ecology 48: 585-599.
48. RUSSELL, S. K., AND E. W. SCHUPP. 1998. Effects of microhabitat patchiness on patterns of seed dispersal and seed predation of Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae). Oikos 81: 434-443.
49. SACCHI, C. F., AND P. W. PRICE. 1992. The relative roles of abiotic and biotic factors in seedling demography of arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis: Salicaceae). American Journal of Botany 79: 395-405.
50. SCHEMSKE, D. W., B. C. HUSBAND, M. H. RUCKELSHAUS, C. GOODWILLIE, I. M. PARKER, AND J. G. BISHOP. 1994. Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rare and endangered plants. Ecology 75: 584-607.
51. SHULTZ, L. M. 1993. Patterns of endemism in Utah flora. In R. C. Sivinski and K. Lightfoot [eds.], Southwestern rare and endangered plants: proceedings of the conference; 1993. March 30-April 2, 1992. Santa Fe, New Mexico, 249-269. New Mexico Forestry and Resources Conservation Division, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
52. SIVINSKI, R. C. AND P. J. KNIGHT. 1996. Narrow endemism in the New Mexico flora. In J. Maschinski, H. D. Hammond, and L. Holter [eds.], Southwestern rare and endangered plants: proceedings of the second conference, 286-296. 1995 September 11-14; Flagstaff, Arizona. General Technical Report RM-GTR-283. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
53. SOHOLT, L. F. 1973. Consumption of primary production by a population of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) in the Mojave Desert. Ecological Monographs 43: 357-376.
54. SPEED, F. M., R. R. HOCKING, AND O. P. HACKNEY. 1978. Methods of analysis of linear models with unbalanced data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 73: 105-112.
55. SPSS. 2000. SYSTAT 10.0. SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
56. SPSS. 2001. SPSS V. 10.1. SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
57. SUZAN, H., G. P. NABHAN, AND D. T. PATTEN. 1994. Nurse plant and floral biology of a rare night-blooming Cereus, Peniocereus striatus (Brandegee) F. Buxbaum. Conservation Biology 8: 461-470.
58. TEWKSBURY, J. J., G. P. NABHAN, D. NORMAN, H. SUZAN, J. TUXILL, AND J. DONOVAN. 1999. In situ conservation of wild chiles and their biotic associates. Conservation Biology 13: 98-107.
59. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1994. Arizona Cliffrose (Purshia subintegra) Recovery Plan. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Ecological Services State Office, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
60. VALIENTE-BANUET, A., AND E. EZCURRA. 1991. Shade as a cause of the association between the cactus Neobuxbaumia tetetzo and the nurse plant Mimosa luisana in the Tehuacan Valley, Mexico. Journal of Ecology 79: 961-971.
61. YATES, F. 1934. The analysis of multiple classifications with unequal number in the different classes. Journal of the American Statistical Association 29: 52-66.